• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2018

Objective: Epidemiological research shows that 47 to 73% of athletes suffer from recurrent ankle sprains. Joint mobilization techniques (JMT) implemented in correcting may be beneficial in the management of ankle injuries. The purpose of this study is to examine the immediate JM on ankle complex as clinical measures in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) through intervention. Method: Thirteen subjects with CAI (8 males and 5 females) participated in this study. Each subject tried total four alignments (Navicular drop test: NDT, Standing rearfoot angle: SRA, Tibia torsion: TT, and dorsiflexion range of motion: DFROM). The participants were performed the 10 meter shuttle run after JMT for post-task. Finally, it was tried to compare between pre-post tasks after shuttle run. Results: SRA and DFROM after intervention showed significant differences. SRA (p=.026), and DFROM (p=.034). Conclusion: We concluded that the JMT has resulted in improvement in SRA, DFROM. Increased DFROM and varus shapes of foot would be closed kinetic chain, indicating that reduce the risk factors of ankle sprain. Future study needs to be conducted in order to measure the effects of prolonged intervention of JMT.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Background: This study investigated the effects of a single-leg hopping test and Q-angle when applying Mulligan taping, flossing bands, and a combination of Mulligan taping and flossing bands to chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients. Methods: The subjects of the study were 68 patients with chronic ankle instability, randomly divided into three groups receiving the following treatments: Mulligan taping (n=22), flossing bands (n=23), and a combination of Mulligan taping and flossing bands (n=23). The immediate effects of the treatments were evaluated using the single-leg hopping test and Q-angle measurement for functional movement before and after the intervention. Results: All three groups showed significant improvements in the single-leg hopping test after the intervention, and there was a significant difference between the performance of the simultaneous application group and the Mulligan taping group (p<.01). As a result of the post-hoc test, there was a significant difference in the simultaneous application group than in the mulligan taping group (p<.01). When measuring the Q-angle change during the activity of descending stairs, there was also a significant effect in all three groups, with no significant differences when comparing the changes between groups (p>.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, Mulligan taping and flossing bands were confirmed as effective interventions for the functional movement of the lower extremities in patients with CAI. This study can provide basic data on the effectiveness of interventions in patients with CAI.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Purpose: This study determined if anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR) thicknesses are related to dynamic balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Materials and Methods: The subjects were 14 males and 15 females (age=24.52±3.46 years). Ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) with a cut off score of 25 to define two groups. SonoSite MTurbo (Fugifilm Sonosite, Inc.) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) unit was used to assess ATFL and SEAR thicknesses. Dynamic balance was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT) and two NeuroCom balance tests. Results: There were no significant differences in the average ATFL thickness between stable and unstable ankles in those subjects with CAI (0.25±0.03 cm and 0.21±0.05 cm, respectively) or in the SEAR thickness (0.09±0.04 cm and 0.10±0.03 cm, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the right and left ATFL thicknesses (0.23±0.07 cm and 0.21±0.04 cm, respectively) or the SEAR thicknesses (0.09±0.01 cm and 0.09±0.01 cm, respectively) in those without CAI. There were no differences between limbs in composite scores on YBT in those with CAI (p=0.35) and those without CAI (p=0.33). There was a moderate correlation between the left SEAR thickness and the large forward/backward perturbations on the NeuroCom (Natus) motor control test (r=0.51, p=0.006 and r=0.54, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: There were no differences in the ATFL/SEAR thicknesses or balance measures between or within the groups, likely because CAI is multi-factorial and related to mechanisms other than tissue changes alone. More sensitive technology and a better definition of the measurement process may provide more definitive results.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(2)
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• pp.1274-1275
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• 2005

• 에너지공학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 ZZF탈황제의 내마모성을 개선하기 위하여 산화칼슘함량을 1, 3, 5, wt%정도 첨가한 탈황제를 제조하여 마모실험을 수행하였다. 마모실험전과 후의 탈황제 형상을 SEM으로 관찰하고 입자크기분포를 쿨터계수기로 측정하였다. 산화칼슘을 첨가하지 않은 ZZF 탈황제의 마모도는 Al=28.3%, CAI=10.8% 정도였다. CaO 함량이 3 wt%인 ZZFCa-3 탈황제의 마모도(Al=17.3%, CAI=8.8%가 가장 낮았다. ZZFCa 3 탈황제가 입자모양과 평균입도가 잘 유지되었다 ZZFCa-3 탈황제의 황화 및 재생실험을 수행하였다. 석탄가스 중의 10000 ppm수준의 H$_2$S를 1 ppm 이하로 정제할 수 있었으며, 탈황제의 황수용능력은 최대 28.8 g S/100 g sorbent정도 유지되었다. 재생된 탈황제의 XRD분석에서 CaSO$_4$실 생성은 관찰되지 않았으며, 황화반응에서도 SO$_2$ slippage가 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 국내 고유 기술에 의한 반응성, 내구성, 내마모성이 모두 만족되는 고온건식 탈황제를 개발할 수 있었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-61
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• 2003

