• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the symptoms of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the stress and depressive symptoms in Korean soldiers. Methods : Data were collected on 131 subjects through self-report using the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (K-AADHDS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Korean Wender Utah Rating Scale (K-WURS), and the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI-K). Student t-tests, Pearson Correlation, Logistic regression, and Path analysis were performed. Results : The scores related to adult ADHD symptoms on the K-AADHDS and K-WURS were correlated with stress scores on the BEPSI-K (r=0.529, p<0.001 and r=0.484, p<0.001) and with depressive symptoms on the CES-D (r=0.686, p<0.001 and r=0.628, p<0.001). Scores related to adult ADHD on the K-AADHDS were the most significant risk factors for stress (O.R=1.198, 95% CI=1.104-1.299), and depressive symptoms (O.R=1.306, p95% CI=1.112-1.534). Path analysis on depressive symptoms showed that adult ADHD symptoms affected stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : The results suggest that it may be important to consider the evaluation and treatment of adult ADHD in soldiers. Prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects are warranted to further explore the relevance of the present results.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2017

Objective : The PTSD Checklist (PCL) is a self-report screen for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that can be scored for both diagnostic assessment and symptom severity measurement. The most recent revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) contains a number of changes to the definition of PTSD, and the aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PCL for the DSM-5 (PCL-5-K). Methods : The participants were 204 Korean veterans of the Vietnam War who completed the PCL-5-K, the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), PTSD module of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Research Version (SCID5-RV PTSD module), Korean version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES-K). Results : The PCL-5-K demonstrated good internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.972$) and test-retest reliability (r=0.96); the suggested cut-off score for PTSD diagnosis was ${\geq}37$ with 0.88 sensitivity and 0.96 specificity. The PCL-5-K scale correlated highly with the IES-R-K and CES-K. Factor analysis identified only one factor. Conclusion : Among elderly Korean veterans of the Vietnam War, the PCL-5-K demonstrated similar psychometric qualities to those of both the original PCL and subsequent versions. It is expected that the PCL-5-K will be a useful PTSD screening tool.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2014

To present a case of cauda equina syndrome (CES) caused by chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) which seemed clinically similar to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type1 (CMT1). CIDP is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy, either progressive or relapsing-remitting. It is a non-hereditary disorder characterized by symmetrical motor and sensory deficits. Rarely, spinal nerve roots can be involved, leading to CES by hypertrophic cauda equina. A 34-year-old man presented with low back pain, radicular pain, bilateral lower-extremity weakness, urinary incontinence, and constipation. He had had musculoskeletal deformities, such as hammertoes and pes cavus, since age 10. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse thickening of the cauda equina. Electrophysiological testing showed increased distal latency, conduction blocks, temporal dispersion, and severe nerve conduction velocity slowing (3 m/s). We were not able to find genetic mutations at the PMP 22, MPZ, PRX, and EGR2 genes. The pathologic findings of the sural nerve biopsy revealed thinly myelinated nerve fibers with Schwann cells proliferation. We performed a decompressive laminectomy, intravenous IgG (IV-IgG) and oral steroid. At 1 week after surgery, most of his symptoms showed marked improvements except foot deformities. There was no relapse or aggravation of disease for 3 years. We diagnosed the case as an early-onset CIDP with cauda equine syndrome, whose initial clinical findings were similar to those of CMT1, and successfully managed with decompressive laminectomy, IV-IgG and oral steroid.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.803-832
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• 2007

새로운 접단에너지 사업에 대한 경제성 평가와 기존 집단에너지 시설의 최적운용을 위해서는 적어도 시간대 단위로 계측된 세부용도별 에너지 부하패턴에 관한 정보가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기상자료와 냉난방 실측자료를 활용하여 열부하를 추정 예측하기 위하여 다계층모형을 선태하였다. 다계층모형은 수집한 자료의 패널자료 특성을 유연하게 모형화할 수 있는 이점이 있다. 다계층모형을 일대일의 대응관계에 있는 선형혼합효과모형으로 변환한 후 패널 FGLS(연산가능한 일반화최소자승추정법)를 적용하여 세부용도별로 열부하모형을 추정하였다. 추정된 부하모형은 온도, 습도, 시간대, 요일, 설날연휴/추석연휴 등 법정공휴일 특성, 난방면적/냉방면적이 열에너지사용량에 미치는 영향을 고려하고 있다. 지면을 고려하여 본 논문에서는 가정용 난방부하모형의 추정치와 난방부하곡선의 예측치에 제한하여 실증결과를 설명하고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.872-879
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• 2015

Many strains of Bacillus cereus cause gastrointestinal diseases, and the closely related insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis has also been involved in outbreaks of diarrhea. The diarrheal diseases are attributed to enterotoxins. Sixteen reference strains of B. cereus and nine commercial and 12 reference strains of B. thuringiensis were screened by PCR for the presence of 10 enterotoxigenic genes (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT, entFM, and entS), one emetogenic gene (ces), seven hemolytic genes (hlyA, hlyII, hlyIII, plcA, cerA, cerB, and cerO), and a pleiotropic transcriptional activator gene (plcR). These genes encode various enterotoxins and other virulence factors thought to play a role in infections of mammals. Amplicons were successfully generated from the strains of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis for each of these sequences, except the ces gene. Intriguingly, the majority of these B. cereus enterotoxin genes and other virulence factor genes appeared to be widespread among B. thuringiensis strains as well as B. cereus strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1107-1113
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• 2010

