• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2022

The cellular communication network factor (CCN) family proteins regulate many biological events such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, placentation, implantation, and embryogenesis. The expression and function of CCN1, CCN2, and CCN3 at the maternal-conceptus interface are established in humans and rodents, but little is known about the role of CCN4 to CCN6 in the reproductive organs in any other species. Several studies in transcriptome analysis in pigs have shown that the expression of CCN4 and CCN6 increases in the endometrium during early pregnancy. However, their expression, regulation, and function in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy have not been fully understood in pigs. Thus, we determined the expression, localization, and regulation of CCN4 and CCN6 during the estrous cycle and at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. We found that the levels of CCN4, but not CCN6, changed during the estrous cycle. The levels of CCN4 were greater during mid- to late pregnancy than in the early stage, and the levels of CCN6 were greatest on Day 15 of pregnancy. CCN4 and CCN6 were detected in conceptus tissues during early pregnancy and in chorioallantoic tissues during the later stage of pregnancy. CCN4 mRNA was mainly localized to epithelial cells, CCN6 mRNAs to epithelial and stromal cells in the endometrium. In endometrial explant cultures, CCN4 expression was increased by progesterone, and CCN6 expression by interferon-𝛾. These results suggest that CCN4 and CCN6 may play roles in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy by regulating the endometrial epithelial cell functions in pigs.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1113-1120
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• 2021

콘텐츠 중심 네트워크(CCN)은 기존 위치(IP) 기반의 네트워크 방식을 콘텐츠 이름(Content Name) 중심의 네트워크 구조로 변모시킴으로써 네트워크 전반의 효율성을 높이고자 하는 시도이다. CCN에서는 네트워크 효율을 높이기 위해 라우터 저장공간을 활용한 캐싱을 수행하는데, 캐시 교체정책은 CCN의 전반적인 성능을 좌우하는 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 CCN 분야에서는 캐시 교체정책과 관련된 많은 선행 연구가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 CCN 기본 캐시 교체정책인 LFU를 개선한 실시간 생성자 인기도 기반의 캐시 교체정책을 제안하였다. 또한, 실험을 통해 제안한 캐시 교체정책이 대조군보다 우수함을 입증하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1527-1540
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• 2017

Recently, due to the rapid development of the internet, the production and demand of high capacity contents are rapidly increasing. In order to accommodate the changing trend of internet usage, researches on CCN, the future internet architecture, are actively being conducted. Mobility support is an important challenge in CCN real-time services, given that today's internet environment is changing to mobile and real-time services are increasing. In CCN real-time services, the mobility problem can be largely divided into consumer mobility, provider mobility, and intermediate-node mobility. Among them, when the intermediate-node moves in the CCN real-time services, the service disconnection occurs and the QoS degradation is caused. In this paper. we propose Intermediate-Node Mobility Support(INMS) to support the intermediate-node mobility in CCN real-time services. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme shows better performance than CCN in terms of service disconnection time and packet loss.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2017

CCN은 네트워크 성능을 개선하기 위하여 데이터 전송 구간 위에 위치한 네트워크 중간 노드들이 전송 중인 데이터를 임시 저장한 후, 이 노드들이 해당 데이터에 대한 요청 메시지를 수신하면 임시 저장된 데이터를 이용하여 요청 메시지에 직접 응답할 수 있도록 설계되었다. CCN은 네트워크 중간 노드들에 의해서 요청 메시지가 응답될 수 있기 때문에, 호스트 중신 네트워킹 기술보다 빠른 응답 시간 구현과 데이터 전송량 감소를 실현할 수 있다. 그러나 중간 노드를 활용하는 네트워킹은 데이터 수신자가 데이터 제공자를 확인할 수 없기 때문에 데이터 위조를 이용한 공격에 쉽게 노출될 수 있다. 그러므로 안전한 CCN 구현을 위해서는 수신된 데이터를 인증해야 한다. 그러나 데이터 인증은 CCN 기반의 서비스 지연을 발생시키는 주요 원인 중 하나가 되고 있다. 본 논문은 CCN 데이터 인증의 문제점을 분석하고, 효율적인 CCN 인증 구현을 위하여 개선된 인증 절차를 제안하고, 그 성능을 평가한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.64-75
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• 2018

