• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2285-2290
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• 2012

This study is about atherosclerosis which occupies the highest rate in many diseases people have and we have studied about atherosclerosis for abdominal aorta. Atherosclerosis is the phenomenon which blood vessel gets narrower, harder and thicker due to the stenosis of colesterol in blood vessel. If it becomes worse, arteries will be hard and blood can't flow smoothly, and even it can reach to death. In this study, the geometric models of the considered stenotic blood flow are two different types of constriction of cross-sectional area of blood vessel; 20 and 45% of constriction in each elastic wall and rigid wall. We have modeled by using finite element method to observe the changes of velocity and pressure. In case of the diameter of blood vessel decreased 45% in elastic wall model, the values of velocity and pressure were higher than the case of 20% and in case of the diameter of blood vessel decreased 45% in rigid wall model, the values of velocity and pressure were higher than the case of 20%. In cases of elastic wall models of the diameters of blood vessels decreased each of 20% and 45%, recirculation zones appeared. This results show understanding of hemodynamic properties depending on stenosed blood vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.831-840
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• 2019

Flush Air Data Sensing system (FADS) estimates air data states using pressure data measured at the surface of flight vehicles. The FADS system does not require intrusive probes, so it is suitable for high performance aircrafts, stealth vehicles, and hypersonic flight vehicles. In this study, calibration procedures and solution algorithms of the FADS for a sphere-cone shape vehicle are presented for the prediction of air data from subsonic to supersonic flights. Five flush pressure ports are arranged on the surface of nose section in order to measure surface pressure data. The algorithm selects the concept of separation for the prediction of flow angles and the prediction of pressure related variables, and it uses the pressure model which combines the potential flow solution for a subsonic flow with the modified Newtonian flow theory for a hypersonic flow. The CFD code which solves Euler equations is developed and used for the construction of calibration pressure data in the Mach number range of 0.5~3.0. Tests are conducted with various flight conditions for flight Mach numbers in the range of 0.6~3.0 and flow angles in the range of -10°~+10°. Air data such as angle of attack, angle of sideslip, Mach number, and freestream static pressure are predicted and their accuracies are analyzed by comparing predicted data with reference data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.751-758
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• 2015

Noise prediction for HVAC(Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) systems are normally performed by empirical method suggested by NEBB(National Environmental Balancing Bureau, 1994). However, the method is not suitable for large ducts in ships. In this paper, computational analysis methods are used to develop a noise prediction method for the large ducts in ships. To develop regression formula of attenuation of sound pressure level in large ducts, Boundary Element Method(BEM) is used. BEM and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) are applied to the analysis of flow-induced noise in ducts with stiffeners inside. Loud noise above 100 dB can be generated in some cases. Breakout noises of large ducts are also analyzed by using BEM and Finite Element Method(FEM). The acoustic pressure level shows about 10-15dB difference between inside and outside of the duct. Utilizing the results of this study, it is expected that shipyard planners can predict noise of the HVAC system for ships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.304-311
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• 2014

In this study, to apply hydrogen energy to ship engine and to generate effective hydrogen production, we investigated the effects of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ feed rate and cooling water rate to pump parts with fixed frequency needed to reciprocate motion and a simulation was conducted at each condition. In the fixed frequency and cooling water inlet flow rate of 0.5 Hz and 3.9 kg/s, we changed the high temperature $H_2SO_4$ flow rate to 47.46 kg/s (it is 105 % of 45.2 kg/s), 49.72 kg/s (110 %), and 51.98 kg/s (115 %). Also, at 0.5 Hz and 45.2 kg/s of frequency and high temperature $H_2SO_4$ flow, the thermal hydraulic analysis was performed at the condition of 95 % (3.705 kg/s), 90 % (3.51 kg/s), and 85 % (3.315 kg/s). In overall simulation cases, the physical properties of materials are more influential to the temperature increase in the pump part rather than the changes on the feed rate of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ and cooling water. A continuous operation of pump was also capable even if the excess feed of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ of about 15 % or the less feed of cooling water of about 15 % were performed, respectively. When the increasing feed of high temperature $H_2SO_4$ of up to 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % were compared with base flow (45.2 kg/s), the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 4.5 s in the same position (same material). In case of cooling water, the deviation of time period rose to a certain temperature and ranged from 0 to 5.9 s according to the decreasing feed changes of cooling water at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % compared to a base flow (3.9 kg/s). Finally, the additional researches related to the two different materials (Teflon and STS for Pitch and End-plate), which are concerned about the effects of temperature changes to the parts contacting different materials, are needed, and we have a plan to conduct a follow-up study.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2020

In this study, the flow and noise performances of high-speed fan motor unit for cordless vacuum cleaner is improved by optimizing the impeller which drives the suction air through flow passage of the cordless vacuum cleaner. Firstly, the unsteady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved to investigate the flow through the fan motor unit using the computational fluid dynamics techniques. Based on flow field results, the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) integral equation is used to predict flow noise radiated from the impeller. Predicted results are compared to the measured ones, which confirms the validity of the numerical method used. It is found that the strong vortex is formed around the mid-chord region of the main blades where the blade curvature change rapidly. Given that vortex acts as a loss for flow and a noise source for noise, impeller blade is redesigned to suppress the identified vortex. The response surface method using two factors is employed to determine the optimum inlet and outlet sweep angles for maximum flow rate and minimum noise. Further analysis of finally selected design confirms the improved flow and noise performance.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.287-296
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• 2020