Because conventional methods for detecting emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus are laborious and costly, various PCR assays, which are easy and cheap, have recently been reported. Therefore, this study estimated and compared the ability of various PCR assays to detect emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus strains isolated in Korea. The PCR assays were performed on 160 B. cereus strains, including 40 emetic-toxin-producing strains. Although the species-specific PCR assays were all shown to be highly specific, the sensitivities varied greatly. The accuracies of the primers were 97.5% (CER), 95.6% (EM1), 96.3% (RE234), 89.4% (CES), and 83.1% (Ces3R/CESR2). Moreover, the CER primer had a higher sensitivity (100%) than all the other primers tested, and a specificity of 96.7%. Thus, the CER primer was shown to be the most effective for screening the emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus strains tested in this study. However, the ability of these PCR assays to identify emetic-toxin-producing B. cereus should also be confirmed using other methods.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.253-276
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 단축형 간이정신진단검사(Brief Symptom Inventory-18, BSI-18)가 정신장애인의 정신과적 증상을 평가하고 치료 개입의 성과를 측정하는 도구로 활용될 수 있도록 타당도와 신뢰도를 검정하는 것이었다. BSI-18은 BSI-53의 축소버전으로 임상 현장에서 효과적인 개입을 위해 정신과적 증상을 확인하고 진단하며, 치료프로그램의 성과로서 증상변화를 측정하기 위해 개발된 도구이다. 본 연구에서는 정신장애인 180명을 대상으로 하여 첫째, BSI-18 전체 문항과 하위요인에 대한 내적일치도 및 검사-재검사 반복측정을 통해 신뢰도를 파악하였으며, 둘째, 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 해당구성개념의 요인구조를 확인하였으며, 셋째, BSI-18의 우울 점수와 대표적인 우울척도인 BDI, CES-D 20의 우울 점수 간에 상관관계를 검토하여 준거 타당도를 살펴보았다. 연구의 주된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, BSI-18 전체 문항과 하위요인 등의 검사-재검사 반복측정 결과 선행연구들과 유사한 높은 수준의 반복측정 신뢰도 및 내적일관성을 보여주었다. 둘째, 확인적 요인분석 결과 정신장애인을 대상으로 BSI-18은 3요인 모형이 가장 자료에 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, BSI-18의 우울증상은 BDI, CES-D 20과 유의한 정적상관관계가 나타나 준거 타당도가 확보되었다. 이러한 결과들에 대한 연구함의를 논의하여 제시하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1388-1394
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• 2004

Purpose. Korean women are likely to experience symptoms of depression, possibly due to socially fixed limitations on the roles that Korean women are expected to perform. Also if a Korean woman experinces negative relationship problem or stress in her family, she would feel responsible, which will worsen her depression. Nonetheless, much of the research on depression among Korean women has focused on menopausal women. This study aims to understand the depression of Korean women to provide fundamental data to develop nursing intervention method for promoting women's health. Methods. The present investigation assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression in a large sample of Korean women, aged 18 or older, from the general population. With a probability sample of 3312 women drawn from two areas in Korea, a survey, which contains the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and background, was completed. Results. According to CES-D classification criteria, $36.5\%$ of the women in the sample displayed either no depression or mild depression, $55.6\%$ exhibited moderate depression, and $7.8\%$ manifested severe depression. Significant bivariate relationships were observed between depression and each measured background variable except alcohol use. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the strongest combination of predictors of depression included income, menopausal, and marital status. Conclusion. The data support the premise that Korean women disproportionately experience elevated levels of depression. Consistent with the theory, depression may be related to social pressures to conform to the traditional roles. The study suggests the need for further research, primary prevention activities, and increased access to treatment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.849-864
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• 2019

One way to achieve sustainable construction is to reduce concrete consumption by use of more sustainable and higher strength concrete. Modern building codes do not cover the use of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) in the design of composite structures. Against such background, this paper investigates experimentally the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced UHSC and then the structural behaviors of UHSC encased steel (CES) members under both concentric and eccentric compressions as well as pure bending. The effects of steel-fibre dosage and spacing of stirrups were studied, and the applicability of Eurocode 4 design approach was checked. The test results revealed that the strength of steel stirrups could not be fully utilized to provide confinement to the UHSC. The bond strength between UHSC and steel section was improved by adding the steel fibres into the UHSC. Reducing the spacing of stirrups or increasing the dosage of steel fibres was beneficial to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover thus mobilize the steel section strength to achieve higher compressive capacity. Closer spacing of stirrups and adding 0.5% steel fibres in UHSC enhanced the post-peak ductility of CES columns. It is concluded that the code-specified reduction factors applied to the concrete strength and moment resistance can account for the loss of load capacity due to the premature spalling of concrete cover and partial yielding of the encased steel section.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2009

Objective : The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma serotonin concentration and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medication. Methods : Plasma serotonin level of 14 PTSD patients and a control group of 28 Vietnam War veterans was measured by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). The Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and Hamiltion Anxiety Scale (HAS) were used to evaluate PTSD symptom severity. Results : Serotonin level was significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group (p=0.036, p=0.006, respectively). M-PTSD (p<0.001), CAPS (p<0.001), HRSD (p<0.001), and HAS (p<0.001) scale scores were significantly higher in the PTSD group than in the control group; however, the CES score failed to show a significant improvement (p=0.964). There were no significant differences between plasma serotonin and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion : In chronic PTSD patients who have been taking medications, we can not predict treatment effect and symptom severity by measuring only plasma serotonin levels. PTSD is a complicated disorder which may likely be related to a variety of neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, further research which investigate relationships with norepinephrine, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters as well as serotonin is needed to improve the treatment of PTSD.