• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.453-469
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• 2019

청자 '순화4년'명 항아리는 굽바닥에 명문이 새겨져 용도와 사용처, 제작자를 알 수 있는 등 초기 청자의 제작 정황을 보여주는 중요한 편년자료이다. 청자 항아리는 과거에 여러 번 수리복원 되었으나 시간이 지나면서 다양한 환경변화로 인해 처리 재료가 노화되어 균열부의 이격 및 단차가 발생하는 등 구조적 안정성이 우려되었다. 보존상태를 정밀 진단한 결과, 청자 항아리는 정면의 '입(入)'자형 균열, 좌면의 'V'자형 결실부를 포함한 균열, 후면의 'J'자형 균열이 주요 손상부위로 확인되었다. 균열부는 장뇌, 건성유, 송진 등이 포함된 정제 옻을 접착제로 토분을 첨가하여 접합하고 접합선은 다시 정제 옻을 칠한 후 금분으로 표면 처리한 것을 알 수 있었다. 결실부는 석고로 복원 후 아크릴 물감으로 색맞춤하였다. 이후 수리복원 재료가 노화되어 1981년에 국립중앙박물관에서 응급처리를 실시하였는데, 균열부 보강을 위해 Cemedine C를 쓰거나 Cemedine C에 Microballoon을 첨가하여 사용하였다. 보존처리는 유물의 보존상태 진단 결과를 근거로, 과거 수리복원 재료를 제거하고 물리적으로 취약한 부분을 다시 접합복원을 통해 보강하는데 중점을 두었다. 또한 추후 전시하는데 활용될 수 있도록 복원부를 중심으로 색맞춤을 실시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2010

Mast cells are activated by specific allergens and also by various nonspecific stimuli, which might induce physical urticaria. This study investigated the functional expression of temperature sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. The temperature of perfusate was raised from room temperature (RT, $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) to a moderately high temperature (MHT, $37{\sim}39^{\circ}C$) to activate TRPV3/4, a high temperature (HT, $44{\sim}46^{\circ}C$) to activate TRPV1, or a very high temperature (VHT, $53{\sim}55^{\circ}C$) to activate TRPV2. The membrane conductance of HMC-1 was increased by MHT and HT in about 50% (21 of 40) of the tested cells, and the I/V curves showed weak outward rectification. VHT-induced current was 10-fold larger than those induced by MHT and HT. The application of the TRPV 4 activator $3{\alpha}$-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate ($4{\alpha}$ PDD, $1\;{\mu}M$) induced weakly outward rectifying currents similar to those induced by MHT. However, the TRPV3 agonist camphor or TRPV1 agonist capsaicin had no effect. RT-PCR analysis of HMC-1 demonstrated the expression of TRPV4 as well as potent expression of TRPV2. The $[Ca^{2+}]_c$ of HMC-1 cells was also increased by MHT or by $4{\alpha}$ PDD. In summary, our present study indicates that HMC-1 cells express $Ca^{2+}$-permeable TRPV4 channels in addition to the previously reported expression of TRPV2 with a higher threshold of activating temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2017

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a non-selective cation channel with modest permeability to calcium ions. It is involved in intracellular calcium signaling and is therefore important in processes such as thermal sensation, skin barrier formation, and wound healing. TRPV3 was initially proposed as a warm temperature sensor. It is activated by synthetic small-molecule chemicals and plant-derived natural compounds such as camphor and eugenol. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) has diverse pharmacological properties including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities. It is extensively used as an oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated whether SC fruit extracts and seed oil, as well as four compounds isolated from the fruit can activate the TRPV3 channel. By performing whole-cell patch clamp recording in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV3, we found that the methanolic extract of SC fruit has an agonistic effect on the TRPV3 channel. Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis revealed that ${\gamma}$-schisandrin, one of the isolated compounds, activated TRPV3 at a concentration of $30{\mu}M$. In addition, ${\gamma}$-schisandrin (${\sim}100{\mu}M$) increased cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations by approximately 20% in response to TRPV3 activation. This is the first report to indicate that SC extract and ${\gamma}$-schisandrin can modulate the TRPV3 channel. This report also suggests a mechanism by which ${\gamma}$-schisandrin acts as a therapeutic agent against TRPV3-related diseases.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.765-779
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• 2003

Physiological lipid mixtures comprised of cholesterol, ceramide and free fatty acid better maintain epidermal homeostasis and have been recently used for dermatoses induced by skin barrier damage, for example for atopic dermatitis and xerotic skin. Itching and dry atopic dermatitis of the skin may be related to altered skin barrier function. In a previous study, the use of multi-lamellar emulsion (MLE), which is a lipid mixtures containing cholesterol, pseudoceramide and free fatty acid, has been shown to accelerate the recovery of the epidermal permeability barrier. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of MLE compared with a currently used anti-itch moisturizer (AIM), the active ingredients of which are menthol and camphor, on barrier recovery after barrier disruption. To clarify the effect of MLE and AIM after acute barrier perturbation, we measured the relation between transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the barrier recovery rate at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after tape stripping hairless mice and then observed changes in the stratum corneum (SC), including the intercellular lipid structure and secretion of lamellar bodies, by electron microscopy. MLE treated skin recover skin barrier function more rapidly, and AIM treated skin delayed barrier repair. Morphological changes in the epidermis, of MLE treated skin revealed well-conserved lipid multi-lamellar structures at 24 h after tape stripping, whereas AIM treated skin showed altered lamellar bilayers within the SC interstices at 48 h. In addition, MLE treated skin showed an increase in the number of LBs and in their secretions and a decrease in the number of SC layers versus AIM treated skin. These results suggest that MLE may accelerate the production of an epidermal permeability barrier in hairless mice by increasing the number and secretion of LB and improve the dryness and itch associated with an altered epidermal permeability barrier.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.816-824
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.805-809
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• 2008

