• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 1996

This study has been undertaken to evaluate hydrophobic cyclodextrin(CD) derivatives as a sustained release carrier of azidothymidine(AZT), AZT, which has potent activity against AIDS and AIDS-related complex as thymidine analogue, has been reported that it has significant toxicity and short half life. Therefore, it is necessary to design sustained release oral dosage form to avoid undesirable side effects attributable to an excessive plasma concentration and to reduce the frequency of administration of AZT. Inclusion complexes of AZT with $acetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(AC{\beta}CD)$ and $triacetyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(TA{\beta}CD)$ were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Interactions of AZT with CD were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) and Infrared Spectrophotometry(IR). The decreasing order of water solubilities of AZT and AZT-CD inclusion complexes were as follows; $AZT\;(27.873{\pm}0.015,mg/ml)\;>\;AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;(3.377{\pm}0.003)\;>\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(2.528{\pm}0.001)$. Partition coefficients of $AZT-AC{\beta}CD\;and;\AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ inclusion complexes were increased by 1.27-fold, 1.54-fold in pH 1.2 and 1.32-fold, 1.47-fold in pH 6.8 in comparison with that of AZT. The mean dissolution time (MDT, min) which represents the rapidity of dissolution rate of AZT, $AZT-AC{\beta}CD,\;AZT-TA{\beta}CD$ were 5.12, 14.02 and 19.38 min in pH 1.2 and 2.52, 15.19 and 18.19 min in pH 6.8. AZT was very rapidly and completely dissolved in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 within 5 minutes. But AZT-CD inclusion complexes showed the sustained release pattern in comparison with AZT alone. The simultaneous in situ nasal and jejunal recirculation study to compare the intrinsic absorptivity and the property of absorption sites revealed that the absorption of $AZT-TA{\beta}CD\;(N:35.35{\pm}1.08%,\;J:27.47{\pm}1.18%)$ was more than that of $AZT\;(N:16.89{\pm}2.25%,\;J:15.86{\pm}2.33%)$. The above results suggest that $TA{\beta}CD$ which is a hydrophobic cyclodextrin may serve as sustained release carrier with absorption enhancing effect.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1990

In order to determine the levels of trace elements in livestock products surveys have been conducted in Inchon area. The samples were obtained from cattle organs, swine organs, chicken organs, eggs and milk. The levels of nine harmful trace elements(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn) and three trace elements(Ca, Co, Na) were determined by ICP spectrometry, 1. In the survey on 9 harmful metals with 20 cattle, the highest level was 56.90ppm(Fe, liver) and the lowest level was 0.10ppm (Cd, muscle). 2. In the survey on 9 harmful metals with 31 swine, the highest level was 169.71ppm(Fe, lung) and the lowest level was 0.02ppm(Cd, heart). 3. In the survey on 9 harmful metals with 20 chickens, the highest level was 42.64ppm(Fe, liver) and the lowest level was 0.00ppm (Hg, entire organs). 4. In the survey on 9 harmful metals with 23 eggs, the highest level was 26.08ppm(Fe, yolk) and the lowest level was 0.00ppm (Hg, yolk and white). 5. In the survey on 9 harmful metals with 20 cases of milk, the highest level was 6.02ppm(Zn) and the lowest level was 0.04ppm(Cd). 6. In cattle the mean concentrations were highest in seven elements and in milk the mean concentrations were lowest in five elements.

• 디지털콘텐츠
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• 8호통권75호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1999

현재 웹 상에서는 많은 검색 엔진들이 존재한다. 최근에는 Yahoo나 Altavista와 같은 검색 엔진 이외에도 CD나 책 등 특정 도메인에 한정된 정보만을 찾아주는 전문 검색 엔진들이 늘어나고 있다. 쇼핑몰, 포탈 서비스 제공 사이트 등 대부분의 사이트에서 기본적으로 정보 검색 기능을 가지고 있다. 이는 정보 검색이 인터넷에 접속하는 사람들의 가장 큰 관심사가 되는 작업임을 입증한다. 이 글에서는 정보 검색 분야에서 에이전트 관련 기술들이 어떻게 적용되고 있는지를 알아보기로 하겠다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.154.2-154.2
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• 2016

In this work, we introduce a solution-processed CdS interlayer for use in inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, and compare this material to a series of standard organic and inorganic cathode interlayers. Different combinations of solution-processed CdS, ZnO and conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) layers were compared as cathode interlayers on ITO substrates to construct inverted solar cells based on $PTB7:PC_{71}BM$ and a $P3HT:PC_{61}BM$ as photoactive layers. Introduction of a CdS interlayer significantly improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted $PTB7:PC_{71}BM$ devices from 2.0% to 4.9%, however, this efficiency was still fairly low compared to benchmark ZnO or CPE interlayers due to a low open circuit voltage ($V_{OC}$), stemming from the deep conduction band energy of CdS. The $V_{OC}$ was greatly improved by introducing an interfacial dipole (CPE) layer on top of the CdS layer, yielding outstanding diode characteristics and a PCE of 6.8%. The best performing interlayer, however, was a single CPE layer alone, which yielded a $V_{OC}$ of 0.727 V, a FF of 63.2%, and a PCE of 7.89%. Using $P3HT:PC_{61}BM$ as an active layer, similar trends were observed. Solar cells without the cathode interlayer yielded a PCE of 0.46% with a poor $V_{OC}$ of 0.197 V and FF of 34.3%. In contrast, the use of hybrid ZnO/CPE layer as the cathode interlayer considerably improved the $V_{OC}$ of 0.599 V and FF of 53.3%, resulting the PCE of 2.99%. Our results indicate that the CdS layer yields excellent diode characteristics, however, performs slightly worse than benchmark ZnO and CPE layers in solar cell devices due to parasitic absorption below 550 nm. These results suggest that the hybrid inorganic/organic interlayer materials are promising candidates as cathode interlayers for high efficiency inverted solar cells through the modification of interface contacts.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2004