CCN3 (also known as NOV, Nephroblastoma overexpressed) proteins are involved in various pathologies during different developmental stages. We have previously shown that intracellular levels and normal extracellular secretion of CCN3 are important for neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a single amino acid in the CCN3 TSP-1 domain is important for extracellular secretion and that palmitoylation of CCN3 is required in this process. However, the effect of abnormal CCN3 accumulation on cells remains to be studied. Here, we found mutations in the TSP-1 domain of CCN3 that led to intracellular accumulation and abnormal aggregation of CCN3. It was observed that this mutation resulted in a phenomenon similar to neurodegeneration when overexpressed in the developing mouse cortex. This mutation also confirmed the activation of apoptotic gene expression in Neuro2a cells. In addition, we confirmed the in vivo transcriptional changes induced by this mutation using microarray analysis. We observed a significant increase in the expression of Anp32a, an apoptosis-related gene. Collectively, these results indicate that a single mutation in CCN3 can lead to abnormal cell death if it shows intracellular accumulation and abnormal aggregation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2018

The CCN protein family is composed of six matricellular proteins, which serve regulatory roles rather than structural roles in the extracellular matrix. First identified as secreted proteins which are induced by oncogenes, the acronym CCN came from the names of the first three members: CYR61, CTGF, and NOV. All six members of the CCN family consist of four cysteine-rich modular domains. CCN proteins are known to regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, CCN proteins are associated with cardiovascular and skeletal development, injury repair, inflammation, and cancer. They function either through binding to integrin receptors or by regulating the expression and activity of growth factors and cytokines. Given their diverse roles related to the pathology of certain diseases such as fibrosis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and cancer, there are many emerging studies targeting CCN protein signaling pathways in attempts to elucidate their potentials as therapeutic targets.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.721-729
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• 2016

CCN(Content-Centric Network) enables users to retrieve content using the content's name. Researchers face critical challenges in terms of mobility. Since the routing information is part of the content name, when the provider moves, it is necessary to update all the routers routing information. However, this requires significant costs. In this paper, we propose PNPCCN(Proactive Neighbor Pushing CCN), considering the popularity and rarity of mobility support, for providers in CCN environments. Via simulation studies, we demonstrate that our solutions are effective in terms of shorter numbers of retransmitted Interest packets, and average download times and higher delivery ratios during mobility.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1438-1446
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• 2019

Recently, the number of mobile users as well as high-speed Internet user has been increasing rapidly. Moreover, traffic is growing fast as services that provide real-time content such as Youtube and Netflix become popular. The problem of traffic control in real-time content services is important because many people use cell phones to receive real-time content. In this regard, the field of CCN is currently being studied. We studied the mobility of nodes among CCN research fields. Node mobility can be divided into three categories : consumer mobility, intermediate node, and provide mobility. In this paper, we propose Mobility Node Support(MD-INS) to support the intermediate-node mobility in CCN real-time services. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme shows better performance than CCN in terms of service disconnection time and packet loss.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2015년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.262-265
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• 2015

차세대 미래 인터넷으로 관심을 모으고 있는 CCN은 ICN, CDN, NDN과 비슷한 개념으로 출발한다. 즉, 사용자가 관심을 가지는 데이터를 하나의 컨텐츠로 바라보고 네트워킹을 한다. CCN은 이러한 컨텐츠에 대해 요청 패킷을 보내면 컨텐츠를 가지고 있는 노드에서는 해당 패킷을 보내는 방식이다. IP 기반의 네트워크에서와 마찬가지로 CCN에서도 한정된 네트워크 대역폭에서 소비자에게 전송되는 패킷의 전송 시간에 따른 처리량 향상은 주요 관심사 중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 CCN에서의 CCN-Helper 프로토콜을 사용한 소비자의 다운로드 시간 감소 방법을 제안하여 생산자에서 소비자로의 패킷 전송 처리량을 향상시키고자 한다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.745-748
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• 1996

Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) was predicted using Cascade Correlation Network (CCN) model. CCN was suggested, by Fahlman and Lebiere [1990], to overcome the limitations of backpropagation algorithm such as step size problem and moving target problem. To test the applicability of CCN as a function approximator to the stock price movements, CCN was used as a tool for univariate time series analysis. The fitting and forecasting performance fo CCN on the KOSPI was compared with those of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP).