• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For locally advanced HCSCC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) benefits HCSCC patients in terms of better survival and loco-regional control. In this study, we evaluated changes in oral microbiota in patients, who received CCRT for head and neck cancer. Oral rinsed samples were weekly collected before and during CCRT and at 4 weeks following treatment from HNSCC patients, who had received 70 Gy of radiation delivered to the primary sites for over 7 weeks and concurrent chemotherapy. Oral microbiota changes in three patients were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using 16S rRNA 454 pyrosequencing. On an average, 15,000 partial 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from each sample. All sequences fell into 11 different bacterial phyla. During early CCRT, the microbial diversity gradually decreased. In a patient, who did not receive any antibiotics during the CCRT, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phylum. During the early CCRT, proteobacteria gradually decreased while Firmicutes increased. During the late CCRT, firmicutes gradually decreased while Bacteroides and Fusobacteria increased. In all the patients, yellow complex showed a gradual decrease, while orange and red complex showed a gradual increase during the CCRT. At 4 weeks after CCRT, the recovery of oral microbiota diversity was limited. During CCRT, there was a gradual increase in major periodontopathogens in association with the deterioration of the oral hygiene. Henceforth, it is proposed that understanding oral microbiota shift should provide better information for the development of effective oral care programs for patients receiving CCRT for HNSCC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2019

Purpose: It is unclear whether adding concurrent chemotherapy (CT) to definitive radiotherapy (RT) following induction CT is a tolerable and cost effective treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients aged 70 years or older with comorbidities. This study evaluated the actual clinical outcomes between concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and RT alone following induction CT or not in patients (≥70 years) in a single institution's clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A total of 82 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Their treatment tolerance and clinical outcomes such as overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRR), treatment toxicities and distant metastasis (DM) were evaluated. Early mortality rates were also evaluated as 4-month mortality after RT. Results: Fifty-four patients received CCRT and 28 patients received RT alone. Induction CT before RT was performed for 68.5% and 50.0% in CCRT and RT alone groups. Treatment tolerance was significantly worse in CCRT (p = 0.046). The median survival was 21.1 and 18.1 months for CCRT and RT alone, which was not statistically significant. LRR and DM were also not different. Most early deaths after CCRT were attributed to non-cancer-related mortality. Acute esophagitis of grade ≥2 occurred more following CCRT (p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of ≥5 and a weight loss of ≥5% after RT were associated with poor OS. The factors adversely affecting 4-month survival were a CCI of ≥5 and CCRT. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in OS, LRR, and DM between CCRT and RT alone treatment in elderly patients. However, there was a poorer tolerance and higher incidence of acute esophagitis in the CCRT group. Specifically, when the patients had a CCI of ≥5, RT alone seems to be reasonable with a low probability of early death.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2010

