• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of stcclmaldng slag and sludge in removing metals existing in wastewater or leachate. Laboratory experiments were performed as a function of initial concentration of metals. pH a and temperature of the background solution and the presence of che1ating agent, EDTA. The test conditions were temperatures r ranging from $25^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$; initial concentrations varying from 5mg/L to 50 mg/L; pH between 3 and 11; and Cu. Cd‘ and Pb a as adsorbates. The results of tests showed that overall rates of metals removal were 20~30% at pH 3 and greater than 90% at p pH 7 and 11. Metals were removed from the solution predominantly via adsorption in acidic conditions, and the combined e effects of adsorption and precipitation in neutral and alkaline conditions. In view of the test results and other engineering c characteristics of steelmaking slag and sludg$\xi$, these industrial by-products from steel industry have a high potential to be used l in wastewater treatment and are particularly beneficial when used as landfill liner additives due to thelJ ability to remove heavy m metals from leachate.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.52
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• pp.336.1-336.12
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• 2018

Background: We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 ($FOXP3^+$) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-$ROR{\gamma}t$ antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Results: $FOXP3^+$ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. $ROR{\gamma}t^+$ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 ($9.6{\pm}1.5$ vs. $12.7{\pm}3.0$), IL-21 ($14.9{\pm}1.5$ vs. $26.4{\pm}9.1$), IL-33 ($14.3{\pm}0.9$ vs. $19.1{\pm}5.3$), and $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($15.2{\pm}5.9$ vs. $50.2{\pm}42.4$) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 ($119.1{\pm}79.6$ vs. $52.9{\pm}39.1$) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A ($64.2{\pm}17.2$ vs. $28.3{\pm}10.0$) and IL-22 ($37.5{\pm}8.8$ vs. $27.2{\pm}3.7$) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased $FOXP3^+$ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.267-271
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• 1997

Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is posulated to occur in granulosa cells in ovarian follicular atresia. bcl-2 gene serves as protector from apoptosis and, thus, is associated with increased cell survival. TRPM-2 gene expression has been implicated as a trigger of apoptosis in rat prostate, uterus and mammary gland. Our objective was to determine if bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are expressed in luteinized human GC and, therefore, have regulatory functions for apoptosis in GC. Human GC were obtained via oocyte retrival from the infertile patients stimulated with exogeneous gonadotropins while undergoing IVF. GC were isolated from follicular fluid using Percoll gradient centrifugation. The GC were further purified with anti-CD45 magnetic beads to remove contaminating WBC's. RT-PCR were performed to analyze the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and TRPM-2 in the GC. The PCR primers were designed to amplify a 195 bp fragment of bcl-2 and a 174 bp fragment of TRPM-2. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 4% agarose gel. Three separate experiments indicated that both bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are concurrently expressed in human GC. We cultured granulosa cells with FSH (1 ng/ml) for 1 day to investigate the relative changes of TRPM-2 mRNA level with RNAse protection assay. When we cultured GC with serum free medium for 1 day TRPM-2 mRNA level increased with 1.3 fold, however it was decreased 0.64 fold with FSH. Therefore we conclude that bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are concurrently expressed and that the interaction of their products may be involved in GC apoptosis. And TRPM-2 may be regulated with FSH.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.585-590
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• 2003

Activity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of the whole plants of Sida acuta using a bioassay based on the induction of quinone reductase (OR) in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells, led to the isolation of ten active compounds of previously known structure, quindolinone (1), cryptolepinone (2), 11-methoxyquindoline (3), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), vomifoliol (5), loliolide (6), 4-ketopinoresinol (7), scopoletin (8), evofolin-A (9), and evofolin-B (10), along with five inactive compounds of known structure, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, ($\pm$)-syringaresinol, and vanillic acid. These isolates were identified by physical and spectral data measurement. A new derivative of quindolinone, 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Of the active substances, compounds 1-3 and 1a exhibited the most potent QR activity, with observed CD (concentration required to double induction) values ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 $\mu$ g/mL. Six compounds were then evaluated in a mouse mammary organ culture assay, with cryptolepinone (2), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), and 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) found to exhibit 83.3, 75.0, and 66.7% inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesions, respectively, at a dose of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1052-1062
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• 2011

Residual of heavy metals originated from abandoned metal mines in agricultural field can cause adverse effect on ecosystem and eventually on human health. For this reason, remediation of heavy metal contaminated agriculture field is a critical issue. In this study, five different amendments, agriculture lime, dolomite, steel slag, zeolite, and compost, were evaluated for stabilization efficiency of heavy metals in agricultural field. Applied mixing ratio of amendments was varied (2% or 6%) depending on properties of amendments. Result showed that soil pH was increased compared to control (6.1-6.7) after mixing with amendments and ordered as dolomite (7.2~8.3) > steel slag (6.7~8.1) > agriculture lime (6.6~7.4) > zeolite (6.2~6.9) > compost (6.1~7.1). Among other amendments, agriculture lime, steel slag, and dolomite showed the highest stabilization efficiency of heavy metals in soil. For Cd, stabilization efficiency was 49~72%, 51~83%, and 0~36% for agriculture lime, steel slag, and dolomite respectively. In case of Pb, 43~64, 37~73%, and 51~73% of stabilization efficiency was observed for agriculture lime, steel slag, and dolomite respectively. However, minimal effect of heavy metal stabilization was observed for zeolite and compost. Based on result of this study, amendments that can increase the soil pH were the most efficient to stabilize heavy metal residuals and can be adapted for remediation purpose in agricultural field.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.63.1-63.14
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• 2021

