• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

A single-learner model which integrates the user's positive and negative perceptions is proposed by augmenting counterfactual data to the interaction data between users and items, which are mainly used in collaborative filtering in this study. The proposed CausRec showed superior performance compared to the existing NCF model in terms of F1 value and AUC in experiments using three published datasets: MovieLens 100K, Amazon Gift Card, and Amazon Magazine. Compared to the existing NCF model, the F1 and AUC values of CausRec showed 1.2% and 2.6% performance improvement in MovieLens 100K data, and 2.2% and 10% improvement in Amazon Gift Card data, respectively. In particular, in experiments using Amazon Magazine data, F1 and AUC values were improved by 11.7% and 21.9%, respectively, showing a significant performance improvement effect. The performance of CausRec is improved because both positive and negative perceptions of the item were reflected in the recommendation at the same time. It is judged that the proposed method was able to improve the performance of the collaborative filtering because it can simultaneously alleviate the sparsity and imbalance problems of the interaction data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.4057-4065
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• 2023

Organic scintillators are widely used for neutron/gamma detection. Pulse shape discrimination algorithms have been commonly used to discriminate the detected radiations. These algorithms have several limits, in particular with plastic scintillator which has lower discrimination ability, compared to liquid scintillator. Recently, machine learning (ML) models have been explored to enhance discrimination performance. Nevertheless, obtaining an accurate ML model or evaluating any discrimination approach requires a reference neutron dataset. The preparation of this is challenging because neutron sources are also gamma-ray emitters. Therefore, this paper proposes a pipeline to prepare clean labeled neutron/gamma datasets acquired by an organic scintillator. The method is mainly based on a Time of Flight setup and Tail-to-Total integral ratio (TTT_ratio) discrimination algorithm. In the presented case, EJ276 plastic scintillator and ²⁵²Cf source were used to implement the acquisition chain. The results showed that this process can identify and remove mislabeled samples in the entire ToF spectrum, including those that contribute to peak values. Furthermore, the process cleans ToF dataset from pile-up events, which can significantly impact experimental results and the conclusions extracted from them.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of expanding the usage of whole crop silage from beef cattle and dairy cow to hogs and chickens. For this purpose, a crushing device was developed to crush whole crop silage. The crushed silage was sealed, and analyzed for its feed value. The silage varieties used for the experiment included Saessal barley and Geumgang wheat. Whole crop barley and wheat were crushed in the crushing system as a whole without separating stems, leaves, grains, etc.. When the crushed whole crop silages (CWCS) were analyzed, full grain, grains above 10 mm in size, grains 5~10 mm in size, and grains below 5 mm in size accounted for, 20%, 4%, 27%, and 49 %, respectively. In order to facilitate the fermentation of CWCS, inoculated some fermenter into each CWCS sample (barley or wheat). As control, another set of sample was not inoculated. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, cellulose content, total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) of fermenter-inoculated Saessal barley were 2.45 %, 1.61%, 8.95%, 16.94%, 9.52%, 1.01%, 8.51%, 81.38%, and 447.5%, respectively. The CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose content, TDN, and RFV in the other sample of Saessal barley without inoculation of fermenter were 2.57%, 1.62%, 9.61%, 18.25%, 10.13%, 1.10%, 9.04%, 80.90%, and 412.9%, respectively. The CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose content, TDN, and RFV of fermenter-inoculated Geumgang wheat sample were 2.43%, 1.27%, 10.99%, 19.49%, 11.23%, 1.46%, 9.77%, 80.03%, and 382.6%, respectively. The CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose content, TDN, RFV of the other set sample of Geumgang wheat sample without the inoculation of fermenter were 2.28%, 1.44%, 10.08%, 18.02%, 10.44%, 1.26%, 9.18%, 80.65%, and 416.9%, respectively. The TDN and RFV content in the fermenter-inoculated Saessal barley were 81.38% and 447.5%, respectively, while the one in the fermenter-inoculated Geumgang wheat were 80.03% and 382.6% respectively. When the feed value of whole crop barley and wheat silage without crushing process was compared to the feed value of whole crop barley and wheat silage made from crushing system, the latter appeared to be higher than the former. This could be due to the process of sealing the crushed silage which might have minimized air content between samples and shortened the golden period of fermentation. In conclusion, these results indicate that a crushing process might be needed to facilitate fermentation and improve the quality of silage when making whole crop silage.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of liquid fertilizer contained medium of Lactobacillus confusa and Pichia anoala on growth of creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds. CV. Pennlixs). By application method of liquid fertilizer, the experiment plot was designed as following; NF was non-fertilized treatment, control was applied with compound fertilizer and treatment 1(T-1), treatment 2(T-2) and treatment 3(T-3) were applied with compound fertilizer and liquid fertilizer solution diluted 500, 300 and 100 folds, respectively. The every treatments was arranged a randomized complete block with three replications. Compared with NF, leaf color index of control, T-1, T-2 and T-3 in creeping bentgrass was increased 7.4%, 7.5%, 77% and 7.2%, respectively and chlorophyll content of T-1, T-2 and T-3 in creeping bentgrass was increased 45.7%, 45.6%, 52.1% and 49.6%, respectively, and T-2 and T-3 was increased 4.4% and 2.7% more than control. Dry weight of T-1, T-2 and T-3 was increased 2.7%, 13.8% and 13.9% more than control, when compared to control. These results were found that turfgrass qualities and growth was improved in treatment applied to compound fertilizer and solution of liquid fertilizer diluted 300 folds.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2020

