• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Steroid hormone is known to cause the dynamic changes of mammalian uterus during reproductive cycle, which are modulated via hypothalamus-pituitary -gonad reproductive endocrine axis. Although there were so many studies about estrogenic regulation of uterine growth and differentiation. There is little information about the effect of estrogen on the expression of various transcription factors involved in gene expression. Thus the present study was designed to demonstrate E induced expression of c-fos, c-jun, hsp25 mRNA in rat uterus. Employing Northern blot analysis, we studied the temporal expressions of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) elicited by a single 17beta-estradiol (E) treatment in the uteri of bilaterally ovariectomized adult rats. c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels were increased and peaked at 3h after E administration, and then c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were rapidly decreased to basal control level while, increased hsp25 mRNA levels were sustained till 12h post E treatment. To test the estrogenic effect on the increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels, we also examined the effects of antiestrogen (tamoxifen). Pretreatment with tamoxifen effectively blocked the E-induced increase of c-fos, c-jun, and hsp25 mRNA levels at 3h post E treatment. Present results suggest that transient increase of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene mRNA at the early time and simultaneous expression of hsp25 mRNA contribute to the response of uterine tissues to E in adult female rats.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 2018

Objective : The diagnosis of insufficiency fractures of the sacrum in an elder population increases annually. Fractures show very different morphology. We aimed to classify sacral insufficiency fractures according to the position of cortical break and possible need for intervention. Methods : Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014, all patients with a proven fracture of the sacrum following a low-energy or an even unnoticed trauma were prospectively registered : 117 females and 13 males. All patients had a computer tomography of the pelvic ring, two patients had a magnetic resonance imaging additionally : localization and involvement of the fracture lines into the sacroiliac joint, neural foramina or the spinal canal were identified. Results : Patients were aged between 46 and 98 years (mean, 79.8 years). Seventy-seven patients had an unilateral fracture of the sacral ala, 41 bilateral ala fractures and 12 patients showed a fracture of the sacral corpus : a total of 171 fractures were analyzed. The first group A included fractures of the sacral ala which were assessed to have no or less mechanical importance (n=53) : fractures with no cortical disruption ("bone bruise") (A1; n=2), cortical deformation of the anterior cortical bone (A2; n=4), and fracture of the anterolateral rim of ala (A3; n=47). Complete fractures of the sacral ala (B; n=106) : parallel to the sacroiliac joint (B1; n=63), into the sacroiliac joint (B2; n=19), and involvement of the sacral foramina respectively the spinal canal (B3; n=24). Central fractures involving the sacral corpus (C; n=12) : fracture limited to the corpus or finishing into one ala (C1; n=3), unidirectional including the neural foramina or the spinal canal or both (C2; n=2), and horizontal fractures of the corpus with bilateral sagittal completion (C3; n=8). Sixty-eight fractures proceeded into the sacroiliac joint, 34 fractures showed an injury of foramina or canal. Conclusion : The new classification allowes the differentiation of fractures of less mechanical importance and a risk assessment for possible polymethyl methacrylate leaks during sacroplasty in the direction of the neurological structures. In addition, identification of instable fractures in need for laminectomy and surgical stabilization is possible.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5139-5145
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• 2016

There has been an increment in the number of studies focused on marine bioactive materials. Many peptides and other biomaterials with anticancer potential have been extracted from various marine animals. Artemia extracts have found uses in sun-light protection cosmetics and anti-aging products. However, contents of biochemical compounds in Artemia spp. and molecular mechanisms of have not been clearly studied in leukemic cells in vitro. In this work, we isolated and purified proteins of Artemia Urmiana. Six clear fractions (A-F) observed on DEAE-cellulose chromatography were assayed for effects on cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis using the human leukemic HL-60 cell line. Cell proliferation analysis by MTT and BrdU assays indicated that did not affect cells, growth. Cells treated with crude extract and fractions A, B and C, but not E and F (up to $100{\mu}g/mL$), exhibited increase of cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Stimulatory effects of fraction D were observed at concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. In nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assays, treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of fraction E or F for 96 hr increased the fraction of differentiated cells up to $14.8{\pm}3.56%$ and $16.5{\pm}2.08%$ respectively. Combination of those fractions with retinoic acid had significant synergistic effects on the differentiation of cells ($56.8{\pm}3.7%$ and $67.4{\pm}4.2%$, $p{\leq}0.01$). Annexin-V FITC staining for apoptosis and flow cytometric assays indicated induction of apoptosis by fractions E and F up to 23.8 and 31.8% of cells.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.585-594
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• 2020