Background: Recently, mesenchymal stem cells therapy has been performed in dogs, although the outcome is not always favorable. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) matching between the donor and recipient in vitro. Methods: Canine adipose-derived MSCs (cA-MSCs) isolated from the subcutaneous tissue of Dog 1 underwent characterization. For major DLA genotyping (DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two dogs (Dogs 1 and 2) were analyzed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The cA-MSCs were co-cultured at a 1:10 ratio with activated PBMCs (DLA matching or mismatching) for 3 days and analyzed for immunosuppressive (IDO, PTGS2, and PTGES), inflammatory (IL6 and IL10), and apoptotic genes (CASP8, BAX, TP53, and BCL2) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results: cA-MSCs were expressed cell surface markers such as CD90⁺/44⁺/29⁺/45^- and differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. According to the Immuno Polymorphism Database, DLA genotyping comparisons of Dogs 1 and 2 revealed complete differences in genes DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1. In the co-culturing of cA-MSCs and PBMCs, DLA mismatch between the two cell types induced a significant increase in the expression of immunosuppressive (IDO/PTGS2) and apoptotic (CASP8/BAX) genes. Conclusions: The administration of cA-MSCs matching the recipient DLA type can alleviate the need to regulate excessive immunosuppressive responses associated with genes, such as IDO and PTGES. Furthermore, easy and reliable DLA genotyping technology is required because of the high degree of genetic polymorphisms of DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1 and the low readability of DLA 88.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The content of the information age does not simply convey content but includes all the transactions that arise from its interaction. The types and forms of information being traded through this interaction are recognized differently from the contents that have been passed on to mankind so far by creating new meaningful content. Because the distribution of interactive content transcending the concept of time-to-time in the network environment is an important component of access to added value in the new world, unlike the content of simple concepts seen in the products of communication so far. In this study, the purpose of this study is to recognize the current status and problems of the Korean digital content industry and to seek ways to revitalize the Korean digital content industry to lead the global market in the future. Specifically, first, we want to learn about the concept of digital content. Second, we would like to look at the industrial trends of digital content at home and abroad. Third, we present a plan to streamline digital content. Fourth, derive research results and implications. In this work, the following results are derived: First, in order for Korea to enter a digital content powerhouse, each government department must first break away from the selfishness of the ministry and actively cooperate to efficiently establish and implement various policies. Second, e-books should be introduced just as current paper and CD-ROM titles are exempt from VAT, and security solutions, related technology development, and copyright issues should be urgently addressed to revitalize the market. Third, the demand for high-quality content should increase as information infrastructure such as high-speed information and communication networks and satellite broadcasting is established.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2023

Although glutathione (GSH) has been shown to play an important role in the prevention of oxidative damage as an antioxidant, studies on immune regulation by it have not been properly conducted. In this study, we investigated whether luthione^®, a reduced GSH, has an immune enhancing effect in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The results of flow cytometry and immunofluorescence experiments indicated that luthione increased phagocytic activity, a representative function of macrophages, compared to the control cells. According to the results of the cytokine array, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-1β, and IL-27 was significantly increased in the luthione-treated cells. Luthione also enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β through increased expression of their proteins, and increased release of the immune mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ was associated with increased expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, the expression of cluster of differentiation 86, an M1 macrophage marker, was dramatically enhanced in RAW 264.7 cells treated with luthione. Furthermore, as a result of heat map analysis, we found that cytokine signaling 1/3-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription/Janus tyrosine kinase signaling pathway was involved in the immunomodulatory effect by luthione. In conclusion, our data suggested that luthione could act as a molecular regulator in M1 macrophage polarization and enhance immune capacity by promoting macrophage phagocytic function.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.69-95
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• 2023

In order to evaluate the effects of ARG sources (arginine [ARG] and Guanidinoacetic acid [GAA]) and phenylalanine (PHE) supplementation on performance, susceptibility to ascites, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in the cold-stressed broilers fed a canola meal (CM)-based diet, a 2×2 factorial experiment with four treatments was conducted. The dietary treatments included CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG, CM-based diet + 2.57 g/kg ARG + 1.5 g/kg PHE, CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA and CM-based diet + 1.8 g/kg GAA + 1.5 g/kg PHE. The corn-CM diet without supplementation was used as a negative control (NC) group in the fifth treatment that excluded the factorial arrangement. The results showed that adding ARG to diets without PHE supplement increased (p < 0.05) feed intake. Also, birds fed diets containing ARG had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) compared to those fed GAA added diets. Supplementation of PHE improved (p < 0.05) the FCR compared to groups fed diets without added PHE. Further, ARG addition increased (p < 0.05) plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentration, carcass, breast and leg yields, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) to crypt depth (CD, and dry matter digestibility, while decreasing (p < 0.05) ascites mortality and right ventricle (RV) to total ventricle (TV) ratio compared to GAA added groups. Supplementation of PHE also declined susceptibility to ascites by reducing (p < 0.01) RV to TV ratio while increasing (p < 0.05) plasma NO level. The digestibility of ether extract also increased (p < 0.05) in broilers fed GAA supplemented diets versus those fed ARG added diets. The findings suggested that ARG may improve BWG and lower ascites incidence in broilers fed a diet based on CM under cold stress because of its antihypertensive effects. Moreover, the findings of this study demonstrated the importance of including PHE formulation in ARG-deficient diets to attenuate the adverse effects of cold stress on broilers. It was also concluded that GAA could be efficaciously used in cold-stressed broilers fed an ARG-deficient diet.