Male gonadal development of the yellow catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, one of the most popular fish species in Korean aquaculture performance, was investigated by histological observation of monthly collected specimens to make comparisons between wild and cultured individuals. Their reproductive cycle was classified into the successive developmental stages as follows: a growing stage (April), a spawning stage (May), a degeneration stage (June to July), and a resting stage (August to October) in the wild and outdoor-cage individuals; a growing stage (April to June), a spawning stage (July to August), a degeneration stage (September), and a resting stage (October) in the indoor-cage ones. Values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) of wild and outdoor cages peaked in May, followed by a sudden decline in August~September and June~August, respectively. In contrast, GSI values of the indoor-cage individuals peaked in September and were followed by a sudden drop. Remarkable seasonal variation in condition factor (CF) was undetectable, peaking in June in the wild-cage individuals and November in the wild ones. Overall, our results suggest that it is suitable to use the male of the outdoor-cage individuals for artificial fertilization and that it is efficient to perform artificial fertilization in May, such as reproductive cycle of wild.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.861-867
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• 2005

Feeding values of soybean hulls (SH) were compared to those of wheat bran (WB) for swine diets by chemical compositions, a digestion trial, a preference test by self-selection, and two feeding trials. The SH and the WB appeared to have, on airdry basis, 11.1 vs. 15.4% CP, 32.5 vs. 8.7% crude fiber (CF), 36.8 vs. 10.7% ADF, 0.6 vs. 0.1% Ca, and 492 vs. 92 ppm Fe, respectively. Lysine and total sulfur-containing amino acids in the SH were 0.66 vs. 0.37%, respectively. Apparent digestibility values of the SH were 71% for dry matter, 50% for CP, and 74% for CF. Apparent digestible energy and MEn values of the SH were 2,420 and 2,370 kcal kg$^-1$, respectively, which were comparable to those of the WB, 2,420 and 2,275 kcal kg$^-1$ (NRC, 1998), respectively. The first feeding trial was conducted with 72 crossbred growing pigs with an average weight of 29.6 kg. The pigs when fed the diets containing 0, 6 and 10% SH by replacing the WB on a weight basis for 42 days did not show significant differences in body weight gain and feed/gain ratio among the treatments. The same trends were observed in the second trial with 60 crossbred finishing pigs with an average weight of 64.5 kg when fed the diets containing 12% SH or WB for 41 days. Back-fat thickness and adjusted loin eye muscle area of the finisher pigs were also not significantly different between the two groups. When allowed to self-select from two different feed troughs containing 10% SH or WB for two weeks, two groups of 80 pigs with 10 pigs per pen consumed the two diets exactly in equal proportion. In conclusion, the soybean hulls can be included up to 10 and 12% for growing or finishing pig diets, respectively, replacing the wheat bran on a weight basis without any adverse effects on palatability of diets and animal performances.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.254-270
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• 2020

