• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.120-122
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• 2004

This paper analyse impacts of Community Energy System (CES) on the grid during transition periods for integrating of the CES and the grid. In the near future, CES might be one of major energy supply structures. The basic concept of CES is that it supplies electrical and thermal energy to the local customer loads through the islanded power network separated from the grid. Therefore, the interconnection with the grid occurs only when the energy supply from the CES generators does not meet the demand of the local load. For avoiding impacting the grid during the transition operation modes of CES, it is necessary to thoroughly analyse the influences on the grid during those periods. In order to show them, in this paper, we model the CES with 2.34 WVA DG and simulate the impacts on the grid due to interconnection of CES The simulation results show that, in order to reduce bad influences of CES on the grid, CES need the efficient load management and generation control schemes during the transition periods.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 1990

This study was carried out to enhance the nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and the utilization of animal waste as a ruminant feedstuffs. Whole crop corn were ensiled with cage layer excreta and concentrate. Treatments included whole crop corn silage (control), 10% cage layer excreta and concentrate-corn silage (CES lo), 20% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 20) and 30% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 30). The characteristics of silage fermentation was evaluated. Digestibility and palatability of the silage were observed through the feeding trial with four male Corridale sheep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cage layer excreta-corn silage showed higher contents of crude protein and crude ash than control silage, while crude fibre content was significantlv lower than that of control silage (P(.01). 2. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the cage layer excreta-corn silage was significantly (P< .01) higher than that of control, but CES 10 silage was good in quality. 3. Lactic acid content of CES 10 silage was the highest, but that of CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower than that of control. CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower lactic acid content and higher pH than control. Therefore Flieg's score was wrose than that of control silage. 4. The numbers of total bacteria and lactic fermentation bacteria were estimated lo7-10' and 10"1OH, respectively, and there were no significant differences among treatments. Coliform numbers were not detected with CES 10 silage while were detected lo3 per gram in CES 30 silage. 5. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and ADF was improved significantly in the animals fed the cage layer excreta-corn silage compared with animals fed the control silage. DCP and TDN were the highest in the CES 10 silage. 6. The intake of daily nitrogen and dry matter per metabolic body weight was the highest in animals fed the CES 10 silage.lage.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

CES(Community Energy System) 마이크로그리드 기술은 에너지 생산/공급 및 소비가 일정 지역에 구역화하여 공급하는 집단에너지사업 중 구역전기사업이 이루어지는 커뮤니티에너지공급(CES) 시설 환경을 기반으로 이루어지는 마이크로그리드 시스템 기술이다. 마이크로그리드 환경을 위하여 CES 시설 환경을 기반으로 신재생발전, ESS 등 분산자원을 추가하고, 내부 전력시스템 개선 및 신규 에너지 서비스 인프라가 추가로 구축된다. 아울러, 이를 기반으로 마이크로그리드 환경에서 제공될 수 있는 에너지 서비스를 제공한다. 본고에서는 이러한 CES 마이크로그리드 기술에 대해 기술하고 최근 이루어지고 있는 CES 마이크로그리드 기술 개발의 사례를 통해 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 찾아보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.258-260
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• 2004

This paper analyse a operating characteristics when the Community Energy System (CES) is operated islanding mode. In the near future, CES might be one of major energy supply structures. The basic concept of CES is that it supplies electrical and thermal energy to the local customer loads through the islanded power network separated from the grid. The CES must be supplying local load with stable energy on the islanding mode, analysing necessary to thoroughly the operation feature. In order to show them, in this paper, we model the CES with 2.34 MVA DG and simulate the operating feature on the islanding mode of CES. The simulation results show that, in order to stability operate, the CES need the efficient load management and generation control schemes during the transition periods.

• Genes and Genomics
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1237-1248
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• 2018

