• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tissue inhibitor of matalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Activin A and Heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) on in vitro production of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, presumptive zygotes were cultured in the medium supplemented with TIMP-1 ($0.5{\mu}g/ml$), Activin A (100 ng/ml), or HB-EGF (100 ng/ml) at $39^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% (v/v) $CO_2$, 5% (v/v) $O_2$ and 90% (v/v) $N_2$. In experiment 2, TIMP-1 + HB-EGF or Activin A + HB-EGF combinations were supplemented in the culture medium. The developmental rate to blastocysts, hatching rate and total cell numbers of the blastocysts were evaluated in both experiments. The embryos cultured in medium without growth factor supplementation was used as control group. In experiment 1, the embryos cultured in medium supplemented with TIMP-1 and Activin A showed significantly higher developmental rate to blastocysts than those cultured with HB-EGF and control (36.9%, 34.1%, 21.2% and 23.1%, respectively) (P<0.0001). However, the hatching rate of blastocyst was significantly higher in embryos with HB-EGF than those with TIMP-1, Actvin A and Control groups (84.4%, 58.8%, 51.4% and 49.3%, respectively) (P<0.001). Total cell number per blastocyst was also significantly higher in embryos with HB-EGF group ($174.3{\pm}2.5$) than those with TIMP-1, Activin A (149.7 and 150.0, respectively) (P<0.05) and Control (119.0) (P<0.001). In experiment 2, embryos cultured with combined treatment of Activin A and HB-EGF resulted in significantly higher rates of blastocysts formation (48.0%), hatching rate (89.7%) and total cell number in blastocyst ($182.3{\pm}2.1$) than those with TIMP-1 and HB-EGF combination group (32.0%, P<0.001; 76.6%, P<0.05; $165.7{\pm}4.2$, P<0.001, respectively). Our data demonstrate that in vitro production of bovine embryos could be improved by combined supplementation of Activin A and HB-EGF in culture medium.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1993

These experiments were undertaken to establish the optimal culture systems for in vitro maturation, fertilization and subsequently embryonic development of porcine immature follicular oocytes isolated from the ovary of slaughtered pigs. Porcine ovaries were brought to the laboratory from local slaughter house within 1 hour after slaughtering and cumulus oocytes complexes were recovered from antral follicles (3~5mm) with 23 gauge needle. To maturate follicular oocytes, cumulus oocytes complexes were washed three times with TCM-199 containing 25mM HEPES and incubated (39$^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2 in air) for 42hrs. Ejaculated and liquid storaged boar spermatozoa capacitated with different sperm capacitation methods and media were prepared forfertilizaing of matured follicular oocytes in vitro. Fertilization was performed by adding 5~10${mu}ell$ of capacitated spermatozoa containing 1~5$\times$105 sperm/ml to droplets. Eighteen to twenty-eight hours after sperm insemination, fertilized eggs were washed three times with culture media and transferred to the culture media. The fertilization rates of in vitro matured follicular oocytes cultured in B. O., TCM-HEPES, m-KRB, and TALP-II media were 61.3%, 83.0%, 88.9% and 89.2%, respectively. In addition, the polyspermy rates were 60.7%, 66.5%, 53.8%, and 43.9%, respectively. These data indicated that the highest of fertilization and the lowest of polyspermy rate was shown in TALP-II medium. Spermatozoa capacitated by caffeine, heparin, and percoll density gradient treatment in the 4 different media, the fertilization rates were 33.0~57.2%, 39.9~90.2%, and 52.6~92.8%, respectively, showing the lowest rate in caffeine treatment. The development rate of follicular oocytes, fertilized with the spermatozoa capacitated by caffeine, heparin, and percoll gradient in the TALP-II medium, upto 2 to 4-cell stages were 32.6%, 74.5% and 70.9%, respectively. Finally, fertilization rates of follicular oocytes cultured with follicular fluid containing medium from 10 to 100% were 61.2~94.1% and the rates (90~94%) with 10~20% follicular fluids were significantly higher than those (85.3%) of cultured in the media without follicular fluid. In addition, the rates of pronucleus formation were also higher in follicular fluid treated group (73.1~83.0%) than those (64.7%) of oocytes cultured without follicular fluid. The highest fertilization and pronucleus formation rates was found in oocytes cultured with 10% follicular fluid. These results suggest that the addition of heparin or percoll density gradient method is better capacitation method. Furthermore, the addition of porcine follicular fluid to the fertilization medium may improve the fertilization rates and formation of pronucleus.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

