• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1977

The multiple 7S globulins composed of two fractions (A and B) in the electrophoresis with Davis' method were isolated at different stages of the soybean seed development. Electrophoresis of their subunits liberated in PAWU solvent [phenol-acetic acid-water (2 : 1 : 1) solution plus 5M urea] yielded 4 major bands. Observation of both the electrophoretic bands of the multiple 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B) and those of their subunits was suggestive of a similarity of the subunit pattern between two 7S fractions. The two fractions in multiple 7S globulins were isolated with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column$(2.0{\sim}100cm)$ chromatography. They were separated into 2 fractions in a linear gradient concentration of 0.28 to 0.40M NaCl with phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10mM ${\beta}-mercaptoethanol$(ME). The isolated protein was dissociated into subunits with two different solvent systems; in PAWU solvent and in Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 40mM ME. The dissociated subunits were subjected to electrophoresis in PAWU-treated 7.5% acrylamide gel and in 1% SDS-treated 5.6% acrylamide gel. In PAWU gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 5 major bands, two of which were occupied in common by two 7S fractions(7S-A and 7S-B). In SDS gel electrophoresis, total 7S globulin was separated into 7 major bands, three of which were overlapped with the subunit of the two 7S fractions. The above results alluded us to the presence of a common and/or similar subunit between the multiple 7S globulins.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.966-974
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• 2015

Despite the presence of toll like receptor (TLR) expression in conventional $TCR{\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells, the direct role of TLR signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) within T lymphocytes on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains unknown. In the allo-SCT model of C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) ${\rightarrow}$ B6D2F1 ($H-2^{b/d}$), recipients received transplants of wild type (WT) T-cell-depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) and splenic T cells from either WT or MyD88 deficient (MyD88KO) donors. Host-type ($H-2^d$) P815 mastocytoma or L1210 leukemia cells were injected either subcutaneously or intravenously to generate a GVHD/GVL model. Allogeneic recipients of MyD88KO T cells demonstrated a greater tumor growth without attenuation of GVHD severity. Moreover, GVHD-induced GVL effect, caused by increasing the conditioning intensity was also not observed in the recipients of MyD88KO T cells. In vitro, the absence of MyD88 in T cells resulted in defective cytolytic activity to tumor targets with reduced ability to produce IFN-${\gamma}$ or granzyme B, which are known to critical for the GVL effect. However, donor T cell expansion with effector and memory T-cell differentiation were more enhanced in GVHD hosts of MyD88KO T cells. Recipients of MyD88KO T cells experienced greater expansion of Foxp3- and IL4-expressing T cells with reduced INF-${\gamma}$ producing T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes early after transplantation. Taken together, these results highlight a differential role for MyD88 deficiency on donor T-cells, with decreased GVL effect without attenuation of the GVHD severity after experimental allo-SCT.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.127-135
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• 2001

Achieved to grasp possibility to use compost that make food waste and sawdust (bulking agent) by raw material in this research droopingly to bulking agent calamity. To be kept by aerobic experiment method to 4 composting device that air is supplied Food Waste + Sawdust, Livestock Feces + Sawdust, Food Waste + Compost, Livestock Feces + Compost free medical care and investigated composting sledding and temperature, pH, the moisture rate, heavy metals item etc. Judged that food waste of the moisture rate mix experiment result food waste input (food waste and sawdust composting done material mean) compost happened after resources anger as bulking agent food waste and Livestock Feces quantity is 72~77%, because axis dries to promote optimum composting progress appearing by 64~65%, thing which use need and was difficult to set salt 1% that is by-product compost standard when use compost as bulking agent of food waste but by dilution effect of Livestock Feces quantity using compost being expose that preservation is available by standard low because salt content density of done compost becomes found possibility that can solve salt content problem.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1203-1208
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• 2007