목적: 방사선치료 단독요법 또는 동시항암화학방사선치료(concurrent chemoradiation therapy, CCRT)를 시행한 코인두암 환자들의 장기 추적결과를 바탕으로 생존율 재발양상 부작용 및 예후인자를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1981년 12월부터 2006년 12월까지 코인두암으로 진단받고 고려대학교의료원 방사선종양학과에서 방사선치료를 시행한 190명의 환자를 대상으로 분석하였다. 연령은 8세부터 78세(중앙값 49세) 이었으며, 성별은 남자가 141명, 여자가 49명이었다. 조직학적 분류는 각질화암이 10명 비각질화암이 166명, 기저양평편상피암이 1명이었다. American Joint Committee on Cancer 병기 I이 7명(3.6%), IIA 8명 (4.2%), IIB 33명(17.4%), III 82명(43.2%), IVA 31명(16.3%), IVB 29명 (15.3%)이었으며, 방사선치료 단독요법으로 치료한 환자는 103명이었고, CCRT를 시행한 환자는 87명이었다. 원발병소에 조사된 방사선량은 일일 선량 1.8~2.0 Gy, 총선량 66.6~87 Gy, 중앙값 72 Gi 였다. 생존율, 예후인자 및 부작용에 대하여 후향적으로 분석하였고 급, 만성 부작용 평가는 Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 분류법을 이용하였다. 결과: 190명 중 184명(96.8%)이 계획된 치료를 마쳤으며 방사선치료 기간은 19~88일(중앙값 63일)이었다. 전체 환자의 추적관찰기간은 2~2787개월로 평균 73개월 중앙값 52개월 이었다. 93명(48.9%)의 환자에서 재발이 발생하였는데 국소재발이 44명(23.2%), 림프절재발 13명(6.8%), 원격전이가 49명(25.8%)이었고 원격전이 부위는 뼈, 폐, 간 전이가 각각 23, 18, 12명이었다. 5년 및 10년 전체 생존율(overall survival rate, OS)은 각각 55.6%, 44.5%이었고, 중앙값 52개월이었다. 무병생존율 (disease-free survival rate, DFS)은 5년, 10년이 각각 54.8%, 51.3%이었고, 질병특이생존율(disease-specific survival rate, DSS)은 5년, 10년이 각각 65.3%, 57.4%이었다. 단변량분석에서 CCRT를 받은 환자, 젊은 연령, 여성이 OS, DFS 및 DSS가 유의하게 높았고, CCRT를 시행한 환자와 기간이 짧았던 환자에서 유의하게 원격전이가 적었다. 다변량분석에서는 CCRT를 받은 환자, 여성에서 OS, DFS 및 DSS가 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, 국소재발에는 성별, 원격전이에는 CCRT시행여부가 영향을 미친 요인으로 나타났다. 방사선치료 도중 발생한 부작용으로 3등급 이상의 점막염 혈액학적 부작용은 각각 42명(22.1%), 18명(9.5%)이었고, 치료기간이 연장된 환자가 59명이었다. 항암화학치료를 병용한 환자에서 통계적으로 의미 있게 부작용 발생빈도가 높았으나 치료기간의 연장에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 추적관찰 기간 동안 3등급 이상의 청력장애, 턱관절장애가 각각 9, 6예가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과, CCRT를 시행한 환자, 여성, T-병기, N-병기 및 연령이 낮은 환자에서 생존율의 향상이 있음을 확인하였다. CCRT를 했을 때 생존율 향상과 원격전이율 감소를 보여 항암화학치료의 역할을 확인할 수 있었으나 항암화학치료의 동시병용이 반드시 국소 및 영역제어율의 향상을 가져오는 것은 아니었다. 따라서 CCRT의 부작용을 감안할 때 세기조절방사선치료(intensity modulated radiation therapy)와 같은 치료에서 각 치료 방법의 역할과 기여도에 대한 비교 연구가 향후 시행되어야 할 것이다.차이를 보이지 않았다. 추적관찰 기간 동안 3등급 이상의 청력장애, 턱관절장애가 각각 9, 6예가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과, CCRT를 시행한 환자, 여성, T-병기, N-병기 및 연령이 낮은 환자에서 생존율의 향상이 있음을 확인하였다. CCRT를 했을 때 생존율 향상과 원격전이율 감소를 보여 항암화학치료의 역할을 확인할 수 있었으나 항암화학치료의 동시병용이 반드시 국소 및 영역제어율의 향상을 가져오는 것은 아니었다. 따라서 CCRT의 부작용을 감안할 때 세기조절방사선치료(intensity modulated radiation therapy)와 같은 치료에서 각 치료 방법의 역할과 기여도에 대한 비교 연구가 향후 시행되어야 할 것이다

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7315-7319
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• 2015

Objectives: The study analyzed and compared the long term outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative and postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 105 patients with stage T3-T4 or regional lymph node positive adenocarcinoma of rectum treated with preoperative or postoperative CCRT at Ramathibodi Hospital during 2005 to 2010 was performed. The results of treatment were reported with 5-year overall survival (OS), 5-year locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS), and toxicity according to preoperative versus postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) groups. Results: Among 105 patients, 34 (32%) were treated with preoperative CCRT and 71 (68%) with postoperative CCRT. At the median follow-up time of 50.5 months (range 2-114 months), five-year OS and LRFS of all patients were 87% and 91.6%, respectively. The study found no difference in 5-year OS (81.7% vs 89.2 %) or LRFS (83.4% vs 95.1%) between preoperative versus postoperative CCRT. Seven cases of loco-regional recurrence were diagnosed, 4 (11.8%) after preoperative CCRT and 3 (4.2%) after postoperative CCRT. The recurrent sites were anastomosis in all patients. There was no significant factor associated with outcome after univariate and multivariate testing. Grade 3 or 4 acute and late complications were low in both preoperative and postoperative CCRT groups. Conclusions: Locally advanced rectum cancer patients experience good results with surgery and adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

Concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) has played the most important and central role in the definitive therapy for the patients with locoregionally advanced stage nasopharynx cancer. The addition of induction chemotherapy (IC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) to CCRT have been widely accepted with the rationale of improving distant control in the clinical practices. This review article investigated the role of IC and AC based on 11 recent meta-analysis publications, and found that the clinical benefits obtained by the additional IC or AC to CCRT, at the cost of the increased risks of more frequent and more severe side effects, seemed not big enough. More intervention is not always better, however, less seems frequently good enough. The author would speculate that 'less is more' and would advocate CCRT alone as the current standard.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

