• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine how the use of level D personal protective equipment (PPE) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) feedback equipment affects chest compression (CC). Furthermore, this study provides basic data for developing Korean CPR guidelines that can be applied to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This randomized, single-blinded, crossover simulation trial included 26 student paramedics who performed 2-minute chest compressions using three different methods: Method A involved performing traditional CC for two minutes without donning level D PPE, Method B involved performing CC while donning level D PPE, and Method C involved performing CC with a CPR feedback device while donning level D PPE. Results: The use of a CPR feedback device during the 2-minute CC increased the exercise intensity of the subjects, but donning level D PPE didn't affect the quality of CC and the exercise intensity. The results of methods A and B showed changes in the quality of compression 80 seconds after the start of CC. No significant changes occurred in 2-minute CC when using the CPR feedback device. Conclusion: Using a CPR feedback device could prevent deterioration in the quality of CC while donning level D PPE.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.2 s.98
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• pp.252-260
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• 2007

This study was performed to provide basic data for the operation of the sous vide cook-chill system(SVCC) by comparing and evaluating the quality of SVCC prepared foods to those prepared using the cook-chill system(CC). Foremost, the microbial risk was less and the food quality excellent when SVCC was used compared to CC, where changes in pH, Aw and moisture loss were less with SVCC. The CC and SVCC Aw value were 0.93 and 0.92 and 0.92 and 0.95 at 0 days and 15 days, respectively. Secondly, the microbial quality by storage days was relatively high with SVCC. The CC and SVCC viable cell and coliform counts were 4.43 and 4.37 LogCFU/g, and 4.53 and 3.60 LogCFU/g, respectively, by 15 days. Also, after reheating, the viable cell and coliform counts satisfide the standards applied in processed food(5.0 and 2.0 LogCFU/g respectively). Lastly, the sensory scores for SVCC were higher than those for CC. Thus, microbial and sensory qualities by days of storage were acceptable and overall quality satisfaction was better for SVCC than CC.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2012

Aquisition of accurate beam data is very important to calculate a reliable dose distribution of the treatment planning system for small radiation fields in intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS). For the measurement of small fields, the choice of a suitable detector is important due to the shape gradient in profile penumbra, the lack of lateral electronic equilibrium, and the effect of effective detector volume. Therefore, this study was to analyze the dosimetric characteristics of various detectors in measurement of beam data for small fields of linear accelerator. 0.01cc and 0.13cc ion chambers (CC01 and CC13) and a stereotactic diode detector(SFD) were used for measurement of small fields. The beam data, including the percent depth dose, output factor, and beam profile were acquired under 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Measurements were performed with the field size ranging from $2{\times}2cm^2$ to $5{\times}5cm^2$. For $2{\times}2cm^2$ field size, the differences of the ratios of $PDD_{20}$ and $PDD_{10}$ measured by CC01 and SFD detectors were 1.02% and 0.12% for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. For field sizes larger than $3{\times}3cm^2$, the differences of values of $PDD_{20}/PDD_{10}$ obtained from each detector were 1.15% and 0.71% for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. The output factors obtained from CC01 and SFD for $2{\times}2cm^2$ field size were within 0.5% and 1.5% for 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively. The differences in output factor of three detectors for $3{\times}3cm^2$ to $5{\times}5cm^2$ field sizes were within 0.5%. Profile penumbras measured by the SFD, CC01, and CC13 detectors at three depths were average 2.7 mm and 3.5 mm, 3.4 mm and 4.3 mm, and 5.2 mm and 6.1 mm for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, respectively. In conclusion, it could be possible to use of the CC01 and SFD detectors for the measurement of percent depth dose and output factor for $2{\times}2cm^2$ field size, and to use of three detectors for $3{\times}3cm^2$ to $5{\times}5cm^2$ field sizes. CC01 and SFD detectors, consider ably smaller than the radiation field, should be used in order to accurately measure the profile penumbra for small field sizes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3265-3269
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• 2016