This study was conducted to detect the apoptosis incidence in blastocysts and to compare the abundance of Bax, Bcl2L1, VEGF and FGFR2 in in vitro fertilized (IVF), parthenogenetic (PAT) and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Oocytes matured for 40 hr were enucleated and reconstructed with confluenced fetal fibroblasts (FFs) derived from a ${\sim}45$ day fetus. Reconstructed eggs were then fused with 2 DC pulses (2.0 kV/cm, $30{\mu}sec$) and cultured with $7.5{\mu}g/ml$ cytochalasin B for 3 hr. Parthenotes (PAT) were produced with the same electric strength and culture for NT eggs. The embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium at $39^{\circ}C,\;5%\;CO_2,\;5%\l;O_2$ in air. In 3 runs, set of 10 embryos at the 4-cell to blastocyst stages were used to extract total RNA for analyzing the gene expression patterns of pro-apoptotic (Bax), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2L1), vasculogenesis (VEGF), implantation (FGFR2III) using real-time quantitative PCR. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in IVF and PAT ($79.3{\pm}8.5\;and\;25.5{\pm}6.1,\;and\;85.0{\pm}6.4\;and\;38.6{\pm}5.5$, respectively)than NT counterparts ($65.1{\pm}5.2\;and\;15.6{\pm}3.0$, respectively). Significantly higher (P<0.05) total cells were observed in IVF controls and PAT ($34.7{\pm}5.8\;and\;38.1{\pm}4.1$) than NT embryos ($24.8{\pm}3.2$). Apoptosis index was significantly lower (P<0.05) in IVF than NT embryos. The Relative abundances (RA) of Bax and VEGF were significantly higher (P<0.05) at blastocyst stage in NT than IVF control. The RA of Bcl2L1 and FGFR2III were significantly higher (P<0.05) at blastocyst stage in IVF than NT. The present study observed the abnormal gene expressions in NT embryos at various developmental stages, suggesting certain clues to find out the cause of the low efficiency of NT to term.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1989

The effects of prostaglandin $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ on the contractility of vascular smooth muscle were investigated in the helical strip of the rabbit aorta. The aortic strip was immersed in the phosphate-buffered Tyrode's solution which was equilibrated with 100% $O_{2}$ at $35^{\circ}C$ and its isometric tension was measured. The contraction was induced by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$, norepinephrine (NE), or potassium (40 mM) in the nomal Tyrode's solution (1 mM, $Ca^{2+}$) or $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution. Effects of verapamil and phentolamine on the contraction were also observed. The aortic strip began to contract at the concentration of $5\;{\mu}g%$ and reached the maximal contraction at the concentration of $150\;{\mu}g%$ $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$. The maximal contraction was corresponded respectively to $52.2{\pm}3.0%$ and $81.5{\pm}3.5%$ of maximal contraction by NE $(1{\times}10^{-5}M)$ and 40 mM $K^{+}$. And the maximal contractions by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ or NE were induced at the concentration of about 1 mM $Ca^{2+}$. $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ induced the contraction of aortic strip even after induction of contraction by 40 mM $K^{+}$ and the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ was not blocked by the ${\alpha}-receptor$ blocker, phentolamine. And the contraction by the $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ was inhibited partially by a verapamil at the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-5}M$ and the contraction began to increase at the concentration of $1{\times}10^{-4}M$ verapamil. Whereas the contraction by NE was completely blocked by verapamil. Though both the $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ and NE induced the contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution, the peak tension was not maintained. But the rate of tension decline was lower in the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ than in that by NE. The verapamil did not inhibit the contraction by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution and increased the contraction at the concentration of above $1{\times}10^{-4}M$. The NE-induced contraction in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution was inhibited completely by a verapamil. From the above results it is suggested that the contraction induced by $(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ results from the promotion of the both $Ca^{2+}$ influx and the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release by different way from NE.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2017

귤나무속 과수의 주요 해충인 귤응애의 방제효과 극대화를 위해 괭이밥의 천적유지식물 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 괭이밥을 지피식물로 조성한 처리구에서 일반 초생재배구에 비해 포식성 응애류 밀도가 평균 3배 이상 높게 나타났으며, 제초구에 비해 3.7배 낮은 귤응애 발생 밀도를 확인 할 수 있었다. 칠레이리응애는 괭이밥응애 알과 성충을 포식하지 못하였고, 사막이리응애는 일일 평균 괭이밥응애 알 1.96개와 암컷 성충 1.93개를 포식하였다. 온도 $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 습도 $70{\pm}5%$, 광조건 16L : 8D로 설정된 사육실에서 괭이밥응애 알에서 성충까지 17.4일이 소요되었으며 77.5%의 부화율과 84.8%의 유충생존율을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 1998