국내에서 재배되고 있는 약용버섯인 상황(P. baumii) 자실체의 열수 추출물로 부터 건강 기능성 식품 및 의약품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 항암실험 및 면역효과에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 PMO-P4의 경우 rDNA의 ITS부위의 염기서열 분석을 통한 계통분석결과 P. baumii로 판명 되었으며, PMO-P4 자실체로부터 열수 추출한 성분(HWE-P4)을 160mg/kg/day의 농도로 하여 Sarcoma-180 암세포를 유발한 마우스에 경구투여한 결과 A군의 경우, 종양억제효과는 35.3%로 대조군보다 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 생명연장 효과는 156%증가한 것으로 나타났다. 시료의 경구투여 방법에 있어서도 시료를 먼저 2주간 투여한 후 암세포를 접종한 A군의 경우가 시료 투여와 암세포 접종을 동시에 실시한 B군의 경우 보다 종양억제효과 및 생명연장효과가 높았음을 알 수 있었다. A군의 경우 대조군에 비하여 CD4/CD8의 비율이 71.4%증가 하였으며, CD25(IL-2receptor chain)분자의 발현을 5배정도 증가시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 P. baumii로 밝혀진 PMO-P4 자실체로부터 열수 추출한 성분의 항암효과는 암세포를 직접 공격하여 항암효과를 나타내기 보다는 T cell등의 면역세포를 활성화시킴으로써 암세포를 억제 혹은 사멸시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국키틴키토산학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.234-243
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 커피 생두의 활용성 증대 및 기능성 식품 소재로 개발하기 위하여 커피 생두를 80% 에탄올로 추출한 후 동결건조 및 분무건조를 실시하여 분말의 물리화학적 품질특성을 조사하였다. 수율은 동결건조 분말이 91.46%로 분무건조 분말(71.63~87.98%)보다 높았으며, 수분함량은 사이클로 덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조분말에서 1.39%로가장 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. 분무건조 분말의 색도는 동결건조 분말에 비해 L값, a값 및 b값이 전체적으로 증가하였으며, 입자크기는 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말에서 $54.23{\mu}m$로 가장 작게 나타났다. 수분흡수지수 및 수분용해 지수는 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말이 각각 0.51 및 90.07%를 나타내었다. 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말이 20.67 g/100 g 및 8.92 g/100 g을 나타내었으며, chlorogenic acid 함량은 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말에서 12.04 g/100 g을 나타내었다. 분무건조 분말의 DPPH 및 superoxide radical 소거활성은 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 각각 88.02% 및 86.89%를 나타내 가장 우수하였다. 폐 정상세포인 L-132 세포에 커피 생두 추출물 분무건조 분말을 처리하여 세포 사멸에 대한 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 모든 시료에서 농도의존적으로 세포생존률이 증가하였으며, 특히 사이클로덱스트린을 10% 첨가한 분무건조 분말에서 87.33%로 세포 활성이 증가하여 우수한 세포 보호효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2023

본 논문은 스퍼터링 장비를 이용하여 ITO 유리 기판에 CdTe 박막을 RF Power로 변화주면서 CdTe 박막을 증착하였다. 박막의 두께를 측정한 결과, 100W 일 때 1481Å, 150W는 2985Å, 200W는 4684Å로 측정되었다. 그리고 이동도는 100W일 때 8.43cm2/Vs, 150W는 7.91cm2/Vs, 200W는 6.57cm2/Vs로 측정되었다. 시편의 두께와 이동도는 반비례한 한다는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 투과율을 확인한 결과, 100W 일 때 905nm에서 투과율은 84%, 150W는 825nm에서 투과율이 71%, 200W는 874nm에서 77%로 측정되었다. 이것은 시편의 두께가 100W일 때 시편의 두께가 얇았으므로 투과율이 높게 측정되었다. 즉 투과율과 두께의 상관관계를 알 수가 있는 부분이다. RF Power를 변화주어 반치폭과 입자의 크기를 측정한 결과, 반치폭은 100W일 때 0.18, 150W는 0.19, 200W는 0.73으로 계산되었다. 입자의 크기는 100W에서는 8.47Å, 150W에서는 7.98Å, 200W일 때 가장 큰 8.7Å으로 형성된 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 반치폭과 입자 크기는 반비례하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1063-1067
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• 1997