Background: Around half of input data in the global burden of disease cancer collaboration (GBD-CC) and GLOBOCAN projects come from low quality sources, mainly from developing countries. This may lead to loss of precision in estimates. Our question was: Are the absolute values and trends of the GBD-CC and GLOBOCAN estimates for lung cancer (LC) in Iran consistent with available statistics?. Materials and Methods: Incidence and mortality statistics were extracted from national reports (N.IRs & N.MRs) and GBD-CC (GBD-incidence & mortality) and GLOBOCAN databases for 1990-2013 where available. Trends were analyzed and absolute values and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated and compared. Incompleteness of case ascertainment at the Iranian national cancer registry and Iranian national civil registration was assessed for better understanding. Results: Trends of N.IRs were significantly rising for males (APC: 19.4; 95% CI: 12.5-26.7) and females (23.2; 16.0-30.8). Trends of GBD-incidence were stable for males (-0.2; -1.5-1.1) and females (-1.0; -2.3-0.4). Absolute N.IRs were less than GBD-incidence steadily except for 2009. Trend of N.MRs was increasing up to 2004, but stable thereafter. Trends of GBD-mortality were also stable. Absolute N.MRs were less than GBD-mortality for years up to 2003 and more than GBD-mortality since 2005. The estimates of GLOBOCAN were more than N.IRs and N.MRs. Conclusions: The GBD-CC and GLOBOCAN values for LC in Iran are underestimates. Generation of data quality indices to present along with country specific estimates is highly recommended.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to study the growth performance, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in broiler starter chicks fed high levels of cholecalciferol (CC) at sub-optimal levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Five hundred and sixty day-old Vencobb female broiler chicks were housed in raised wire floor stainless steel battery brooder pens ($24"{\times}30"{\times}18"$) at the rate of five chicks per pen. A maize-soyabean meal basal diet was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell powder and synthetic CC to arrive at two levels each of Ca (0.50 and 0.60%), and NPP (0.25 and 0.30%) and four levels of CC (200, 1,200, 2,400 and 3,600 ICU/kg) in a $2{\times}3{\times}4$ factorial design. Each diet was fed ad libitum to chicks in 7 pens from 2 to 21days of age. Body weight gain, feed intake and bone weight increased (p<0.05) with increase in level of CC at both the Ca and NPP levels tested. The CC levels required to obtain significant improvement in body weight gain and feed intake reduced (2,400 ICU/kg vs. 1,200 ICU/kg) with increase in levels of P in diet (0.25% vs. 0.3%, respectively). The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (p<0.05) with increase in level of CC from 200 to 1,200 ICU/kg diet at 0.5% Ca, while at 0.6% Ca, the level of CC in diet did not influence the feed efficiency. Tibia mineralization (density, breaking strength and ash content) and Ca and P contents in serum increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of CC in diet. The CC effect on these parameters was more pronounced at lower levels of Ca and NPP (0.5 and 0.25%, respectively). The data on body weight gain and feed intake indicated that NPP level in diet can be reduced from 0.30 to 0.25% by increasing CC from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg. Similarly, the bone mineralization (tibia weight, density and ash content) increased non-linearly (p<0.01) with increase in CC levels in diet. Concentrations of P and Mn in excreta decreased (p<0.01), by increasing CC level from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg diet. It can be concluded that dietary levels of Ca and NPP could be reduced to 0.50 and 0.25%, respectively by enhancing the levels of cholecalciferol from 200 to 2,400 ICU/kg with out affecting body weight gain, feed efficiency and bone mineralization. Additionally, phosphorus and manganese excretion decreased with increase in levels of CC in broiler diet.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

Klotho functions as a tumor suppressor predominantly expressed in renal tubular cells, the origin of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Altered expression and/or activity of growth factor receptor have been implicated in ccRCC development. Although Klotho suppresses a tumor progression through growth factor receptor signaling including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), the role of Klotho acting on IGF-1R in ccRCC and its clinical relevance remains obscure. Here, we show that Klotho is favorable prognostic factor for ccRCC and exerts tumor suppressive role for ccRCC through inhibiting IGF-1R signaling. Our data shows the following key findings. First, in tumor tissues, the level of Klotho and IGF-1R expression are low or high, respectively, compared to that of adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma. Second, the Klotho expression is clearly low in higher grade of ccRCC and is closely associated with clinical outcomes in tumor progression. Third, Klotho suppresses IGF-1-stimulated cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. These results provide compelling evidence supporting that Klotho acting on IGF-1R signaling functions as tumor suppressor in ccRCC and suggest that Klotho is a potential carcinostatis substance for ccRCC.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.2 s.98
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• pp.261-269
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• 2007