감국, 국화 및 구절초 등 3종의 국화과 식물에 대해 향기성분을 분석하고 향기성분 추출물의 항산화활성을 측정하고자 3종의 국화과 식물에 대한 향기특성을 SDE법으로 추출하여 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 camphene, 1,8-cineole, benzene, pinocarvone, bicyclo-2,2,1-heptan-2-ol, trans-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, ${\gamma}$-curcumene, zingiberene, ${\beta}$-bisabolene 등이 검출되어 주요 향기성분임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 감국, 국화 및 구절초의 향기추출물에 대한 전자공여능을 DPPH법으로 측정한 결과 1 g/mL의 농도에서 각각 30.57, 46.36 및 51.72%로 나타내어 구절초 추출물이 항산화활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 총항산화력을 ABTS법으로 측정한 결과 각각 34.99, 35.31 및 38.48mg AEAC/g으로 나타내어 전자공여능과 마찬가지로 구절초가 항산화활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이유는 구절초가 camphene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, germacrene D, myrtenol 등의 성분이 감국이나 국화보다 다량 함유되어 있어 항산화활성이 높게 나타난 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1221-1234
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• 2012

There are many factors to influence the amount of terpene at the forest. However, it is poorly understood whether the amount is altered by meteorological factors. In order to study correlation analysis between terpene amount and meteorological(i.e., temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation) and environmental factors(i.e., oxygen, carbonb dioxide) at the artificial coniferous forest of Chamaecyparis obtusa (site 1) and Cryptomeria japonica (site 2) nearby the $1^{st}$ reservoir at Mt. Moodeung, the research was executed during April to November in 2011. Forest density at site 1 was 1,692 trees/ha, being occupied with 87.2% of Chamaecyparis obtusa, higher than 925 trees/ha at site 2. Carbon dioxide at site 1 was in the range of 385~410 ppm in June, similar to at Anmyundo(395 ppm in 2010). Solar radiation has positive correlation with ambient temperature and inversely negative with relative humidity. Main species of terpene released were ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, cymene, ${\delta}$-limonene and camphor at two sites and terpene was more effluent at spring and summer than at fall. The large amount of terpene was emitted in the afternoon than in the morning under the influence of the wind speed and the topographical property. The terpene amount has positive correlation with relative humidity and oxygen, and negative with wind speed and soil temperature. Because correlations of ${\alpha}$-pinene and other terpene materials showed statistically significant within p=0.01. ${\alpha}$-pinene could be suggested as the basic material in explaining the amount of other terpene materials.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1336-1343
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• 2005

일본에서는 녹나무 줄기에서 분리한 정유의 하나인 camphor는 강심제등 약용으로 사용하고 있지만, 녹나무 잎 추출물에 대한 연구도 적고 특히 항당뇨 효과에 대한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구에서는 녹나무 잎 추출물이 in vitro에서 인슐린 작용, 인슐린 분비 또는 탄수화물의 소화에 효과적인지를 조사함으로 항당뇨에 효과적인지 여부를 조사하였다. 녹나무 잎을 $70\%$ 에탄올로 추출한 후 메탄올과 물을 섞은 용액으로 단계별로 XAD-4 column으로 분획 하였다. 녹나무 잎 추출물은 고농도(1 mg/mL)에서도 MTT로 측정하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다 녹나무 잎 추출분획 물 중 40과 $60\%$ 메탄올층은 3T3-L1 지방세포에 처리하였을 때 인슐린의 작용을 향상시켜 포도당의 흡수를 증가시키는 효과가 매우 컸다. 이 추출분획 물들은 3T3-L1 지방세포에 존재하는 인슐린의 작용을 향상시켜 인슐린을 10 nM을 처리한 것보다도 효과적으로 포도당 흡수를 증가시켰다. 또한 $40\%$ 메탄올층은 3T3-L1 섬유아세포에 분화 유도물질를 처리하였을 때 PPAR$\gamma$인 pioglitazone과 마찬가지로 지방 세포로의 분화를 촉진시키고 지방의 축적도 증가시켰다. 그러므로 $40\%$ 메탄올층에는 PPAR-$\gamma$ agonist로 작용하는 물질이 함유되어 있을 가능성이 높다. 베타세포라인인 Min6세포에 녹나무 잎 추출분획물을 처리한 후 저농도와 고농도 포도당 자극시 인슐린 분비를 측정하였을 때 두 농도에서 모두 인슐린 분비에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 녹나무 잎 추출분획물은 탄수화물의 소화에 작용하는 효소인 $\alpha$-glucoamylase의 활성에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로 녹나무 잎에는 인슐린 분비나 탄수화물의 소화에 관여하는 성분의 없지만, 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성물질이 함유되어 있을 가능성이 높다. 특히 $40\%$ 메탄올층에는 PPAR$\gamma$ agnist로 작용하는 인슐린 민감성 물질이 존재할 가능성이 높다.