Feathers are produced in huge quantities as a waste product at commercial poultry processing plants. Since feathers are almost pure keratin protein, feather wastes represent an alternative to more expensive dietary ingredients for animal feedstuffs. Generally they become feather meal used as animal feed after undergoing physical and chemical treatments. These processes require significant energy and also cause environmental pollutions. Therefore, biodegradation of feather by microorganisms represents an alternative method to prevent environment contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate cultural conditions affecting keratinolytic protease production by Bacillus pumilus RS7. We also assessed the nutritive value of microbial and alkaline feather hydrolysates, The composition of optimal medium for the keratinolytic protease was fructose 0.05%, yeast extract 0.3%, NaCl 0.05%, K2HPO4 0.03%, KH2PO4 0.04% and MgCl2 6H2O 0.01%, respectively. The optimal temperature and initial pH was $30^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. The keratinolytic protease production under optimal condition reached a maximum after 18 h of cultivation. Total amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was $113.8\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $504.9\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Essential amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was $47.2\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $334.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, feather hydrolysates have the potential for utilization as an ingredient in animal feed.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.108-109
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• 2003

Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromerol, prunol and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ON A are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. To clarify the effects of UA and ONA on skin barrier recovery, both flank skin of 8-12 weeks hairless mice were topically treated with samples (2mg/ml) after tape stripping, then measured recovery rate using TEWL on hairless mice. The recovery rate increased in UA and ONA treated groups at 6h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p <0.05). For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2mg/ml per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to Vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p<0.005). EM examination using Ru04 and OsO4 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA$\geq$UA>Vehicle). LM finding showed that stratum corneum was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA>ONA>Vehicle). Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber increasing by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory experiments were also confirmed in vivo findings. This result suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only skin barrier but also collagen and elastic fibers. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve barrier function and pertinent agents for cosmetic applications.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2019

Experimental and analytical studies on the behavioral characteristics of a pre-stressed (PS) steel girder are conducted to investigate the effects of deviators on the non-linear inelastic properties of the PS system. In this regard, 4 test specimens consisting of a steel H-beam, a straight cable with eccentricity, anchorages, and deviators are built and failure tests are performed under two-point loading. In addition, in-plane elastic deformation theories for the PS system without a deviator, and with three deviators at regular intervals are analytically formulated and solved using a symbolic calculation technique. To verify the validity of the experimental and the proposed analytical theories, the results obtained using FEM models composed of beam elements, rigid beam elements, and truss cable elements, are compared to the experimental results and the analytical solutions. As a result, it is determined that externally installed un-bonded deviators inhibit flexural deformation of the deformed beam to such an extent that their elastic stiffness, and failure strength are significantly improved compared to those of the PS system without deviators.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1996

This report present the result of the national survey of pediatric surgeons' preferences on diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease(HD) carried out in 1993. The questionnaires were sent to twenty-seven members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons (KAPS) working in twenty-four institutions. The questionnaires were designed to determine the individual surgeon's preference for the methods of diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Twenty-three pediatric surgeons from twenty institutions returned completed forms. The total number of patients diagnosed with HD in 1992 was 190 in this group. The estimated incidence of HD was 1/3,900. The most important symptom was delayed meconium passing and the most preferred diagnostic procedure was barium study. Anorectal manometric examination was carried out by 13 pediatric surgeons and 19 confirmed the diagnosis before operation by rectal biopsy, 12 with full-thickness biopsy and 7 with suction. Frozen section biopsy during operation was done by 22 surgeons. Eight surgeons did one stage operation if the age of the patient is suitable. Definitive operation was usually done at the age of 6 to 11 months. The most preferred operation was Duhamel procedure done by 19. Enterocolitis was the most serious complication of HD. Most of patients had normal continence within 6 to 12 months after operation. The follow-up period was less than 6 years in 16 surgeons. The results were presented at the 9th annual meeting of KAPS in June of 1993. This is the first national survey of HD and it can provide guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of Hirschprung's disease even though it is not a detailed study of patient data.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 1995

