• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

These days, traditional and complementary/alternative medicine (TM/CAM) becomes more upsurging topics of increasing importance and the use and popularity of TM/CAM is rapidly expanding, Since the tradition and situation on TM/CAM of each country is quite different, the concept and system of TM/CAM expressed by different countries shows the variety of range. Some countries recognize TM/CAM as one part of two branches of medical science and have integrated into national health care system. In these countries, education systems for TM/CAM are also well organized formal education systems, such as the Republic of Korea, DPR Korea, China (including Hong Kong and Macao), and Viet Nam. However, other countries in Asia and the Pacific. still do not have formal and/or informal education system and do not recognize TM/CAM as a kind of health care systems. This paper reviews the current situation of education and training on TM/CAM in the Asia and the Pacific. As a result, fifteen countries (31.3%) of 48 member countries in Asia and the Pacific have formal education systems for TM/CAM, twelve countries (25.0%) do not have formal education system and twenty one countries (43.7%) do not have available information. At least six countries are allocating the curriculum of medical school to the education of both allopathic and traditional medicine. For the proper use and development of TM/CAM, the development of formal education system as well as the integration into the national health care system are needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2012

The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among women with gynecologic cancer is becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the prevalence and factors related to the use of CAM. The aim of this study was to assess the use of CAM in women with gynecologic cancer. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 67 gynecological cancer patients at gynecologic oncology clinic of a hospital in Turkey between October 2009 to December 2010 using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. The instrument included questions on socio-demographic information, disease specifics and complementary and alternative medicine usage. On the basis of women's responses, all participants were divided into 2 groups: CAM users and nonusers. The findings indicated that 61.2% of the women reported the use of 1 or more CAM therapies. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between CAM users and nonusers (P <0.05). The most frequently used CAM method was herbal therapy (90.2%) and the second was prayer (41.5%). The main sources of information about CAM were informal (friends/ family members). A considerable proportion (56.1%) of CAM users had discussed their CAM use with their physicians or nurses. Turkish women with gynecologic cancer frequently use CAM in addition to standard medical therapy. Nurses/ oncologists caring for women with gynecologic cancer should initiate a dialogue about usage of CAM, discussing the potential adverse effects of CAM and the patient's therapeutic goals.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.365-380
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the need to reform curriculums for digital experts in a way that include the practical and educational aspects of dental labs by determining why educational reforms are needed to comply with changes in dental technology business that are brought by the applications of digital scanning and what changes are being actually brought by the use of CAD/CAM. Methods: This study analyzed the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM by using the independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA. in accordance with the participants demographic characteristics and job-related variables and factors related to CAD/CAM, and provided only some of the analysis results that were found statistically significant. Concerning the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM, the study also used the independent sample t-test to measure difference in the perception of that need within each of the three groups, or those of job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain at the signficance level of ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: Dental technologists surveyed here were perceiving that the use of CAD/CAM would bring changes in their job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain. They were expecting that the biggest changes would be made in work climate and product quality as sub-areas of job performance. However, they said that in terms of job efficiency, the use of CAD/CAM would change job contribution, job satisfaction and job efficiency, but not lead to staffing. These results suggest that more special programs for CAD/CAM education are needed to bring up CAD/CAM experts who are more specialized. Conclusion: Among 13 skills related to CAD/CAM, what is most needed to be educated to dental technologists was "molding the occlusal surface" (M=4.19), followed by "designing the 3-D work" (M=4.17), "final shape modification" (M=4.16), "molding the border" (M=4.15) and "checking the fit of prothesis" (M=4.14) in order.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.276-285
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to help in explaining the necessity of education on complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) and opening relevant curriculums in nursing education by grasping the kinds of CAM in which nursing students want to be opened. Data were collected from September 27, 2003 through October 20, 2003. A group of 865 nursing students were surveyed using questionnaires in seven universities whose curriculums on CAM have not been available. Collected data were statistically analyzed by using SAS 8.02 system, and the study results are as follows: 1. The average of subjects' behavior toward CAM was 3.52 of the total 5 with practical affairs 3.79. medical treatment 3.79, social concerns 3.84, and communication 3.78. 2. Most nursing students $(90.6\%)$ did not precisely understand the meaning of CAM although they had heard of it. Most of them $(85.5\%)$ had no experience of applying CAM. The study also revealed that more qualified CAM lecturers in the future are needed: specialist in the relevant field $(83.2\%)$, doctor and herb doctor $(6.5\%)$, clinical nurse $(6.0\%)$ and professor of the department of nursing science $(4.3\%)$. 3. Concerning students' behavior toward CAM, there were statistically significant difference between students from agrarian and fishing villages (F=4.91. p=.007) and the others. 4. CAM courses that students want were therapeutic touch (massage) $(22.9\%)$. aroma therapy $(14.8\%)$, manual healing methods $(14.7\%)$, treatment of blood vessel $(8.3\%)$, foot reflexology $(7.9\%)$, and heart remedy $(6.8\%)$. In conclusion, the study indicated that nursing students had positive attitudes toward CAM and for this. healers should have a frank talk with patients in order to maximize symptom-relieving effects. However, the study showed that most nursing students did not understand the exact meaning of CAM. Considered the fact that improvement of both health status and quality of life will be an important issue in the future, active introduction and education of CAM in nursing curriculum are a matter of necessity.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-40
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• 2003