At present, aging-related degenerative muscle diseases are considered a serious problem. However, the drug effect on the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of extract of Pu'er tea as a remedy to alleviate the symptoms of sarcopenia. Pu'er tea extracts showed excellent radical scavenging ability. The expression of Myh3 was promoted and myotube formation also was increased by treatment of Pu'er tea extracts. These results suggest that Pu'er tea is a natural substance that promotes myogenesis, and is valuable as a material for pharmaceutical research on the prevention and treatment of various muscle diseases, including sarcopenia. And It is necessary to confirm specific indicator substances of puer tea and further study on this.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2017

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 is a class of steroid glycoside and triterpene saponin in Panax ginseng. Many studies suggest that Rg1 suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1. However, the detail molecular mechanism of Rg1 on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 is still not fully understood. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocyte was used to evaluate the effect of Rg1 on adipocyte development in the differentiation in a stage-dependent manner in vitro. Oil Red O staining and Nile red staining were conducted to measure intracellular lipid accumulation and superoxide production, respectively. We analyzed the protein expression using Western blot in vitro. The zebrafish model was used to investigate whether Rg1 suppresses the early stage of fat accumulation in vivo. Results: Rg1 decreased lipid accumulation in early-stage differentiation of 3T3-L1 compared with intermediate and later stages of adipocyte differentiation. Rg1 dramatically increased CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein-10 (CHOP10) and subsequently reduced the $C/EBP{\beta}$ transcriptional activity that prohibited the initiation of adipogenic marker expression as well as triglyceride synthase. Rg1 decreased the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$, which are also essential for stimulating the expression of $CEBP{\beta}$. Rg1 also reduced reactive oxygen species production because of the downregulated protein level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4). While Rg1 increased the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, it also dramatically decreased the accumulation of lipid and triglyceride in high fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Conclusion: We demonstrated that Rg1 suppresses early-stage differentiation via the activation of CHOP10 and attenuates fat accumulation in vivo. These results indicate that Rg1 might have the potential to reduce body fat accumulation in the early stage of obesity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune activation effect of Sasamsaengmaek-san (SSSMS) consisted of a mixture of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Liriope platyphylla, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and Schisandra chinensis. in Balb/c mice. Measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels in Balb/c mice was performed to analyze the cytotoxicity. Cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12) which regulate the immune activation in Balb/c mice were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), spleen, lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry using percentages. All tests were compared with red ginseng 100 ㎍/mL (RG 100), which is the most used for immune activity. As a result, cytokine activity was significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. Activated T lymphocytes in PBMC, spleen, lymph nodes were significantly increased at SSSMS 300 group. These results suggest that there is a possibility of SSSMS activating an immune system by activating the cytokines, and it is confirmed that SSSMS also effective for generation and differentiation of T, B lymphocytes which activate the immune response.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1999