We conducted a seasonal field survey to analyze the distribution patterns of a phytoplankton community and biological oceanographic characteristics in the Geum river estuary in 2018. The results showed that the phytoplankton community consisted of 58 genera and 116 species, showing a relatively simple distribution. It was controlled by diatoms at 70.2%, a low number of species in winter and spring, and a high number in summer and autumn. The phytoplankton cell density ranged from 10.0 to 2,904.0 cells mL^-1, with an average layer of 577.2 cells mL^-1, which was low in autumn and high in winter. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton dominant species was mainly centric diatoms from winter to summer, including Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Cerataulina bergonii, and Skeletonema costatum-ls in winter, S. costatum-ls and C. bergonii in spring, and Eucampia zodiacus and Th. nordenskioeldii in summer. However, the autumn species depended upon the regions, with the inner bay dominated by the centric diatom, Aulacoseira cf. granulata, the mixed areas by S. costatum-ls, and the open sea by the dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedra. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the phytoplankton community was greatly affected by the inflow and expansion of freshwater, including high nutrients, which are introduced annually through the rivermouth weir in Geum river estuary. However, the estuary, which is strongly affected by annual freshwater, was limited to areas near Geumran Island, which is adjacent to the river-mouth weir.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2001

Eight $12.4{\pm}0.6kg$ initial body weight crossbred barrows were used to determine the effect of soybean galactooligosaccharides on nutrient and energy digestibility, and digesta transit time. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this trial. Treatment one was a corn-soybean meal based diet (SBM) containing raffinose and stachyose at the levels of 0.16% and 0.75%, respectively. Treatment two (control) was a corn-HP300 (soybean concentrate protein) diet. In treatments three and four, 1.1% and 2.2% commercial stachyose was added to the control diet to provide total dietary stachyose at the levels of 1% and 2%, respectively. The soybean galactooligosaccharides (raffinose + stachyose) level in treatment one was slightly lower compared to that in treatment three. Three collection periods were run with two pigs for each treatment/period. There was a 4 d adjustment period followed by a 3 d collection period. The results showed that the nitrogen retention (86.79%) of pigs fed treatment two diet was higher than that of pigs fed treatment one by 5.2% (p<0.05). The nitrogen retention of treatment three was intermediate 83.09%. The apparent fecal digestibility of all amino acids in treatment two was numerically highest, followed by treatments three and four. However, there were no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility numerically decreased as the soybean galactooligosaccharides level increased, but were not significantly different (p>0.05). Chromium content in feces (from the inclusion of 0.3% chromic oxide in the diets) differed among treatments (p<0.05) at 15 h, 18 h, and 21 h after eating. This showed that the digesta transit time was differed significantly among treatments. Treatment four was the shortest, followed by treatment three, SBM and control. The results demonstrated that in the absence of antinutritional factors and soybean antigen protein, inclusion of 1% and 2% stachyose in corn-HP300 diet has no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and amino acids. When the soybean galactooligosaccharide level in diet one and diet three were adjusted to be almost the same, antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and soybean antigen protein could decrease the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of diet. High levels of soybean galactooligosaccharides shortened the digesta transit time in the intestinal tract. This trial suggested that the total level of soybean galactooligosaccharides (stachyose+raffinose) in the weanling piglet diet is better not to exceed 1% when common soybean meal is used as main protein source.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.9.1-9.11
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• 2018

