• 디자인학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.401-418
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• 1994

구전이야기를 기원으로 하는 동화는 시대와 함께 많은 변화를 수용하며 오늘에 이르고 있다. 동화는 그 시대의 도덕관을 반영하며 어린이 교욱의 일면을 담당한다. 17세기 이후 프랑스에서는 고전작가들에 의해 구전이야기가 채집되고 어린이 문학장르가 정착되기 시작한다. 1697년에 빼로는 <교훈 붙인 \ulcornerx날이야기>를 출간하는데, <작은 빨간 모자>는 8편의 이야기 중 한편이다. 빼로는 이 이야기에 비유적인 암시를 첨가하여 여자 어린이에게 남자에 대해 주의할 것을 경고한다. 20세기의 사진작가 사라문은 일러스트레이션의 상징적 표현으로 이 주제를 표출해 주고 있다. 그녀의 일러스트레이션은 많은 의문점을 일으키며, 독자로 사고케 하여 문장의 감춰진 의미를 일깨워 준다. 그녀는 빼로의 교훈(Moralitez)을 삭제하고 침대사진으로 대치하며, 늑대는 자동차, 개, 그림자 등으로 표현한다. 사라 문의 일러스트레이션은 시대를 반영한 것으로서 조기 성교육의 근거를 마련하고 있다. 이제 일러스트레이터는 시대의 새로운 각색자로서 동화를 재탄생시키고 있는 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this clinical research was to investigate the effects of herbal cosmetics containing Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an ingredient compound of various herbs including Vespae Nidus, on the Whitening Effects. Methods: A total of 20 subjects who visited Pusan National University Hospital from March 2nd, 2017 to April 11th, 2017 were included. In this study, we evaluated the visual evaluation, the melanin index (M) and erythema index (E) through skin analysis equipment, the subjective whitening improvement analysis, and the adverse reaction according to product use. Statistical analysis was performed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney's U test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05) Results: As a result of the visual evaluation, it was effective in improving skin whitening. The subjective whitening improvement analysis also showed positive results. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the test and control cosmetics in the melanin index (M) and erythema index (E) through skin analysis equipment. In the safety evaluation, some adverse reactions were reported, but no significant were observed directly from cosmetics. Conclusions: Considering the above results, we have confirmed the possibility of herbal cosmetics containing containing CAPE of Vespae Nidus Extracts.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2004

Batch test methods have developed for a long time to measure kinetic and stoichiometric parameters which are required to perform steady state design and mathematical modelling of activated sludge processes. However, at various So/Xo ratios, abnormal behaviors of ordinary heterotrophic organism in batch tests have been reported in many researches. Thus, in this research, abnormal behaviors of heterotrophs in batch tests were investigated at various So/Xo conditions by measuring and interpreting oxygen utilization rate. As So/Xo ratio increased, the calculated values of maximum specific growth rates, ${\mu}_{H,max}$ and $K_{MP,max}$, increased. However, at a certain point of So/Xo (around 10mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), ${\mu}_{H,max}$ and $K_{MP,max}$ values started to decrease. According to this observation, three prominent behaviours of heterotrophs were identified at various So/Xo conditions. (1) At low So/Xo region (below 5 mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), the oxygen utilization rate of heterotrophs in batch tests were almost stable and consequently yielded lower maximum specific growth rate. (2) At high So/Xo region (up to 5~10 mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), oxygen utilization rate incresed sharply with time and indicated more upward curvature than the predicted OUR with conventional activated sludge model, which consists of single hetetrotrophs group. Thus, in this region, competition model of two organisms, fast-grower and slow-grower, seemed to be appropriate. (3) At extremely high So/Xo region (over 10mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), significant oxygen utilization rate was still observed even after depletion of readily biodegradable COD. This might be caused by retarded utilization of intermediates which were generated by self inhibition mechanism in the process of RBCOD uptake.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.188-203
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• 2010

This study purposed to identify the design and composition characteristics of mantle through a historical review of its change and development focusing on women's dress. This analysis was particularly focused on the Victorian age because the variety of mantle designs introduced and popularized was wider than ever since ancient times to the present. For this study, we collected historical literature on mantle from ancient times to the $19^{th}$ century and made comparative analysis of design and composition, and for the Victorian age we investigated also actual items from the period. During the early Victorian age when the crinoline style was popular, mantle was of A.line silhouette spreading downward from the shoulders and of around knee length. In the mid Victorian age from 1870 to 1889 when the bustle style was popular, the style of mantle was changed to be three-dimensional, exaggerating the rear side of the bustle skirt. In addition, with increase in women's suburban activities, walking costume became popular and mantle reached its climax. With the diversification of design and composition in this period, the name of mantle became more specific and as a result, mantle, mantelet, dolman, paletot, etc. were used. The styles popular were: it looked like half-jacket and half-cape. Ornaments such as tassels, fur, braids, rosettes, tufts and fringe were attached to create luxurious effects. In the late Victorian age when the hourglass style was in fashion, mantle returned again to plain design emphasizing the details of the shoulders. The results of this study are expected to present motives for the development of contemporary designs, to contribute to the new recognition of the value of mantles, and to open a new research area of clothing history.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2005