This study was performed to assess the levels of the trace elements(Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Mn, Pb, and Cd) in salt-fermented fish products from some areas of the west coast in Korea. Seven samples were Shrimp(Seawoo-jeot), Clam(Jogai-jeot), Oyster(Orikul-jeot), big eyed horring(Bendeng-ie jeot), Mysis(Gonjeng-ie jeot), Hwangandali(Hwangsegi-jeot), and Squid, Han Chi(Han chi-jeot). They were ashed with ternary solution. After ashing the samples, the amount of trace elements in the samples were measured by ICP. The moisture content of the 7 samples before freezing dry were 68.36, 71.52, 81.19, 62.27, 71.30, 64.27, and 66.74%, respectively. Jogai-jeot and Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of moisture among the samples. Fe contents were 66.46, 309.10, 27.03, 23.01, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Fe among the samples. Cu contents were 4.60, 4.36, 3.75, 2.21, 10.36, 2.71, and 58.15ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cu among the samples. Zn contents were 16.02, 75.06, 37.43, 28.43, 132.45, 35.75, and 9.72ppm, respectively. Gonjeng-ie jeot contained the most amount of Zn among the samples. Cr contents were 0.80, 1.61, 0.84, 0.96, 1.12, 0.96, and 0.59ppm, respectively. Jogai-jeot contained the most amount of Cr among the samples. Co contents were 0.13, 0.54, 0.31, 0.46, 0.50, 0.63, and 0.35ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Co among the samples. Mn contents were 7.30, 10.69, 14.87, 4.12, 8.03, 2.94 and 1.54ppm, respectively. Origkul-jeot contained the most amount of Mn among the samples. Pb contents were 1.80, 4.30, 2.53, 4.61, 3.08, 5.04, and 2.74ppm, respectively. Hwangsegi-jeot contained the most amount of Pb among the samples. Cd contents were 0.005, 0.03, 0.06, 0.005, 0.01, 0.00, and 0.10ppm, respectively. Hanchi-jeot contained the most amount of Cd among the samples. This study is limited within 7 samples caught and producted from the some areas of the west coast in Korea. Therefore, I hope there will be broader experiments concerned with this study to make clear not only nutritional aspect(the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, and Mn) but also toxicological aspect(the contents of Pb and Cd).

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.237-244
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• 1991

$^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan has been evaluated not only the renal functional cell mass but also some anatomical structures at a loss of the renal parenchymal function. The author classified a renal morphology of the posterior image of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan as the groups of symmetric and asymmetric morphology, the groups of the large, normal and small sized kidneys, the groups of the central photon defects (PD) which could be noted in a dilated pelvocalyceal system due to obstructive uropathy and the cortical photon defects (CD) due to focal parenchymal lesions or scars after a loss of function and the last groups of the single and multiple CD for a suggestion of the clinical usefulness. Regarding to measurement of normal renal size, the longest size of the kidneys were evaluated with 5 cm of a lead scale on the posterior renal image, and those were decided to the limits beteen 104.1 and 119.4 mm as comparison with the renal size of intravenous pyelogram (IVP) in 59 cases who were underwent $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ and IVP concommitantly. Among 85 cases of PD in $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan, the 61 (71.8%) were cases of a dilated pelvocalyceal system related with obstructive uropathy, meanwhile the 28 (27.0%) of 162 cases with CD were cases of obstructive and infectious uropathy. The probability of a presence of some uropathy in cases of CD were 99.3%, meanwhile that of the presence of CD in cases of some uropathy were 37.9%. Besides, there were some specific anatomical findings such as polycystic kidneys with symmetric enlarged kidneys with multiple CD and the kidneys of chronic renal failure and/or hypertension with symmetric small size in $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal stan.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of Crohn disease (CD) in Korean pediatric patients. Methods: The medical records of 73 children diagnosed with CD were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including CD phenotype at diagnosis based on the Montreal classification, and clinical features and course of EIMs were investigated. Results: Fifty-two (71.2%) of the patients were males. The mean age of the patients was 12.5 years. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years. The disease location was ileal in 3 (4.1%) of the patients, colonic in 13 (17.8%), ileocolonic in 56 (76.7%). The clinical behavior was inflammatory in 62 (84.9%) of the patients, stricturing in 8 (11.0%), and penetrating in 3 (4.1%). Perianal abscesses or fistulas were found in 37 (50.7%) of the patients. EIMs observed during the study period were anal skin tag in 25 patients (34.2%), hypertransaminasemia in 20 (27.4%), peripheral arthritis in 2 (2.7%), erythema nodosum in 2 (2.7%), vulvitis in 1 (1.4%), uveitis in 1 (1.4%), and pulmonary thromboembolism in 1 (1.4%). Conclusion: Perianal diseases and manifestations were present in more than half of Korean pediatric CD patients at diagnosis. Inspection of the anus should be mandatory in Korean children with suspicious CD, as perianal fistulas, abscesses, and anal skin tags may be the first clue to the diagnosis of CD.