• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2021

Background: Although neuropathic pain is a severe and common pain, its pathophysiology has not been elucidated yet. Studies in recent years have focused on the immune system's role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immunological mechanisms in neuropathic pain and the effect of pregabalin by measuring immunological marker levels in peripheral blood before and after pregabalin treatment in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients with neuropathic pain. Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with PHN were included in the study. CD4, T follicular cells (Tfh: CD4⁺CXCR5⁺PD1⁺), Th17 (CD4⁺CCR6⁺ and CD4⁺IL17A⁺), regulatory T cells (Treg: CD4⁺ CD25⁺foxp3⁺), Th1 (CD4⁺ CXCR3⁺ and CD4⁺ IFN-γ⁺) and Th2 (CD4⁺ IL-4⁺) cell ratios were measured in peripheral blood samples before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. Results: When immunological marker and inflammation parameter levels were compared before and after treatment, the helper T cell ratio (CD3⁺, CD4⁺) was 30.28 ± 12.27% before treatment and 34.93 ± 11.70% after treatment, so there was a statistically significant increase (P = 0.028). Th17 was 4.75 ± 5.02% before treatment and 5.80 ± 3.13% after treatment, and there was a statistically significant increase (P = 0.036). Conclusions: Immunological mechanisms play an essential role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, immunologically based treatment approach will be the critical point of treatment.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by genetic variants of the cohesin complex. However, the diverse genetic etiologies and their phenotypic correlations in Korean patients with CdLS are still largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and genetic background of Korean patients with CdLS. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 15 unrelated patients (3 males and 12 females) genetically confirmed to have CdLS were retrospectively reviewed. All individuals were diagnosed with CdLS using target gene analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and/or chromosomal microarray analysis. The clinical score (CS) was calculated to assess disease severity. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 1.7 (range, 0.0-11.8) years, and median follow-up duration was 3.8 (range, 0.4-11.7) years. Eight (53.3%) patients showed classic phenotypes of CdLS, two (13.3%) showed non-classic phenotypes, and five (33.3%) had other phenotypes sharing limited signs of CdLS. Fifteen causative variants were identified: NIPBL in five (33.3%, including 3 males), SMC1A in three (20.0%), SMC3 in three (20.0%), and HDAC8 in four (26.7%) patients. The CS was significantly higher in the NIPBL group than in the non-NIPBL group (14.2±1.3 vs. 8.7±2.9, P<0.001). Conclusion: We identified the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of CdLS in Korean patients. Patients with variants of NIPBL had a more distinctive phenotype than those carrying variants of other cohesin complex genes (SMC1A, SMC3, and HDAC8). However, further studies are warranted to understand the pathogenesis of CdLS as a cohesinopathy and its genotype-phenotype correlations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 2005

폐유(肺兪) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)(AMCR-HA)이 정상 mouse와 알레르기 喘息이 유발된 mouse의 면역기전(免疫機轉)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 비교검토(比較檢討)하기 위하여 C57BL/6 mouse에 알레르기 천식병태(喘息病態)를 유발(誘發)하고 천식(喘息)이 유발(誘發)된 mouse와 정상 mouse의 폐유(肺兪) (BLl3)에 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)을 시술(施術)한 후, in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 통해 폐유(肺兪) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 천식억제(喘息抑制) 및 면역조절작용(免疫調節作用)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. in vitro 1. 폐내(肺內) 호립구(灝粒球), $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD23^+/B220^+$ 경포(絅胞) 비율은 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. in vivo 2. 폐의(肺) 질양(質量) 및 총 (總) 세포(細胞) 수 (數)는 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少) 하였다. 3. BALF내의(內) 총 (總) 임파구(淋巴球)와 호산구(好酸球) 수가(數) 유의성(有意性) 있게 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 조직학적(組織學的) 검사결과(檢査結果), collagen의 부착(附着)이 유의성(有意性) 있게 감소(減少)하였다. 5. BALF 및 serum 내 (內)IL-4, IL-5., IL-13, LgE 수가(數) 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 6. 폐내(肺內) $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+$, $CCR3^+$, $CD3e^+$, $CDl9^+$, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ 세포(細胞) 수가(數) 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 7. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 등의 mRNA 발현(發顯)이 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 8. AHCR-HR군(群)에서는 Normal군과(群) 비교하여 별다른 차이가 없었으며, OVA-Saline 군과(群) OVA-Needle-Prick군에(群)서는 OVA control군과(群) 비교하여 유의성(有意性)있는 변화를 관찰 할 수 없었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2008