Objective： To determine second, third and fourth-year medical students' opinions and knowledge related to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in a school with no requirement or elective course on the subject. Study Design： A questionnaire was offered to second, third and fourth-year medical students of the Medical College of Kosin University from August 7th, through August 30th, 2003. Results： Most students had been exposed to CAM therapies, knew that the majority of the South Korean public was using CAM, believed that some CAM interventions were useful, and did not believe CAM therapies were a threat to public health. Only one fifth of the students(22.5％) disagreed that they had to have requirement or elective course on CAM in their curriculum. Most students had insufficient knowledge or understanding of the safety or lack of it for ten of the more common CAM modalities. Most respondents thought these interventions were useful, but would not refer a patient nor dissuade a patient from seeking out such interventions. Conclusion： Medical students in this school self-identified an interest about the clinical usefulness of ten CAM modalities, but did not have sufficient knowledge about the safety for ten of the more common CAM modalities. Including CAM topics in the medical school curriculum would better prepare physicians to respond to patient inquiries about CAM and thereby to fulfill their role as patient advocates.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to test the validity of the confirming abduction model (CAM). CAM is a process model which explains how reasoners confirm their hypothetical explicans. To test this model, 154 8th grade students were sampled from one middle school in Korea. Three types of vapor condensation hypothesis confirming tests were developed and administered to the subjects. The results of this study revealed that student confidence increased when hypothetical explicans were borrowed into experienced phenomena from questioning phenomena. These results validated CAM. According to CAM, the process. of confirming hypothetical explican is as follows: representing a questioning phenomenon, representing an experienced phenomenon that is similar to the questioning phenomenon, representing the hypothetical explican of the questioning phenomenon, comparing the questioning phenomenon with the experienced phenomenon, and borrowing the hypothetical explican as the hypothetical explican of the experienced phenomenon from the hypothetical explican of the questioning phenomenon. This study also discussed the implications of these findings for teaching and learning in science education.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4081-4086
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• 2012

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is prevalent among individuals with cancer, especially breast cancer survivors. This study was conducted among 394 breast cancer survivors in selected regions of Peninsular Malaysia to identify the pattern and factors associated with CAM use. About 51% of the respondents reported CAM use as complementary treatment. Vitamins (47.2%), spiritual activities (33.2%) and other dietary supplements (30.7%) were the most commonly used CAM therapies. Common reasons for CAM use were to increase the body's ability to perform daily activities (70.9%), enhance immune function (58.3%) and improve emotional well-being (31.7%). Users obtained CAM information mainly from friends and family members (62.5%), physicians (25.0%) and mass media (13.9%). Ethnicity and years of education were significantly associated with CAM use. Although no adverse effects of CAM were reported, breast cancer survivors should discuss their CAM use with health professionals to prevent potential adverse effects of these therapies.

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2015

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practice is still popular among the Malaysian population nowadays although western or allopathic medicine is the first line of treatment. Dissatisfaction with health services and therapeutic effects of western medicine or preference for holistic, integrative approach in treatment are common reasons favouring the increasing popularity of CAM practices. The efforts toward integration of CAM and western medicine in Malaysia were rather slow and in a piece-meal fashion. Strategic efforts in strengthening government and self-regulation among practitioners, formalizing education, promoting research, and cultivating national and international networks are necessary to achieve an integrative system. Regulations to restrict the practice and sale of CAM products to licensed practitioners, strict and mandatory registration of the practitioners, inclusion of CAM in essential medicines list, and pricing regulations must be comprehensively discussed. Development of curriculum, offers of scholarship and incentives, promotion of courses and seminars for professionals is necessary to increase the numbers of CAM experts. Malaysia should follow the efforts of other countries on the production and documentation of local CAM data, allocation of funding, and establishment of research centres to assess the efficacy of potentially useful local products. Local and international collaboration in research and continuous education is important for exchange of knowledge and skills. In conclusion more coordinated efforts in regulation of CAM practice and products, formalizing CAM training and education would significantly move the process forward and allow the public to enjoy more health benefits from CAM practice in Malaysia.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to examine the experience of school health instructors in applying complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM). Method: The participants were 215 health instructors working in elementary schools in Busan. Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2004 to Mar. 10, 2005 and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: Most of the health instructors had knowledge about CAM. Among the various CAM methods, acupuncture was the most widely known at 78.6%. While 53.5% had no experience in CAM education, 46.5% had been trained. Slightly over half (52.1%) had used CAM at school and based their decision on personal experience. As to applicability of CAM at school, 72.1% thought CAM was applicable, and 78.7% of this group considered alleviation of symptoms and assistance in the treatment process as the reasons for their answer. There were significant differences in responses as to the applicability of CAM according to age (p=.002), work experience (p=.004) and educational background (p=.002). Conclusions: The above results suggest that there is a need to develop a professional education program on complimentary and alternative medicine to assist school health instructorsto plan nursing interventions using CAM which are individualized and practical.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the Perception level of CAD/CAM of dental techique. Methods: This survey was carried out in the metropolitan areas of the cities of Daegu and Gyeong-buk. Surveys were filled out by consenting dental technicians. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows. As for the analysis methods, the study used the frequency analysis, Ttest, F-test. Results: Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in General characteristics associated with education level, monthly salary. Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in professional characteristics associated with working area, working part. Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in understanding of CAD/CAM associated with CAD/CAM operating experience, CAD/CAM educational experience. Conclusion: In order to improve the Perception level of CAD/CAM of dental technician, A variety education and follow-up research is need.