전리함을 사용한 흡수선량 측정시 대기 보정계수의 측정은 필수적인 요소이다. 일반적으로는 기압계 및 온도계를 이용하여 대기 보정계수를 얻고 있는데 본 실험에서는 $^{90}Sr$ 방사성 등위원소를 사용하여 보정계수를 얻고 그 값들을 비교하고자 한다. PTW 사의 Radioactive Check Device, Unidos Elecetrometer 및 0.6 co Ion Chamber를 이용하여 각각의 다른 환경 조건하에서 대기 보정계수를 구하고 온도계와 기압계를 사용하여 구한 대기 보정계수를 비교해 본 결과 그들은 0.2 % 이내로 잘 일치가 되었다. 이론적으로 온도계 및 기압계를 사용할 경우 전체 선량의 불확정도는 ${\pm}$1.2 - 1.6 % 인데 반하여 $^{90}Sr$ 방사성 동위원소를 사용할 경우 전체 선량의 불확정도는 ${\pm}1.02%$로 계산할 수 있다. $^{90}Sr$ 방사성 동위원소를 사용한 방법은 온도계 및 기압계의 정기적인 검교정이 없을 경우 발생할 수 있는 오차를 줄일 수 있으며 보다 정확한 보정계수를 얻을 수 있다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 1984

The intrauterine irradiation is essential to achieve adequate tumor dose to central tumor mass of uterine malignancy in radiotherapy. The complications of pelvic organ are known to be directly related to radiation dose and physical parameters. The simulation radiation and medical records of 203 patients who were treated with intrauterine irradiation from Feb. 1983 to Oct. 1983, were critically analized. The physical parameters to include distances between lateral walls of vaginal fornices, longitudinal and lateral angles of tandem applicator to the body axis, the distance from the external os of uterine cervix to the central axis of ovoids were measured for low dose rate irradiation system and high dose rate remote control afterloading system. The radiation doses and dose distributions within cervical area including interesting points and bladder, rectum, according to sources arrangement and location of applicator, were estimated with personal computer. Followings were summary of study results ; 1. In distances between lateral walls of vaginal fornices, the low dose rate system showed as $4\~7cm$ width and high dose rate system showed as $5\~6cm$. 2. In horizontal angulation of tandem to body axis, the low dose rate system revealed mid position$64.6\%$, left deviation $19.2\%$and right deviation $16.2\%$. 3. In longitudinal angulation of tandem to body axis, the mid position was $11.8\%$ and anterior angulation $88.2\%$ in low dose rate system but in high dose rate system, anterior angulation was $98.5\%$. 4. Down ward displacement of ovoids below external os was only $3\%$ in low dose rate system and $66.7\%$ in high dose rate system. 5. In radiation source arrangement, the most activities of tandem and ovoid were 35 by 30 in low dose rate system but 50 by 40 in high dose rate system. 6. In low and high dose rate system, the total doses an4 TDF were 50, 70 Gy and 141, 123, including 40 Gy external irradiation. 7. The doses and TDF in interesting points Co, B, were 93, 47 Gy and 230, 73 in high dose rate system but in low doss rate system, 123, 52 Gy and 262, 75 respectively. 8. Doses and TDF in bladder and rectum were 70, 68 Gy and 124, 120 in low dose rate system, but in high dose rate system, 58, 64 Gy 98, 110 respectively, and then grades of injuries in bladder and rectum were 25, $30\%$ and 18, $23\%$ respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