Background: In recent years, with the prohibition of antibiotics used as growth stimulants in the nutrition of farm animals, researchers have searched for alternative natural and reliable products in order to be able to sustain the developments experienced during the use of antibiotics and to overcome the possible inconveniences. In this context, studies on evaluation of essential oils in poultry nutrition have been reported to improve the utilization of feed, stimulate the release of digestive enzymes, increase absorption in the stomach and intestines, antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects and thus, can be an alternative to antibiotics and improve meat quality as well. Indeed, this study has been carried out to explore the effects of the addition of 150 mg/kg capsicum oleoresin (CAP), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN) or their mixture (CAP+CAR+CIN) into the broilers' ration over sensory, physical and chemical properties in breast meat and leg meat. Methods: Experiments were conducted over 400 male and female broiler chicks (Ross-308) in 5 groups (1 control group and 4 treatment groups), each composed of 80 chicks. The control group was fed without feed additives while the second, third, fourth and the fifth groups were fed with 150 mg CAP/kg feed, 150 mg CAR/kg feed, 150 mg CIN/kg feed, and 150 mg CAP+CAR+CIN/kg feed, respectively. Results: Addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN had effects on the sensory (of taste, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability); physical properties (of $L^*$ value and toughness), the chemical properties (of DM, CF, CP, linoleic, EPA, behenic, MUFA, PUFA and ${\Sigma}n-6$ of the leg meat), the physical characteristics (of toughness and firmness), and the chemical properties (of CF, CP, linoleic, ecosenic, EPA, lignoseric, MUFA and ${\Sigma}n-3$) of the breast meat in comparison to control group. Furthermore, while the treatments had positive impacts on thawing loss, cooking loss and water holding capacity in both breast and leg meat; no effect was observed on pH value and lipid oxidation on day 1, day 4 and day 8. Conclusion: The results strongly suggested that the addition of CAP, CAR, CIN or CAP+CAR+CIN to the rations of the broiler chicks changed the sensory, physical and chemical properties of breast and leg meat. It was also observed that these compounds were more effective when they were added to the ratio as a mixture rather than adding them individually.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.298-298
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• 2009

유기농업 토양에서 합리적인 유기물 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 밭토양에서 동일한 유기물을 9년간 연용하면서 옥수수의 건물량의 연차간 변화량을 조사하였다. 처리는 무비구(WF)를 비롯하여 화학비료 단용처리(CF), 화학비료 및 돈분왕겨퇴비 혼용(CF+CPR) 두었으며, 유기자원별로는 돈분왕겨퇴비(CPR), 채종유박(RC), 볏짚퇴비(CRS), 녹비(GM) 등 7처리를 두었고, 작물의 생산성은 줄기와 알곡을 포함한 총 건물량에 대하여 화학비료 단용구를 대조로 하여 상대비교하였다. 옥수수의 생육은 파종후 52일 및 수확기에 볏짚퇴비구와 녹비처리구에서 가장 양호하였다. 9년차 옥수수 총 건물량은 화학비료구 1,226kg/10a 대비 녹비처리구에서 121%로 높았으나 볏짚퇴비구 97%, 채종유박 92% 돈분왕겨퇴비 80%로 낮았으며, 무비구의 경우 24%의 수량을 보였다. 양분의 흡수량은 녹비처리구에서 11.8kg/10a로 화학비료구에 비하여 낮았으나 다른 유기자원 처리구보다 높았다. 질소 이용율은 녹비처리구 61.1%로 화학비료구 61.6%와 동일한 수준을 보였다. 화학비료구에 대한 상대적인 수량은 녹비처리구에서 5년차까지 증가하다가 6년차부터 점차 감소하는 경향(y=$-2.044x^2$+25.302x+51.402, $R^2$=0.8571)이었으며, 볏짚퇴비구도 7년차까지는 수량이 증가하다가 8년차부터 감소하는 경향(y=$-1.0621x^2$+13.091x+63.59, $R^2$=0.6643)을 보였다. 유기질비료구와 돈분왕겨퇴비구는 완만한 감소경향을 보였으나 무비구는 급격히 감소하는 경향이지만 점차 감소폭이 좁아지는 경향(y=$0.4584x^2$-9.5544x+69.221, $R^2$=0.8777)을 보였다.