Background： The purpose of this study was to develop a structured and individualized smoking prevention program for adolescents by utilizing a multimedia computer-assisted instruction model and to empirically assess its effect. Method： For the purpose of this study, a guide book of smoking prevention program for middle and high school students was developed as the first step. The contents of this book were summarized and developed into an actual multimedia CAI smoking prevention program according to the Gane ＆ Briggs instructional design and Keller's ARCS motivation design models as the second step. At the final step, the short-tenn effects of this program were examined by an experiment. This experiment were made for middle school and high school students and the quasi experimental design was the pretest - intervention - posttest. The measured data was attitude, belief, and knowledge about smoking, interest in the program, and learning motivation. Result： The results of this study were as follows： First, the guide book of a smoking prevention program was developed and the existing literature on adolescent smoking was analyzed to develop the content of the guide book. Then the curriculum was divided into three main domains on tobacco and smoking history, smoking and health, adolescent smoking and each main domain was divided into sub-domains. Second, the contents of the guide book were translated into a multimedia CAI program of smoking prevention througn Powerpoint software according to the instructional design theory. The characteristics of this program were interactive, learner controllable, and structured The program contents consisted of entrance(5.6％), history of tobacco(30％), smoking and health(38.9％), adolescent smoking(22.2％), video(4.7％), and exit(1.6％). Multimedia materials consisted of text(121), sound and music, image(still 84, dynamic 32), and videogram(6). The program took about 40 minutes to complete. Third, the results on analysis of the program effects were as follows： 1) There was significant knowledge increase between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 3.44, and the highest increase was in the 1st grade students of high school(p＜0.001). 2) There was significant decrease in general belief on smoking between the pre-test and post-test with total mean difference 0.28. In subgroup analysis, the difference was significantly higher in the 1st grade of high school (p<0.001), low income class (p<0.001), and daily smokers (p<0.01). 3) There was no significant difference in attitudes on his personal smoking between the pre-test and post-test. 4) The interest in the program seemed to lower as students got older. The score of motivation toward this prevention program was the highest in the middle school 3rd grade. Among sub-domains of motivation, the confidence score was the highest. Conclusion： To be most effective, the smoking prevention program for adolescents should utilize the most up-to-date and accurate information on smoking, and then instructional material should be developed so that the learners can approach the program with enjoyment. Through this study, a guide book with the most up-to-date information was developed and the multimedia CAI smoking prevention program was also developed based on the guide book. The program showed positive effect on the students' knowledge and belief in smoking.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.31-34
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• 2005

For the damage tolerance improvement of conventional laminated composites, stitching process has been utilized for providing through-thickness reinforcements. 2D prefonl1S were stacked with S-2 glass plain weave, and 3D preforms were fabricated using the stitching process. For the matrix system, epoxy and phenol resins were considered. To examine the damage resistance performance the low velocity drop weight impact test has been carried out, and the impact damage was examined by scanning image. CAI (Compressive After Ih1paet) tests were also conducted to evaluate residual compressive strength. Compared with 2D epoxy composites, 2D phenol composites showed drastic reduction in the compressive strength prior to impact because of the higher contents of voids. The damage area of 2D phenol composites were also larger than that of 2D epoxy composites. However, by introducing the stitching, the damage area of 3D phenol composites was reduced by 60%, while the CAI strength improvement was negligible.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2012

Carbon-fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminates made of nano-particle-coated carbon fibers and damaged by a simulated lightning strike were tested under compression-after-impact(CAI) mode, during which the damage progress due to compressive loading has been monitored by acoustic emission(AE). The impact damage was induced not by mechanical loading but by a simulated lightning strike. Conductive nano-particles were coated directly on the fibers, from which CFRP coupons were made. The coupon were subjected to the strikes with a high voltage/current impulse of 10~40 kA within a few ${\mu}s$. The effects of nano-particle coating and the degree of damage induced by the simulated lightning strikes on AE activities were examined, and the relationship between the compressive residual strength and AE behavior has been evaluated in terms of AE event counts and the onset of AE activity with the compressive loading. The degree of impact damage was also measured in terms of damage area by using ultrasonic C-scan images. The assessment during the CAI tests of damaged CFRP showed that AE monitoring appeared to be useful to differentiate the degree of damage hence the mechanical integrity of composite structures damaged by lightning strikes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.586-594
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 끓는점 학습에서 인지 갈등, 상태 흥미, 개념 변화 사이의 관계를 조사했다. 또한, 이들 관계에서 성에 따른 차이도 조사했다. 중학교 1학년 학생 370명이 본 연구에 참여했다. 먼저, 학습된 오개념을 지닌 학생을 선별하기 위해 선개념 검사를 실시했다. 변칙 사례를 제시한 후, 변칙 사례에 대한 반응 검사와 상태 흥미 검사를 실시했다. CAI 프로그램으로 수업 처치를 한 후, 직후 개념 검사를 실시했다. 4주 후에 동일한 검사지로 개념 파지 검사를 실시했다. 인지 갈등과 상태 흥미 검사 점수는 모두 직후 개념 검사 및 개념 파지 검사 점수와 유의미한 상관이 있었다. 중다 회귀 분석 결과, 상태 흥미가 인지 갈등 보다 개념 변화 및 개념 파지 정도를 예측하는데 있어 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 경우에는 상태 흥미만이 개념 변화 및 개념 파지에 대해 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났으나, 여학생의 경우에는 인지 갈등만이 유의미한 예측 변인으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of the confusion level in performing dual tasks using smartphones while walking in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS: Twenty subjects with CAI and 20 healthy subjects participated in the study. The spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, and variability gait parameters were measured using GAITRite under four different conditions: general gait, web surfing during gait, texting during gait, and gaming during gait. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the interaction according to the group (2) and confusion level in dual-tasks (4). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes within the group according to the confusion level in dual-tasks. The changes between groups were compared using an independent t-test. The statistical significance level was set to p = .05. RESULTS: Significant interactions in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found between the dual-task conditions and the other groups (p < .05). Significant within-group differences in the spatial, temporal, and spatial-temporal gait parameters were found according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). Significant between-group differences were observed in the temporal and spatial-temporal gait parameters according to the confusion level in dual tasks (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The effect of the confusion level in dual tasks was greater in subjects with CAI than in healthy individuals. This study suggests that to prevent reinjury to the ankle, subjects with CAI should avoid dual tasks such as using smartphones while walking.