Introduction Cellulose microfibril is a major cell wall polymer that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The gene cellulose synthase A (CesA), encoding cellulose synthases, is involved in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils. However, the regulatory mechanism of CesA gene expression is not well understood, especially during the early developmental stages. Objective To identify factor(s) that regulate the expression of CesA genes and ultimately control seedling growth and development. Methods The presence of cis-elements in the promoter region of the eight CesA genes identified in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Nike') seedlings was verified, and three kinds of ethylene-responsive cis-elements were identified in the promoters. Therefore, the effect of ethylene on the expression of four selected CesA genes classified into Clades 1 and 6 after treatment with $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-3}M$ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was examined in the hypocotyl of 4-6-day-old flax seedlings. Results ACC-induced ethylene either up- or down-regulated the expression of the CesA genes depending on the clade to which these genes belonged, age of seedlings, part of the hypocotyl, and concentration of ACC. Conclusion Ethylene might be one of the factors regulating the expression of CesA genes in flax seedlings.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.226-228
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of potassium-cyanoethylstarch (K-CES), which is a natural polymer derivate,. and polyacrylamide (PAM), which is a synthetic polymer, on the growth of spinach under environment-controlled biotron. K-CES was made from tapioca starch, and introductions of acrylonitrile was confirmed by FT-IR. Water absorbing capacities (WAC) of K-CES and PAM were 37.6 and 47.8 times, respectively. WAC of PAM was slightly higher than K-CES, WAC of PAM m saline solutions were more reduced than those of K-CES. It was introduced that K-CES treatment was more effective than PAM in higher salinity of water and soil. Dry super absorptive polymers were put into solution, and the solution was applied to soil as an soil conditioner. Both amendments, K-CES and PAM, increased the vegetative growth of the spinach when applied at 0.1% of soil weight. In general, the most favorable results for early vegetative growth of the spinach came from the PAM treatment, followed by the K-CES treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 1996

Condensed ethyl silicate(CES) solutions were prepared from $SiCl_4$ and ethanol which is different in water content(2.5, 5.0 and 7.0wt.% ). To investigate the sol-gel transition behaviors of CES and PHT(partially hydrolyzed TEOS) solutions, the measurement of volume change, density, $SiO_2$ content, intrinsic viscosity and number average molecular weight were conducted with elapsed time. The polymer shapes of CES were discussed from the relation between the intrinsic viscosity[$\eta$] and the number average molecular weight($\bar{Mn}$). CES-3 prepared from ethanol containing 7.0wt.% $H_2O$ had different sol-gel transition behaviors from CES-1 (2.5wt.% $H_2O$) and CES-2(5.Owt.% $H_2O$), but similar behaviors to those of PHT which is used for controlling the hydrolysis rata of TEOS when composite ceramic materials were manufactured from silicon alkoxides. On the basis of Mark-Hawink relation, $[{\eta}]=K\bar{Mn}^{{\alpha}}$, the polymer shape of CES solutions were determined linear siloxane polymers because all solutions had ${\alpha}$ values in the range from 0.53 to 0.84. Especially, CES-3 showed to be a favorable raw materials for composite ceramics due to its similar properties to those of PHT.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal motor neuron excitability by cranial electrostimulation(CES). The fifteen Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the three groups; GroupI(control), GroupII(low rate CES), GroupIII(high rate CES). Spinal motor neuron excitability was measured to use a computerized H reflex. The results of this study was as follows; M latency, M amplitude and H latency were no significant difference in all groups on repeated measured ANOVA(p>.05) but low rate CES and high rate CES groups were lower than ether group in comparative measurement of H amplitude and Hmax/Mmax ratio(p<.05). These results lead to the conclusion that spinal neuron excitability was influenced by CES. These results suggest that CES had the capability to lower spinal motor neuron excitability used synaptic blockade in spinal segment.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2017

This paper is concerned with the $Ces{\grave{a}}ro$ summability of Fourier series. Many authors have studied on the summability of Fourier series up to now. Also, G. H. Hardy and J. E. Littlewood [5], Gaylord M. Merriman [18], L. S. Bosanquet [1], Fu Traing Wang [24] and others had studied the $Ces{\grave{a}}ro$ summability of Fourier series until the first half of the 20th century. In the section 2, we reintroduce Ernesto $Ces{\grave{a}}ro^{\prime}s$ life and the meaning of mathematical history for $Ces{\grave{a}}ro^{\prime}s$ work. In the section 3, we investigate the classical results of summability for Fourier series from 1897 to the mid-twentieth century. In conclusion, we restate the important classical results of several theorems of $Ces{\grave{a}}ro$ summability for Fourier series. Also, we present the research minor lineage of $Ces{\grave{a}}ro$ summability for Fourier series.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1315-1325
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a closed endotracheal suction system(CES) on oxygen saturation, ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP), and nursing efficacy in mechanically ventilated patients. Method: This study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a University Hospital in Gwangju City. Data was collected from July to October, 2003. Seventy mechanically ventilated patients were randomly divided into two groups; 32 for CES and 38 for open endotracheal suction system(OES) protocol. Twenty one nurses were also involved to examine the nurses' attitude of usefulness about CES. Result: $SaO_2$ was significantly different between CES and OES. The incidence of VAP in CES was lower than that of OES. Nursing efficacy was related to time, cost, and usefulness of the suction system. Time of suctioning in CES was shorter than that of OES. CES also contributed significantly to lower the cost of treatment than OES. The usefulness score of CES increased after 6 months of use. Conclusion: CES prevented VAP, was cost effective, and a safe suctioning system. CES can be used with patients with sensitivity to hypoxygenation and with a high risk of VAP.