This study was performed to provide basic data for the sous vide cook-chill(SVCC) System by comparing and evaluating food quality, according to preparation method and days of storage, of foods that were prepared by SVCC to those prepared using the cook-chill(CC) System. Boiled quail eggs and fish paste in soy sauce were prepared using CC and SVCC and their quality was evaluated at the time of preparation and by days of storage. Viable cell counts were increased to 5.65(CC) and 3.40(SVCC) LogCFU/g by 15 days(p<.0001) and increased more over time in foods prepared with CC than with SVCC. For the CC method, Coliform counts increased to 4.58 LogCFU/g by 15 days(p<.0001). With SVCC, colirorms were not detected at 0 days, but counts reached 3.70 LogCFU/g by 15 days(p<.0001). After reheating, no coliforms were detected for CC or SVCC at 0 days, however, by 15 days, coliform counts reached 3.61 and 2.52 LogCFU/g(p<.0001) for CC and SVCC, respectively. Finally, the sensory scores of SVCC were higher than those of CC.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2022

Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Variational AutoEncoders (VAE) have been applied to voice conversion that can make use of non-parallel training data. Especially, Conditional Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks (CC-GAN) and Cycle-Consistent Variational AutoEncoders (CycleVAE) show promising results in many-to-many voice conversion among multiple speakers. However, the number of speakers has been relatively small in the conventional voice conversion studies using the CC-GANs and the CycleVAEs. In this paper, we extend the number of speakers to 100, and analyze the performances of the many-to-many voice conversion methods experimentally. It has been found through the experiments that the CC-GAN shows 4.5 % less Mel-Cepstral Distortion (MCD) for a small number of speakers, whereas the CycleVAE shows 12.7 % less MCD in a limited training time for a large number of speakers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.343-346
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• 2005

유비쿼터스 시대의 도래로 인해 많은 IT업체는 유비쿼터스 핵심기술을 기반으로 발전하고 있다. 이러한 유비쿼터스 핵심기술의 상당부분은 무선통신기술 RF를 이용한 것이며 이를 활용하여 RFID 시스템 및 Ubiquitous Sensor Network 등을 구축할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이에 적합한 400/800MHz ISM/SRD 밴드대역을 사용하는 무선 트렌시버 단일 칩인 CC1020을 이용하여 하드웨어를 구성 하였다. CC1020칩을 사용하면 저전력, 고감도, 적은 주변회로 구성 등 많은 이점이 있으며 주파수원 고정과 필터링 및 전원공급상태 그리고 PC와의 interface등의 하드웨어를 쉽게 구현할 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 각 주변회로 구성에 대해 설명하고 실제 구현을 통해 DATA의 송수신실험을 통해 하드웨어의 특성을 확인 하였다.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-35
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• 2018

When REBCO coated conductors (CCs) are applied to superconducting devices such as coils and magnets, they are subjected to deformation in various modes such as compression/tension bending, uniaxial/transverse tension and torsion. Despite outstanding performances by REBCO CC tapes, their electromechanical properties have been evaluated primarily under uniaxial tension, therefore data about the critical current ($I_c$) response in the compressive strain region are lacking. In this study, the characteristic responses of $I_c$ in REBCO CC tapes under bending strains in the range from tensile to compressive were evaluated. The springboard bending beam was used, wherein the CC tape sample was soldered onto the surface of the springboard. A Goldacker-type bending test rig, which lacks a support holding the sample during testing, was used as a comparator. Degradation in $I_c$ behaviors, including strain sensitivity, in differently processed REBCO CC tapes were examined based on the test rig used.