The new sixteen herbicidal N-2-(1-hydroxy-2-fluoroethyl)-6-substituted(X)-benzenesulfonyl-N'-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidinyl-2-yl urea derivatives(S) were synthesized and thier herbicidal activities$(pI_{50})$ in vivo against rice(Orysa Sativa L.), Barnyard grass(Echninochloa orizicola) and Bulrush(Scirpus juncoides) were measured by the pot test under paddy conditions. The structure activity relationship(SAR) were studied using the physicochemical parameters of ortho-substituents(X) and hydrolysis rate constant(logk) and herbicidal activities by the multiple regression technique. The SAR suggested that the herbicidal activities were more dependant on the hydrolysis rate constant(logk>0) than the steric constants $(Es, small width($B_4$) and length($L_1$). Among them, halogens(2 & 5), methyl(15) and non(H) substituent(1) showed higher herbicidal activity for weeds which was not tolerent to rise and weeds. The herbicidal activity was increased and the persistency in aqueous solution was decreased by electron donating(${\sigma}0<0$) groups as ortho-substituent(X). From the relationship equation between herbicidal activity and hydrolysis rate constant, it was assumed that the both reactions would be proceeds with similar process. And the conditions on the ortho substituents to show higher herbicidal activity and the persistency in aqueous solution were also discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2002

Objectives : The level of 4-hydroxyproline (4-Hyp) in human urine was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. This method is useful for medical examinations and investigating the radicals induced by physical, chemical, mental stresses. This method is superior to many published several methods in terms of its low cost and ability to analyze many samples. Methods : The urine from workers in a tire manufacturing company (22 male pre- and post-shift workers) and 18 office-workers as controls were analyzed. Data concerning age, the cumulative drinking amount and the cumulative smoking amount was collected with a questionnaire. The optimum applied amount of dansyl-Cl, the optimum reaction temperature and time, the recoveries and the optimum pH of the eluent and buffer were determined.4-Hyp from human urine was derivatized with dansyl-Cl (dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) after removing the a-amino acid by a treatment with phthalic dicarboxaldehyde (OPA) and cleaned with Bond Elut C18 column. The 4-Hyp derivatives were separated on a reversed phase column by gradient elution with a phosphate buffer (5 mmol, pH 8.0) and acetonitrile, and detected by fluorescence measurements at 340 nm (excitation) and 538 nm (emission). Results : The detection limit for the urinary free 4-Hyp was $0.364{\mu}mol/l$. The recovery rate of 4-Hyp was 99.7%, and the effective pH of the phosphate buffer and borate buffer were 3.0 and 8.0, respectively. From statistical analysis, age, drinking and smoking did not affect the urinary free 4-Hyp in both the controls and workers. The range of urinary 4-Hyp in the controls, pre-shift, and post-shift workers were 0.33-16.44, N.D-49.06, and $0.32-56.27{\mu}mol/l$. From the pared-sample t-test, the urinary 4-Hyp levels in post-shift workers ($11.82{\pm}6.73\;nmmol/mg\;Cre$) were 2-fold higher than in pre-shift workers ($5.36{\pm}5.53\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$) and controls ($4.91{\pm}4.89\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$). Conclusions : This method was developed with high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The present method was effectively applied to analyze the urinary free 4-Hyp in both controls and workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.928-934
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to reduce Nuruk flavor in Korean rice-distilled liquor using different ratios of $Sumizyme^{TM}$ and Nuruk. After 9 days of fermentation at $28^{\circ}C$, alcohol contents and pH were 16.0~17.1% and 3.82~4.16, respectively. An increased ratio of $Sumizyme^{TM}$ decreased alcohol content while increased pH of the mash. In alcohol contents, there were no significant differences up to 30% substitution of Nuruk to $Sumizyme^{TM}$. A descriptive analysis was conducted with trained panelists for determining the intensity of Nuruk flavor. The intensities of Nuruk flavor in mashes and distilled liquors brewed by traditional Nuruk, cultured Nuruk, and a mixture of 30% $Sumizyme^{TM}$ and 70% cultured Nuruk were evaluated. The mash and distilled liquor prepared using a mixture of 30% $Sumizyme^{TM}$ and 70% cultured Nuruk showed significantly lower intensities of Nuruk flavor when compared with those of mashes and distilled liquors produced by the traditional and cultured Nuruk.