• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Recombinant interleukin-2(IL-2) has demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human, but the relatively low response rates observed in clinical trials. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate therapeutic activities of IL-2 for the establishment of therapeutic applications. At the onset of the experiment, normal C3H/HeN mice were injected with 5$\times$10$\^$6/ RD-995 tumor cells, murine ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, intraperitoneally. Beginning on day 6, experimental groups were treated with a 5-day course of IL-2(subcutaneous injection of 30,000 IU every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that body weight gradually decreased from 20th day in control mice. Subcutaneous IL-2 therapy prevented partially decrease body weight, and prolonged survival of mice compared with control group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.628-636
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a risk factor of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Estrogen deprivation has been suggested to cause alteration of lipid metabolism thereby creating a cellular microenvironment favoring tumor growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of estrogen depletion in combination with excess energy supply on breast tumor development. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated C3H/HeN mice at 4 wks were provided with either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HD) for 16 weeks. Breast tumors were induced by administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene once a week for six consecutive weeks. RESULTS: Study results showed higher serum concentrations of free fatty acids and insulin in the OVX+HD group compared to other groups. The average tumor volume was significantly larger in OVX+HD animals than in other groups. Expressions of mammary tumor insulin receptor and mammalian target of rapamycin proteins as well as the ratio of pAKT/AKT were significantly increased, while pAMPK/AMPK was decreased in OVX+HD animals compared to the sham-operated groups. Higher relative expression of liver fatty acid synthase mRNA was observed in OVX+HD mice compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that excess energy supply affects the accelerated mammary tumor growth in estrogen deprived mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 2006

The effects of the cell viability and integrity of Bifidobacterium on suppression of allergy were investigated. C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized on weeks 3, 4, 6, and 8 with ovalbumin and choleratoxin to induce an allergic reaction. Mice fed 0.2% of live, disrupted, or heat-killed Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 in the pellets of their diet for 8 weeks starting 2 weeks before initial sensitization differentially suppressed the allergy response in terms of levels of IgE and IgG1 in their sera, and symptoms on their tails. Viable Bifidobacterium was more effective than disrupted or heat-killed cells in suppressing the allergy. Growth inhibition, which occurred in the sham group at week 4, did not occur in the treated groups. These results show that Bifidobacterium has a suppressive effect on the allergic response of mice, and that the viability and integrity of the Bifidobacterium is required for effective suppression in our experimental model.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.267-281
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• 1993

To find antitumor components from higher fungi, the mycelia of Collybia confluens (Pers. ex Fr.) Kummer were cultured in artificial media. For efficient production of the mycelia, the influences of various modifications of culture conditions were examined. A water-soluble protein-bound polysaccharide fraction, Fr. A, was obtained from the mycelia by hot water extraction. When Fr. A was purified and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Sepbadex G-200 gel filtration chromatographies into four fractions which were designated B, C, C-I and C-II. The tumor inhibition ratios of these fractions ranged from 46% to 75% against the solid forms of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg/day when given intraperitoneally. Especially, Fr. C which was named Collyban(CB) exhibited a marked life-prolonging effect of the mice against ascitic forms of sarcoma 180 at a dose of 50 mg via i.p. administration. To extend spectra of the antitumor activities and eliminate the effects of allograft rejection, the characterization of antitumor effects of CB was performed in syngeneic host-tumor systems. It did not show any antitumor activity against L1210 murine leukemia in $CD_2Fl$ mice but prolonged their life span against ascitic forms of $MM_{46}$ carcinoma in $C_3H/He$ mice. Also it exhibited antitumor activity against human cervical cancer HeLa cells that were xenografted into nude mice having BALB/c genetic backgrounds by the i.p. injection at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. In order to characterize the antitumor components, CB was examined by chemical analysis. It was acidic protein-bound polysaccharides composed of 31% polysaccharide, 27% protein and 3% hexosamine. CB was fractionated into two fractions, Fr. C-I(M.W.: 500 Kd) and Fr. C-II(M.W.:30 and 8 Kd) by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2001

Recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) has demonstrated as an antineoplastic agent in mice and human, but the relatively low response rates observed in clinical trials. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in order to evaluate therapeutic activities of IL-2 for the establishment of therapeutic applications. At the onset of the experiment, normal C3H/HeN mice were injected with $3{\times}10^6$ RD-995 tumor cells, murine ultraviolet radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, subcutaneously. Beginning on day 25, experimental groups were treated with a 5-day course of IL-2 (subcutaneous injection of 30,000 IU every 12 hours for 5 days). The result of this experiment revealed that RD-995 tumor grew progressively in control mice. Subcutaneous IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 therapy decreased tumor growth until day 23, then the tumor grew progressively. No significant difference in the survival of IL-2 treated mice were observed compared with the control mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1974

It was planned to evaluate the influence of Panax Ginseng upon DNA synthesis of submandibular gland in mice by observing incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into the tissue cells. Thirty male mice $(body\;weight:\;18{\sim}20\;g)$ were divided equally into two groups. One group received every day (subcutaneously) 0. 05 ml/10 g body weight of ginseng extract(4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1ml of saline), while !he other group received the same amount of saline, for 5 days. On the 5th experimental day, all animals received $1\;{\mu}Ci/g$ body weight of $[^3H]$ thymidine intraperitoneally 2 hours after the last medication. Five animals, at a time, of each group were sacrificed 1, 10, and 24 hours after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration, and the radioactivity of cells in their mandibular gland was measured autoradiographically in terms of the % number of radioactive cells in 1,000 tell counts (Radioactive Index, R.I.). It was found that the radioactive indices of mice that received ginseng were lower than the corresponding values of mice that received saline. The inference from the above result was that the ginseng suppressed DNA synthesis of cells in the mandibular gland.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2001

The intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were studied using C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice as experimental hosts; the effects of immunosuppression were also observed. The metacercariae isolated from naturally infected oysters, 300 or 1,000 in number, were infected orally to each mouse, and the mice were killed at days 3-21 post-infection (PI). In immunocompetent (IC) mice, only a small number of flukes were found in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum during days 3-7 PI, with their large oral suckers pinching and sucking the root of villi. The intestinal mucosa showed mild villous atrophy crypt hyperplasia, and inflammations in the villous stroma and crypt, with remarkable goblet cell hyperplasia. These mucosal changes were almost restored after days 14-21 PI. In immunosuppressed (IS) mice. displacement as well as complete loss of villi adjacent to the flukes was frequently encountered, otherwise the histopathology was generally mild, with minimal goblet cell hyperplasia. In these mice, numerous flukes were found, and it seemed that they were actively moving and rotating in situ. Several flukes were found to have invaded into the submucosa, almost facing the serosa. These results indicate that in IC mice the intestinal histopathology caused by G. seoi is generally mild, and the flukes do not penetrate beyond the mucosa, however, in IS mice. the flukes can cause severe destruction of neighboring villi. and some of them invade into the submucosa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2000

The three-way rotational crossing experiment has been conducted to evaluate heterosis effects on jumping height and body weight. Yonakuni wild mice (Y) and two genetic groups of $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ (C) and C3H/HeNCrj (H) laboratory mice were used as materials. Reciprocal rotational crossing was made by crossing C male${\times}$Y female and Y male${\times}$C female to produce basic group designated $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$, respectively. The females of the $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$ were mated to the H sire to produce second generation ($G_1$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$), and at the following generation the replacement females were mated to Y or C sire according to the basic group to produce $G_2$ to $G_3$ and ${G_2}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$. Individual jumping height data at Wk6 and body weight data at 1 (Wk1), 3 (Wk3), 6 (Wk6) and 10 (Wk10) weeks of age were analyzed. The results showed that effects of genetic group, sex and interaction of genetic group by sex were significant (p<0.01) for jumping height. For males, 55.34%~79.17% and 54.46%~78.29% of heterosis were reached at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, respectively. While for females at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and at ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, heterosis effects were 61.53%~80.42% and 47.79%~85.86%, respectively. For body weight, genetic group was a significant source of variation at all ages studied. Sex effect was significant at Wk3, Wk6 and Wk10, and interaction between genetic group and sex was significant at Wk6 and Wk10 (p<0.01). C sires resulted in the highest body weight of offspring, while H sires were the intermediate and Y sires were the lightest. The significant positive and negative heterosis effects for body weight were exhibited. Crossing involved the Y sires in addition to smaller maternal effects of Y dams tended to result in small heterosis.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.14-17
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• 2001

Positional cloning (map-based cloning) of mutations or genetic variations has been served as an invaluable tool to understand in-vivo functions of genes and to identify molecular components underlying phenotypes of interest. Mice homozygous for the cerebellar deficient folia (cdf) mutation are ataxic, with cerebellar hypoplasia and abnormal lobulation of the cerebellum. In the cdf mutant cerebellum approximately 40% of Purkinje cells are ectopically located within the white matter and the inner granule cell layer (IGL). To identify the cdf gene, a high-resolution genetic map for the cdf-gene-encompassing region was constructed using 1997 F2 mice generated from C3H/HeSnJ-cdf/cdf and CAST/Ei intercross. The cdf gene showed complete linkage disequilibrium with three tightly linked markers D6Mit208, D6Mit359, and D6Mit225. A contig using YAC, BAC, and P1 clones was constructed for the cdf critical region to identify the gene. A deletion in the cdf critical region on chromosome 6 that removes approximately 150kb of DNA was identified. A gene associated with this deletion was identified using cDNA selection. cdf mutant mice with the transgenic copy of the identified gene restored the brain abnormalities of the mutant mice. The positional cloning of cdf gene provides a good example showing the identification of a gene could lead to finding a new component of important molecular pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1708-1714
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• 2011

This study investigated the possible anti-obesity effects of Hypsizigus marmoreus on high fat-fed mice. Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a normal diet group (N), a high-fat diet group (HF), and a high-fat diet with 5% Hypsizigus marmoreus group (HF-H). After 8 weeks, the body weights in the HF group significantly increased, while those of the HF-H group decreased. Also, liver and adipose tissue weights in the HF-H group significantly decreased. Total serum cholesterol, leptin, and insulin levels were significantly higher in the HF group than those of the N group, but lower than those of the HF-H group. Accumulation of hepatic lipids was apparent in the HF group, as indicated by HE staining and hepatic lipid analysis, while these effects were improved by supplements with Hypsizigus marmoreus in the HF-H group. Also, a reduction in adipocyte size of the epididymal adipose tissue was observed in the HF-H group. $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1c, and SCD-1 protein expressions were down-regulated in the epididymal adipose tissue of the HF-F group compared to the HF group. Taken together, these results suggest that Hypsizigus marmoreus may an effective anti-obesity treatment.