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase(PKA) is an intracellular enzyme with serine-threonine kinase activity that plays a key role in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in eukaryotes. In order to understand the PKA signal transduction pathway regulating cell life cycle and identify its role, we focused on the characterization of up-/down-regulated genes by PKA using the differential display polymerase chain reaction. Seven differentially expressed sequence tags(DEST) have been obtained. Among these DESTs, 2 DESTs were homologous to the sequence of genes from BLAST search result. KC1-5 DEST that was up-regulated in A123.7 cells was highly corresponded to mouse apoptosis-related gene(MA-3) or mouse mRNA for topoisomerase inhibitor suppressed(TIS). MA-3 was induced in various types of apoptosis, specially in NGF-deprived apoptotic PC12 cells. TIS was down-regulated in the RVC lymphoma cells incubated with topoisomerase inhibitor that induces DNA strand breakages. PG1-1 DEST that was highly expressed in PC12 cells was corresponded to transposon Tn10 3'-end. Tnansposon Tn10 was up-regulated in differentiated myeloblastic ML-1 cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. This study illuminates that MA-3/TIS was down-regulated by PKA activity, and transposon Tn10 was up-regulated by it.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

In chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis, it has been suggested that matrix metalloproteinases secreted from infiltrating neutrophil contribute the pathogenesis of the disease and have been a focus of intense investigation. We report here that hamster tracheal surface epithelial goblet cells (HTSE cells) produce matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Matrix metalloproteinase activities were investigated using [$^3H$]collagen-digestion assay and gelatin zymography. The subtype of matrix metalloproteinases expressed from HTSE cells was MMP-2 (gelatinase A), which was determined by Western blot with various subtype selective anti-matrix metalloproteinase antibodies. The MMP-2 and TIMP-2 cDNAs from HTSE cells were partially cloned by RT-PCR and they reveal more than 90% of sequence homology with those from human, rat and mouse. The collagenolytic activity was increased with the secretory differentiation of the HTSE cell and it was found that zymogen activation was responsible for the increased MMP-2 activity in HTSE cells. The results from the present study suggest that the metaplastic secretory differentiation of airway goblet cells may affect chronic airway inflammatory process by augmenting the zymogen activation of MMP-2.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1992

In the short-term treahent of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the'Wh and PDGF induced the Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation and migration from the cytoplasm to the peripheral nulcear membrane. And the activated PKC which was directly or indirectly stimulated by TPA or PDGF Phosphorylated many kinds of PKC's targeting proteins and induces various biological responses. Especially, the cytoplasmic PKC was phosphorylated within 1 hr and 10 min by TPA-and PDGF-treahent respectivelv. In the long-term treatment of TPA or PDGF, both of them induced the down-regulation and translocation of PKC in the mvoblasts. The down-regulation of PKC isozyrnes, the pattern of PKC I and ll was similar to the PKC 111 isozpnes in the cytoplasm. But in the nucleolus, the TPA did not induce and down-regulation or the inhibition of the immunoreactivity of PKC III antibody. This investigation indicates that each isozvmes of PKC mal be performed the different effects to the down-regulation of the cytoplasm or nucleolus. And douvn-regulated myoblasts contained low immunoreactivity of PKC antibodies.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.286-293
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• 1995

The present studies were undertaken to examine the activitites of PKC isoforms in cultures of chick limb mesenchvme. Micromass cultures were prepared using wing buds of stage 23/24 (Hamburger and Hamilton, 19511 chick embryo. The cells were homogenized and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was performed to get fraction containing protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC isoforms were resolved with hvdroxyapatitie column chromatography. Profile of PKC isoforms of cultures were compared with that of rat brain. Activity of $PKC-\beta$ isoform was appeared at the early stage of chondrogenesis. On 3 daw of culture, activities of both PKC a and $\beta$ were observed with remarkable increase but no activity of y isoform was appeared. Treatment of phorbol-12-mvristate-13-acetate (PMA) (10-7 M) to the culture inhibited chondrosenesis and down-regulated a and $\beta$ isoforms. Staurosporine promoted chondro!genesis without any effect on PKC isioforms profile. These data indicate that PKC a and $\beta,$ especiallv $\beta$ isoform is related to chondrosenesis and the promoting effect of staurosporine on chondrogenesis is not related to PKC isoforms activities.