The wave-impact load on offshore structures can be divided into green-water and wave-slamming impact loads. These wave impact loads are known to have strong nonlinear characteristics. Although the wave impact loads are dealt with in the current classification rules in the shipping industry, their strong nonlinear characteristics are not considered in detail. Therefore, to investigate these characteristics, wave-impact loads induced by a breaking wave on a circular cylinder were analyzed. A model test was carried out to measure the wave-impact loads due to breaking waves in a two-dimensional (2D) wave tank. To generate a breaking wave, the focusing wave method was applied. A series of 2D tank tests under a horizontal wave impact was carried out to investigate the structural responses of the cylindrical structure, which were obtained from the measured model test data. According to the results, we proposed a structural damage-estimation procedure of an offshore tubular member due to a wave impact load. Furthermore, a recommended wave-impact load is suggested that considers the minimum required thickness of each member. From the experimental results, we found that the required minimum thickness is dependent on the impact pressure located in a three-dimensional space on the surface of a tubular member.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.324-333
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• 2013

Recently, rudder erosion due to cavitation has been frequently reported on a semi-spade rudder of a high-speed large ship. This problem raises economic and safety issues when operating ships. The semi-spade rudders have a gap between the horn/pintle and the movable wing part. Due to this gap, a discontinuous surface, cavitation phenomenon arises and results in unresolved problems such as rudder erosion. In this study, we made a rudder model for 2-D experiments using the NACA0020 and also manufactured gap flow blocking devices to insert to the gap of the model. In order to study the gap flow characteristics at various rudder deflection angles($5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $35^{\circ}$) and the effect of the gap flow blocking devices, we carried out the velocity measurements using PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) techniques and cavitation observation using high speed camera in Seoul National University cavitation tunnel. To observe the gap cavitation on a semi-spade rudder, we slowly lowered the inside pressure of the cavitation tunnel until cavitation occurred near the gap and then captured it using high-speed camera with the frame rate of 4300 fps(frame per second). During this procedure, cavitation numbers and the generated location were recorded, and these experimental data were compared with CFD results calculated by commercial code, Fluent. When we use gap flow blocking device to block the gap, it showed a different flow character compared with previous observation without the device. With the device blocking the gap, the flow velocity increases on the suction side, while it decreases on the pressure side. Therefore, we can conclude that the gap flow blocking device results in a high lift-force effect. And we can also observe that the cavitation inception is delayed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2014

The interpretation on the diffusion of radiation contaminants in air is usually to apply a Gaussian plume equation that obtains normal distributions in stable air flow conditions to draw a conservative conclusion. In this study, a numerical study using computational fluid dynamics methods was performed to interpret the air flow pattern and the diffusion of the radiation contaminants at the Wolseong nuclear power plants, and a more detailed solution can be obtained than the Gaussian plume equation, which is difficult to use to simulate complex terrains. The results show that a significant fluctuation of air flow in the terrain appears in the case of a northwester and southeaster because of the mountain located in the northwest and the sea located in the south-east. The northwesterly air flow shows the most unstable flow in the vertical direction when it passes over the terrain of mountain. The stable southeasterly air flow enters into the nuclear power plant from the sea, but it becomes unstable rapidly because of the interference by the building and the terrain. On the other hand, in the case of a northeaster and southwester, a small interruption of air flow is caused by the terrain and wake behind the buildings of nuclear power plants.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.495-500
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• 2017

In the boundary layer of supersonic or hypersonic vehicles, there is the conversion from kinetic energy to thermal energy, called aerodynamic heating. Aerodynamic heating has to be considered to design supersonic vehicles, because it induces severe heat flux to surface. Transient heat transfer analysis with CFD is used to predict thermal response of vehicles, however transient heat transfer analysis needs excessive computing powers. Loosely coupled method is widely used for evaluating thermal response, however it needs to be revised for overestimated heat flux. In this research, quasi-transient method, which is combined loosely coupled method and conjugate heat transfer analysis, is proposed for evaluating thermal response with efficiency and reliability. Defining reference time of splitting flight scenario for transient simulation is important on accuracy of quasi-transient method, however there is no algorithm to determine. Therefore the research suggests the algorithm with various flow conditions to define reference time. Supersonic flow field of blunt body with constant acceleration is calculated to evaluate quasi-transient method. Temperature difference between transient and quasi-transient method is about 11.4%, and calculation time reduces 28 times for using quasi-transient method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.552-557
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• 2015

A numerical simulation studies were performed to investigate a manoeuvring characteristics as function of stern hull form with the mathematical model. In order to consider the effect of the stern hull form and obtain the manoeuvring characteristics, a parameter($C_{wa}$) which is aft. water plane area coefficient is modified. Because modifying $C_{wa}$(${\pm}2%$) means that the stern hull form is modified to V-type or U-type, the numerical simulation was performed with this modified $C_{wa}$. A changing trend for the manoeuvring characteristics not only in deep water but also in shallow water such as directional stability, turning and zig-zag was investigated and presented as the results. Present study showed that the manoeuvrability in shallow water largely changed when the draught and water depth ratio(=d/H) become 0.5, and the stern hull form can affect to the manoeuvrability of a vessel navigating in restricted water depth. In addition, it showed that approaching the stern hull to U-type makes the advance and tactical diameter of turning motion large and the overshoot angle of zig-zag motions small. Otherwise, it showed approaching the stern hull form to V-type makes the advance and tactical diameter of turning motion small and the overshoot angle of zig-zag motions large in the present study.