Purpose: Our institution has implemented two different adjuvant protocols in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-CCRT) and sequential postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) followed by postoperative chemotherapy (POCT). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between the two adjuvant protocols. Materials and Methods: From March 1997 to October 2012, 68 patients were treated with CT-CCRT (n = 25) and sequential PORT followed by POCT (RT-CT; n = 43). The CT-CCRT protocol consisted of 2 cycles of cisplatin-based POCT followed by PORT concurrently with 2 cycles of POCT. The RT-CT protocol consisted of PORT followed by 4 cycles of cisplatin-based POCT. PORT was administered using conventional fractionation with a dose of 50.4-60 Gy. We compared the outcomes between the two adjuvant protocols and analyzed the clinical factors affecting survivals. Results: Median follow-up time was 43.9 months (range, 3.2 to 74.0 months), and the 5-year overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 53.9%, 68.2%, and 51.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in OS (p = 0.074), LRFS (p = 0.094), and DMFS (p = 0.490) between the two protocols. In multivariable analyses, adjuvant protocol remained as a significant prognostic factor for LRFS, favouring CT-CCRT (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.506, p = 0.046) over RT-CT, not for OS (HR = 0.647, p = 0.229). Conclusion: CT-CCRT protocol increased LRFS more than RT-CT protocol in patients with completely resected NSCLC, but not in OS. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of CCRT strategy compared with sequential strategy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3511-3514
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or combined chemotherapy together with radiotherapy (CMT-RT) without surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (stage II or III) between January $1^{st}$, 2003 and December $31^{st}$, 2013 were enrolled, 48 treated with preoperative CCRT (Gr.I) and 36 with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CMT-RT) without surgery (Gr.II). The chemotherapeutic agents used concurrent with radiotherapy were either 5-fluorouracil short infusion plus leucovorin and/or capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil infusion alone. All patients received pelvic irradiation. Results: There were 5 patients (10.4%) with a complete pathological response. The 3 year-overall survival rates were 83.2% in Gr.I and 24.8 % in Gr.II (p<0.01). The respective 5 year-overall survival rates were 70.3% and 0% (p<0.01). The 5 year-overall survival rates in Gr.I for patients who received surgery within 56 days after complete CCRT as compared to more than 56 days were 69.5% and 65.1% (p=0.91). Preoperative CCRT used for 12 of 30 patients in Gr.I (40%) with lower rectal cancer demonstrated that in preoperative CCRT a sphincter sparing procedure can be performed. Conclusions: The results of treatment with preoperative CCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer showed comparable rates of overall survival and sphincter sparing procedures as compared to previous studies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2016

Purpose: To identify possible predictors of pathologic complete response (pCR) of rectal cancer after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 53 patients with rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CCRT followed by radical surgery at a single center between January 2007 and December 2012. The median radiotherapy dose to the pelvis was 54.0 Gy (range, 45.0 to 63.0 Gy). Five-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy was administered via continuous infusion with leucovorin. Results: The pCR rate was 20.8%. The downstaging rate was 66%. In univariate analyses, poor and undifferentiated tumors (p = 0.020) and an interval of ${\geq}7$ weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (p = 0.040) were significantly associated with pCR, while female gender (p = 0.070), initial carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of <5.0 ng/dL (p = 0.100), and clinical stage T2 (p = 0.100) were marginally significant factors. In multivariate analysis, an interval of ${\geq}7$ weeks from finishing CCRT to surgery (odds ratio, 0.139; 95% confidence interval, 0.022 to 0.877; p = 0.036) was significantly associated with pCR, while stage T2 (odds ratio, 5.363; 95% confidence interval, 0.963 to 29.877; p = 0.055) was a marginally significant risk factor. Conclusion: We suggest that the interval from finishing CCRT to surgery is a predictor of pCR after preoperative CCRT in patients with rectal cancer. Stage T2 cancer may also be an important predictive factor. We hope to perform a robust study by collecting data during treatment to obtain more advanced results.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2024

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treated patients experience various complications. We present a rare case of post-CCRT Bell's palsy and describe its various possible causes, so as to increase awareness among clinicians about Bell's palsy being a CCRT-associated adverse effect. The patient was a 48-year-old man diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma who presented with post-CCRT Bell's palsy. After radiotherapy for 6 weeks (overall 67.5 Gy) and four rounds of cisplatin chemotherapy, he complained of paralysis of the entire left face. A test was performed 33 days after the last CCRT session to differentiate Bell's palsy from other causative factors. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings, facial nerve invasion due to tumor size increase was determined to not cause Bell's palsy. Inflammation of the left Eustachian tube was observed. Hence, steroids and famciclovir were administered, which markedly improved the facial paralysis symptoms within 56 days after facial paralysis development. In conclusion, patients can develop Bell's palsy owing to complex effects of various CCRT mechanisms. Although the exact cause of Bell's palsy has not been identified and the effectiveness of drug treatment was questionable in this case, unlikely causative factors should be excluded through various tests and appropriate and timely measures must be adopted.