Background: CD11c, also known as integrin alpha x, is one of the optimum markers of dendritic cells. However, the regulation of the CD11c expression in mouse has not been identified yet. In this study, in order to analyze the regulation of CD11c expression, the promoter of CD11c was cloned and characterized. Methods: To identify the promoter portion, various sizes of what are considered to be CD11c promoter fragments was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using mouse genomic DNA as a template. After sequence was obtained, these fragments were transfected into various cell lines including mouse dendritic cell lines such as JAWSII and DC2.4 and L929 as control cell line.. The promoter activity of three promoter fragments was measured and compared by luciferase activity in the transfected cells. Results: Three clones with size of 1kb, 3kb and 6kb were obtained from mouse genomic DNA. Flow cytometry analysis of JAWSII cells revealed that 52% of the cells expressed CD11c, which was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. On the contrary, L929 and DC 2.4 cells did not express CD11c. The CD11c+ JAWSII cells were enriched from 52% to 90% with cell sorter. The comparative luciferase activity analyisis demonstrated that the region responsible for tissue specific expression was contained within -3 kb and the clone with size of 3 kb particularly showed higher luciferase activity than 6 kb and 1 kb clones. Conclusion: The CD11c promoter region containing the region responsible for tissue specificity was successfully cloned and -3 kb region showed the highest activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2007

Objective : To investigate the effect of Samilshinkihwan(SISKW) on white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate. Methods : The test articles were dosed once a day for 14 days by gastric gavage at a dosage 1000, 500 and 250mg/kg/10ml of SISKW from 2 days after last MTX-dosing, and changes in body weight, spleen weight, total blood leukocyte numbers, total lymphocyte numbers, B and T lymphocyte ratio, CD3+CD4+, CD3+/CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the blood and spleen were measured. In addition, the serum interleukin (IL)-2 levels and the productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells were also demonstrated in this study. Results : The changes on body weight increased significantly in the 1000mg/kgof SISKW group. The changes on the spleen weight, the total blood leukocytenumbers, the total lymphocyte numbers in the blood and spleen, the ratio of T-cell in the blood and spleen and the ratio of CD3+CD4+ T-cell in spleen increased significantly in all SISKW groups as compared with the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells in blood increased significantly. The serum IL-2 levels and productivity of IL-2 of splenic cells increased significantly in 1000 and 500mg/kg SISKW groups as compared with the control group. Conclusions : Samilshinkihwanhas an effect of increasing immune responses, especially on cellular immune responses, in white rats with deteriorated immunity caused by methotrexate.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown that lung cancer stem cells express CD133 and that certain cancer stem cells express cancer germline antigens (CGAs). The transcriptional regulation of CD133 is complicated and poorly understood. We investigated CD133 and CGA expression in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Methods: The expression levels of CD133 and CGAs (MAGE-6, GAGE, SSX, and TRAG-3) were measured in an NCI-H292 lung cancer cell line. The methylation status of the CD133 gene promoter region was analyzed. The expression levels and promoter methylation statuses of CD133 and CGAs were confirmed by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (ADC). Results: After treatment with ADC, CD133 expression was no longer detected. MAGE-6 and TRAG-3 were detected before ADC treatment, while GAGE and SSX were not detected. ADC treatment upregulated MAGE-6 and TRAG-3 expression, while GAGE expression was still undetected after treatment, and only weak SSX expression was observed. GAGE expression was not correlated with expression of CD133, while the levels of expression of MAGE-6, TRAG-3, and SSX were inversely correlated with CD133 expression. Conclusion: These results showed that CD133 expression can be regulated by methylation. Thus, the demethylation of the CD133 promoter may compromise the treatment of lung cancer by inactivating cancer stem cells and/or activating CGAs.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.81-114
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.69-93
• /
• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to this condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis (AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results In vivo, clinical skin severity score was significantly lower in the KKHS group than in the control group. IgE, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum decreased remarkably in the KKHS group than in the control group, and the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ production which is secreted from Th1 cell was increased by KKHS. After this experiment we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It results that the total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as much as normal state, and the level of $CD3^+CD69^+$ in isolated DLN and PBMCs were significantly decreased, and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by KKHS. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E), toluidine staining (mast cells marker). KKHS were very effective to the histological symptoms which are in dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ear thickness was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells (ILC) and plasma cells (PC) in DLN were also decreased. Conclusions KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effectiveness to the atopy dermatitis treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 1993