This study aims to establish the schematic plan for renewing canopied landscape of Garosoo-gil of Chongju and to review to conserving the resources of streetscape of the Garosoo-gil. The study reinterpreted the Garosoo-gil of tree canopied road, representing meanings and functions of the road with main traffics as well as the image of Chongju city achieved buffer zone for open spaces to city green network. The study relied on the present composition, the status of road trees and streetscapes; additionally, the present streets cape was performed with examinations of those factors, the composition of roadscape, the change of structure according to visitor's movement and road construction condition, which was composed with focused places on concerning the loss and demolition of trees by Garosoo-gil. According to the result, the streetscape could be prospected to decreasing the number of trees and changing the sceneries of streetscape. As a result, the dominant canopied streetscape was found three areas. The analysis could help to find a way to establish the schematic plan for making the streets cape be symbolized and take place identified and better festival events with greens. The study could not only suggest the place of the streetscape to be divided into conservation area and protection area, for tree canopy but also establish alternatives for making the Garosoo-gil be a beautiful street park and enduring for a better landscape of main entrance road.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2019

연안에서 해표면고도를 정확하게 측정하도록 특별히 설계된 SARAL/Altika위성에 의해 관측된 해류를 비교 검정하기 위해 2015년 3월부터 2년간 위성추적 뜰개가 동해 북부 해상에 투하되었다. 해표면 고도 측정 위치에서 반경 20 km 이내에 위치한 뜰개(30분 간격으로 GPS로 위치 관측)와 비교한 결과, 수심 200 m 보다 얕은 해역에서 외해와 유사하게 높은 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타나, 해류의 직접 관측이 어려운 동해 북부의 연안류의 시간 변동을 관측할 수 있게 되었다. 리만 해류는 일년 년중 시베리아 연안을 따라 남하하는 해류로 관측되었으며, 북한 한류는 여름철에만 남향하는 해류를 보였다. 북한 한류는 무수단곶 이남에서는 주로 남향류를, 무수단곶 이북에서는 무수단곶 근해에서의 에디 존재 유무에 의해 방향이 결정되는 것으로 연구되었다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2021

This study developed safety clothing that is essential for adolescent to protect their bodies from accidents, pursue activities and individuality. Therefore, the developed safety clothing was first based on international standards, while changing design to emphasize creativity, activity, and functionality. Two suits of boy's clothes and a girl's suit were developed as safety clothing for sportswear, along with two pairs of girl's clothes and a pair of boy's clothes for entertainment. It was confirmed that the difference in visibility was revealed by testing under different lighting conditions. Second, the survey on adolescents indicated no significant gender difference in sportswear. Round shirt+shorts for both boys and girls were the most preferred for ball game sportswear. However, there was a significant difference by gender in the design of safety clothing for entertainment. Male students preferred jump suit=cape+pants the most, and female students preferred jump suit>cape+pants in the order (p<0.05). In the safety clothes with the highest preference for entertainment, there was no gender difference. All students preferred the jump suit at the most. Checking at each school level, it was found that both middle and high school students preferred jump suit designs, and in safety clothing, middle school students preferred high-neck shirt blouse+tight skirt, and high school students preferred jump suits. Third, 35.5% responded that they would wear it more if current safety clothing is improved. This indicated the necessity of developing various safety clothing for adolescence.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2011

본 연구에서 돼지 PBMC에 t10c12-CLA 처리는 TNF-${\alpha}$생산을 증가시켰으나, LPS 자극 PBMC에서는 TNF-${\alpha}$생산을 감소시켰다. t10c12-CLA 처리는 PBMC의 inhibitory ${\kappa}B$ ($I{\kappa}B$)-${\alpha}$ 단백질 분해를 증가시키고 NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 활성 수준을 증가시켰다. 그러나 LPS 자극 PBMC에서는 상반되는 효과가 관찰되었다. 특히, LPS 비자극 PBMC에서 t10c12-CLA는 NF-${\kappa}B$ 저해제인 caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)를 처리한 경우 NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 활성 수준을 증가시켰으나 반대로 LPS로 자극한 CAPE 처리 PBMC에서는 NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 활성 수준을 억제시켰다. 이상의 결과는 t10c12-CLA가 돼지 PBMC에 있어 LPS 자극 유무에 따라 다른 효과를 가질 수 있으며, 이는 NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 활성도의 변화와 관련성이 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

Recently the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation attracts great interests as it may help disadvantaged rural people. Recognized the effect of the program to improve the rural landscape and economy, it has been suggested that the program of direct payment for rural landscape conservation should be expanded. This paper presents the measures and status of Environmental Stewardship, the direct payment program for landscape conservation in England, as following; 1) rural development policies in UK organized under EU, 2) measures and agreements for rural landscape management, 3) the statues of ES enforcement. We sampled a pilot farm, surveyed inside and outside landscape of the farm, and interviewed local government officers and farmers in order to find policy implication.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.403-406
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• 2012

Mobile phones work by transmitting and receiving radio frequency microwave radiation. The radio frequency (RF) emitted by mobile phones is stronger than FM radio signal which are known to cause cancer. Though research and evidence available on the risk of cancer by mobile phones does not provide a clear and direct support that mobile phones cause cancers. Evidence does not also support an association between exposure to radio frequency and microwave radiation from mobile phones and direct effects on health. It is however clear that lack of available evidence of cancer as regards the use of mobile phone should not be interpreted as proof of absence of cancer risk, so that excessive use of mobile phones should be taken very seriously and with caution to prevent cancer.