• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 SLM(Square Lattice Model)과 HLM(Hexagonal Lattice Model)을 개선하여 만든 RHLM(Rotated Hexagonal Model)을 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 양방향 보행 교통류의 시뮬레이션 모형을 개발하였다. $20{\times}20$의 400개 셀에서 진행되었으며, 시간의 변화에 따른 속도, 밀도, 교통류율로 평가하였다. 본 모형을 같은 조건에서 SLM과 비교해본 결과, 기존의 모형이 보행자의 움직임이 불필요한 동작과 비논리적 방향으로 이동하는 것을 모형에 반영하였다면, 본 모형은 보행자의 직진 움직임과 자연스러운 회피 방법을 통해 보행교통류의 최단경로 움직임을 표현할 수 있었다. 또한 보행교통류의 더 높은 곳에서 용량을 가지고 보행을 할 수 있는 현상을 반영할 수 있었고, 보행교통류의 경우 밀도가 높아지더라도 속도가 0이 되는 상황은 잘 일어나지 않는 것을 반영할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2021

Multivariate statistical analysis and an environmental hydrological model were applied for investigating the causes of water pollution and providing best management practices for water quality improvement in urban and agricultural watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) for water quality time series data show that chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (T-P) are classified as non-point source pollutants that are highly correlated with river discharge. Total nitrogen (T-N), which has no correlation with river discharge and inverse relationship with water temperature, behaves like a point source with slow and consistent release. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) shows intermediate characteristics between point and non-point source pollutants. The results of the PCA and CA for the spatial water quality data indicate that the cluster 1 of the watersheds was characterized as upstream watersheds with good water quality and high proportion of forest. The cluster 3 shows however indicates the most polluted watersheds with substantial discharge of BOD and nutrients from urban sewage, agricultural and industrial activities. The cluster 2 shows intermediate characteristics between the clusters 1 and 3. The results of hydrological simulation program-Fortran (HSPF) model simulation indicated that the seasonal patterns of BOD, T-N and T-P are affected substantially by agricultural and livestock farming activities, untreated wastewater, and environmental flow. The spatial analysis on the model results indicates that the highly-populated watersheds are the prior contributors to the water quality degradation of the river.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

무선 메쉬 네트워크(Wireless Mesh Networks, WMNs)는 유비쿼터스 환경 및 무선 브로드밴드 액세스를 제공하기 위한 핵심적인 미래 기술로 대두되고 있다. WMN에서의 전체적인 성능은 채널의 간섭을 최소화함으로써 개선될 수 있다. WMN에서 주로 사용하는 네트워크 인터페이스 기술 중 하나인 IEEE 802.11b/g 스펙은 3 개의 멀티 채널을 지원한다. 이러한 멀티 채널 WMN에서 효율적인 채널 할당을 위해서는 채널 스캐닝 지연과 채널 의존성 문제를 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11b/g WMN에서의 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해 클러스터 기반의 채널 할당(Cluster-Based Channel Assignment, CB-CA) 알고리즘을 제안한다. CB-CA 알고리즘에서는 클러스터 헤드(Cluster Head, CH) 노드들 간에는 동일 채널을 사용함으로써 채널 스캐닝과 채널 스위칭을 수행하지 않는다. 해당 클러스터 멤버 (Cluster Member, CM) 노드들과의 통신에는 CH들 간의 통신 채널에 영향을 미치지 않는 채널을 할당함으로써 멀티채널에서 발생할 수 있는 간섭을 최소화 할 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 CB-CA 알고리즘이 WMNs의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1067-1073
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• 2011

In this paper, the methodology of a CA (Control Allocation) based FTNCS (Fault-Tolerant Networked Control System) is proposed. Control allocation is a control surface management technique by redistributing the redundant control surfaces in overactuated systems. In modern high performance aircrafts, they adopt many redundant control surfaces to provide high performance and to satisfy various tactical requirements. Moreover, redundant control surfaces provide an opportunity to compensate performance degradation due to failures in more than one actuator by re-allocating redundant control surfaces. Simulation results with an F-18 HARV demonstrate that the proposed CA based FTNCS can achieve a fast and accurate tracking performance even in the presence of actuator faults.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1984