천연 호르몬 보충 제제의 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 이란산 흑석류 과즙 농축액과 이를 이용한 제품의 화학성분들을 분석하였다. 석류 농축액의 일반성분은 수분 39.3%, 조지방 0.4%, 조단백질 0.9%, 조회분 1.4%, 그리고 탄수화물은 42.0%이었다. 아미노산 함량은 글루탐산이 1310.0ppm, 아스파르트산이 896.2ppm, 아르기닌이 877.7ppm, 페닐알라닌이 57.5ppm순으로 무기 성분들은 철분 6640.0ppm, 염소 3464.0ppm, 칼륨 2550.8ppm, 인 150.0ppm, 칼슘 80.0ppm순으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 비타민은 5가지의 수용성 비타민이 함유되어 있었으며 그 중 비타민 C(20mg/100g)를 제외한 나머지 비타민들이 아주 적은 양이 있었다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(8.3%)와 stearic acid(69.4%)로 전체 지방산의 약 60~80%를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 6종의 Phyto 및 에스트로겐류가 들어 있었으며 각각 daidzein 23.72ppm, quercetin 9,75ppm, catechin 1.48ppm, genistein 0.29ppm, 2,3-di-MeO-estradiol이 0.04ppm, 그리고 17$\beta$-에스트라디올이 0.15ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 석류 농축액으로 제조한 제품 포에버 120과 칡과 대두 isoflavon 농축분말과 비교하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

화석연료는 사용 후 재생이 불가능하고 매장량이 한정되어 있으며, 연소 시 발생되는 각종 공해물질로 인해 환경문제를 야기하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 차세대 청정대체에너지로서 주목을 받고 있는 것이 바로 수소에너지이다. 현재 가장 경제성이 있는 수소제조방법으로 알려진 천연가스 Steam Reformig(SRM)은 천연가스의 매장량 한계성으로 인해 그 제조비용이 높아지고 있어, 바이오매스 및 유기성 폐기물의 가스화를 통한 수소생산방법이 자원의 재순환, 페기물 처리, 열원의 이용, 직접적인 $CO_2$ 삭감 등의 부수적인 효과가 높아 경제성 있는 수소제조법으로 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 잠재적으로 고갈 염려가 있는 화석연료를 대체하고, 화석연료의 연소 시 발생되는 환경문제를 해결하고자 열분해로와 고온개질기로 구성된 Pilot-scale Two Stage Gasifier를 개발하고, 본 장치 내에서의 biomass의 가스화 특성을 평가하고자 한다. 열분 해로에서의 가스화 실험 결과, 열분해로의 전환율은 약 70%로 나타났으며, $H_2$, $CH_4$, CO, $CO_2$의 평균 생성량은 각각 16.7, 11.3, 37.2, 26.6 L/mim의 결과를 보였다. 고온개질기로부터의 생성가스 수율의 결과로부터, 고온개질기에 적용된 $1100^{\circ}C$의 초고온에서의 개질 반응에 의해 $CH_4$의 대부분이 환원됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구로부터 개발된 장치의 냉가스 효율은 53.2%로 비교적 높은 결과가 얻어졌으며, 수소에 대한 평균 생성량은 55.4 L/min의 결과를 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.554-566
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• 2018

The rice husk contains nutrients which can be easily utilized by microorganisms, and also has a water retaining ability, which played a crucial part in enabling it to become a biofilter media. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of rice husk pellet bio-scrubber as a microbiological carrier. The pelletization experiment of rice husk as a biological media was performed using PVA and EVA binder. Also, the feasibility tests of rice husk as a biological media for odor removal were carried out in order to know whether rice-husk contains useful components as a media for microbiological growth or not. Lastly, a combined test for odor gas absorption and biological oxidation was conducted using a lab scale bio-filter set-up packed with rice-husk pellets as wet-scrubber. The major components of the rice husk were carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, while carbon acted as the main ingredient which comprised up to 23.00%. The C : N : P ratio was calculated as 45 : 1 : 2. Oxygen uptake rate, yield and decay rate of the rice husk eluent was calculated to be $0.0049mgO_2/L/sec$, 0.24 mgSS/mgCOD and 0.004 respectively. The most stable form of rice husk pellets was produced when the weight of the rice husk, EVAc, PVAc, and distilled water was 10 : 2 : 0.2 : 10. The prepared rice husk pellets had an apparent density of 368 g/L and a porosity of 59.00% upon filling. Dry rice husks showed high adsorption capacity for ammonia gas but low adsorption capacity for hydrogen sulfide. The bio-filter odor removal column filled with rice husk pellets showed more than 99.50% removal efficiency for NH3 and H2S gas. Through the analysis of circulation water, the prime removal mechanism is assumed to be the dissolution by water, microbial nitrification, and sulfation. Finally, it was confirmed that the microorganisms could survive well on the rice husk pellets, which provided them a stable supply of nutrients for their activity in this long-term experiment. This adequate supply of nutrients from the rice husk enabled high removal efficiency by the microorganisms.