• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.278-282
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• 2013

This study was performed in 41 dogs with unilateral or bilateral medial patella luxation (MPL) and/or cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). These dogs were classified into 4 groups according to MPL grading system. Radiographic evaluation was performed for pelvis and stifle joint in the dogs. Norberg, inclination, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were measured and analyzed with MPL grading and the existence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The Norberg and inclination angle showed no differences between 4 grading groups and between CCLR and no CCLR groups. However, quadriceps and femoral varus angle were statistically different between grade 1, 2 and grade 3, 4 groups. They also have shown the statistical difference between CCLR and no CCLR group. Further studies for how these parameters affect the prognosis and the results of surgical treatment of MPL should be needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.342-344
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• 2007

This study was performed to report the signalment, history, and outcome of modified retinacular imbrication technique (MRIT) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs. Nine dogs (12 stifles) presented with chronic hindlimb lameness associated with CCLR. They were 7 males and 2 females. Six were Yorkshire terriers. Mean age was 8 years (range,2 to 14 years), and mean weight was 5.6kg (range, $1.8{\sim}19kg$). Three dogs had bilateral CCLR and six dogs had unilateral CCLR (2 left stifles and 4 right stifles). Nine stifles (8 dogs) had concomitant patellar medial luxation. Surgery was performed in eight stifles (5 dogs) and recovery rate of 100%. Three stifles (2 dogs) were underwent simultaneously femoral trochleoplasty. Mean time to the normal gait after surgery was 30 days. There were not postoperative complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 2015

This study measured the tibial plateau angle (TPA), a value that predicts cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and a prerequisite for dynamic stabilization, in small breed dogs. The cadavers of 32 skeletally mature small breed dogs without CCLR were used to measure TPA. Differences were evaluated between males and females, left and right limbs, and among breeds. The mean TPA of all dogs was $26.13^{\circ}{\pm}2.33^{\circ}$. The mean TPAs of left and right limbs were $26.00^{\circ}{\pm}2.23^{\circ}$ and $26.26^{\circ}{\pm}2.45^{\circ}$, respectively, which was not a significant difference. The mean TPAs of male and female dogs were $26.01^{\circ}{\pm}1.57^{\circ}$ and $26^{\circ}.22{\pm}2.80^{\circ}$, respectively, which was also not significant difference. The mean TPAs in Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, and Yorkshire terrier were $26.06^{\circ}{\pm}2.96^{\circ}$, $25.21^{\circ}{\pm}1.38^{\circ}$, $26.65^{\circ}{\pm}2.96^{\circ}$, and $26.27^{\circ}{\pm}1.61^{\circ}$, respectively. Differences in these means were not statistically significant. The TPA measured from this study could provide important information for further investigation of the pathogenesis of and surgical techniques for CCLR in small breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.366-369
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• 2017

A 30 kg, 6-year-old spayed female Samoyed dog was referred with a history of intermittent weight-bearing lameness in her right hindlimb for 3 weeks. The patient hadsurgery to correct a medial patellar luxation in the same limb 3 years prior. Based on the physical examination and radiographic findings, MPL and CCLR of the right hindlimb were diagnosed. Pre-surgical arthroscopy examination was performed, revealing a complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament, medial caudal meniscal tears and fibrotic cartilagechanges on the trochlear groove. An arthroscopy-assisted partial meniscectomy was used to repair themedial caudal meniscus. To correct the tibial plateau angle and medial patellar luxation, a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) was performed. A tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) was performed to realignthe quadriceps mechanism with the trochlear block recession followed by soft tissue reconstruction. The post-surgical recovery was uneventful, and the patient was weight-bearing with normal ambulation on the repaired limb. There were no complications, and the implants were well positioned at the last follow-up. The clinical outcome of the caseindicates that combining TPLO with TTTis a good surgical option for treatingconcurrent CCLR and MPL.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.483-489
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• 2014

This study describes a surgical technique and evaluates the clinical outcomes in small breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Seven skeletally mature dogs weighing less than 15 kg underwent unilateral TPLO to stabilize the stifle joint with CCLR. Clinical evaluation was performed via visual lameness score, range of motion (ROM), and thigh girth circumference (TC). Postoperative complications were recorded. All patients reached a grade 1 score at 1 week and grade 0 at 8 weeks postoperatively. The mean operated limb extension angle was 98.11%, 99.07%, and 98.73% of the mean extension angle of the contralateral limb at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. The mean operated limb flexion angle was 98.07%, 95.88%, and 96.35% of the mean flexion angle of the contralateral limb at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. The mean TC of the operated limb was 92.95%, 93.68%, and 95.44% of the mean TC of the normal limb at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Our outcomes for TPLO in small breed dogs are not worse than those previously reported for large breed dogs. Based on the result in the present study, CCLR in small dogs can be successfully managed with TPLO, as done in large breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

The center of rotation of angulation-based leveling osteotomy (CBLO) has been introduced for the stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in small-breed dogs. This technique can be applied to the tibia without damaging its tuberosity. Although different designs of CBLO plates are available, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plates have been still used for stabilization during CBLO. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have reported the effects of TPLO plates on the postoperative limb alignment after CBLO. Therefore, the present study (January 2020 to February 2021) aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes (postoperative tibial plateau angle [TPA] and tibial alignment) in patients receiving CBLO and TPLO plates during CBLO. Paired stifle joints (n = 16) were obtained from eight toy-breed cadaver dogs (mean weight, 4.4 kg) that underwent CBLO. The joints were randomly assigned to receive the CBLO (CBLO group) or TPLO plates (TPLO group). Pre-and postoperative radiographs were obtained, and the dissected tibiae were evaluated. The following postoperative parameters were compared to evaluate the surgical outcome: TPA, osteotomy location, mechanical medial proximal tibia angle, inter-segment gap, and tibial plateau translation. No significant differences were found in the postoperative alignment between the two groups. Therefore, TPLO plates may be considered as a viable alternative in toy-breed dogs undergoing CBLO.