본 논문은 광통신용 광원의 가장 중요한 설계변수인 주파수응답의 최적화를 위하여 대칭 CaAs/(Ca, Al)As DH-LED를 모델로 채택하여 다이오드의 설계변수들인 활성층의 불순물농도, 활성층폭, 소수캐리어수명, 금지대폭, 굴절률, 공간전하용량, 주입전류밀도 등의 물리적 제인자들의 백호관계를 체계적으로 정립하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 의한 최적설계변수치들을 설정하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2002

A fuzzy logic for collision avoiding navigation of marine vehicles is proposed in this paper. VFF(Virtual Force Field) method, which is used widely in the field of mobile robots, is modifiel to apply to marine vehicles. The method is named MVFF (Modified Virtual Force Field) mothod. The MVFF consists of the determination of the heading angles far track-keeping mode ($\psi_{ca}$)and collision avoidance mode ($\psi_{ca}$). The operator can choose the pattern of the track-keeping mode in the proposed algorithm. The collision avoidance algorithm can handle static and/or moving obstacles. These functons are implemented using fuzzy logic. Various simulation results verify the proposed alogorithm.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

The droplet ejection behavior from drop-on-demand printhead are investigated numerically in terms of the non-dimensional parameters. The numerical simulation is performed using a volume-of-fluid model. It is important to eject droplet within the printability range, where the droplet is ejected in stable manner without satellite droplets. Generally, the printability range has been determined by Z number, which is the inverse of Oh number. However, it is found that the ejection of droplets with same Z number can exhibit different behavior depending on the value of Ca and We number. Therefore, it is insufficient to determine the printability range only with Z number. Instead, other non-dimensional parameters, such as Ca and We number, should be considered comprehensively.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권11B
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• pp.974-979
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• 2004

IEEE 802.l1b에서는 기본서비스인 DCF와 QoS를 제공하기 위한 무경쟁 서비스인 PCF가 제공된다. DCF는 CSMA/CA(충돌을 회피하는 매체 접속 기법) 접속 프로토콜을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 PCF를 수정하여 트래픽의 부하가 많아진 채널에 가충치를 두어 서비스하는 기법을 제시하였다. 스테이션 측으로부터 부분적인 큐의 정보를 받아 가중치를 계산하였으며 NS-2 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 PCF 기법을 수정한 기법의 우수성을 검증하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of a BRAM (The Broadcasting Recognizing Access Method) protocol, as a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) scheme, which is widely used in wireles LAN systems. We have selected a Fair BRAM protocol among CSMA/CA schemes, considering the fairness of channel usage and the simplicity of the protocol. We have compared the performance of BRAM protocol to that of CSMA/CD. to research the characteristics of BRAM in wireless LAN system. In order to analyze the performance of this system, we have set up an imbedded Markov chain and calculated state transition probabilities. Then we have calculated steady state probabilities and finally derived the throughput of a Fair BRAM moder. To verify our analysis, we have simulated practical models. Then, we have found that analytic results are very close to simulation ones. Our analysis of the BRAM protocol will be expected to be very helpful to design and evaluate a MAC (Media Access Control) protocol in wireless LAN systems.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 1999

Engine valve seat is a functionally important part for maintaining engine performance. The progress of automotive technology has increased the severity of conditions to which it is exposed, especially as regards LPG fuel engines and turbocharger. Therefore, it requires excellent heat and wear resistance to meet the severe condition inside the engine. In the present study, effects of solid lubricants such as CaF$_2$, MnS and MoS$_2$ on microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered Fe alloys for valve srats have been investigated for the development of valve seat material with high temerature wear resistance. As a results of engine simulation test, 0.5 wt% CaF$_2$ specimen showed the most excellent property, but in the overall aspect of view valve recession has increased with increasing the amount of solid lubricants.