카드뮴 투여에 의해 급성중독 된 흰쥐의 간장과 신장에서의 MT합성양상을 검토하고져, 체중이 $60\pm{5g}$ 내외가 되는 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷을 이용하여, 4주간 기본식이로 사육한 후, Cd투여량 및 투여횟수에 따른 MT합성양상을 검토하였다. 즉, Cd투여량에 따른 실험에서는 체중 Kg당 0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5mg의 Cd를 24시간 간격으로 2회 복강 내에 투여하였으며, Cd투여 횟수에 따른 실험에서는 체중 Kg당 2.5mg의 Cd를 각각 0, 1, 2, 3, 4회씩 24시간 간격으로 복강내에 투여하였다. 두 실험 모두, 마지막 주사 24시간 만애 실험동물을 희생하여 혈액중의 hemoglobin과 hematocrit함량 측정과 간장 및 신장조직중에서의 MT합성양상을 관찰하였으며, 아울러 간장조직중에서의 -SH group함량을 측청하였다. 1) Cd 투여 농도에 따른 hemoglobin함량은 대조군에 비하여 체중 Kg당 2.5, 5.0mg의 Cd를 투여한 군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 hematocrit치는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 Cd 투여횟수를 증가시켰을 때는 모든 군이 대조군보다 감소되었으며 hermatocrit치는 3,4회 Cd 투여군에서 대조군보다 감소되었다. 2) 간종조직중의 MT합성은 2.5mg Cd/Kg of body wt.까지는 Cd투여농도에 비례하여 점진적인 증가를 하였다. 또한 Cd투여 횟수가 증가됨에 따라 간장 MT합성은 비례하여 증가하였다. 두 실험 모두에서 신장조직중의 MT합성량은 간장조직에서보다 합성량은 적었지만 그 경향은 비슷하였다. 3) 간장에 대한 신장내에서의 MT합성비율은 투여횟수가 증가함에 따라, 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 4) Cd투여농도에 따른 간조직중의 -SH group 함량은 대조군에 비해 체중 Kg당 2.5, 5.0mg Cd투여군에서 유의적인 증가를 하였으며, Cd 투여 횟수의 증가에 따라서는 모든 군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 증가되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 1990

도시생활하수의 처리에서 생산된 물질인 sludge를 토양개량제로 토양에 처리하여 재배한 식물체중 Cd 및 Zn의 흡수 축적되는 정도를 비교분석하기 위하여, sludge를 0. 22.5, 45.0, 90.0t $ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 토양에 처리하고 쪽파, 무우, 감자, 배추 등 4종의 작물을 pot 재배하여 각 식물체 부위별 Cd 및 Zn 농도를 분석하고 토양중에서 의 이들 중금속 농도의 증가 요인과 식물체중의 Cd 및 Zn함량 증가와의 관계를 통계분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시작물체 중의 Cd 및 Zn 함량은 sludge 처리량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 2. 공시작물 뿌리중의 Cd 및 Zn함량도 sludge 처리량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며 쪽파>감자>배추>무우순으로 증가하였다. 3. 작물별 잎중의 Cd 함량은 쪽파>무우>감자>배추 순으로 증가하였고 Zn 농도는 배추>감자>무우>양파 순으로 증가하였다. 4. 식물체 부위별 Cd농도가 가장 낮았던 부위는 감자의 괴경, 무우뿌리, 배추잎으로 그 범위가 0.03-0.12ppm 이었다. 5. Sludge 90.0t $ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 토양에 처리하여 재배한 식물체 중의 Cd함량은 부위에 따라 원토양에서 재배한 식물체중 함량의 1.2-10배까지 흡수축적 되었고, Zn함량은 0.4-2.3배 증가하였다 6. Sludge처리에 의한 Cd 및 Zn농도 증가에 대한 식물체 부위 중의 흡수 축적율은 쪽파의 뿌리에서 Cd의 경우를 제외하고는 거의 일정하였다.