• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c is used as an objective indicator of long-term blood glucose control in diabetic patients. We evaluated recently introduced Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c (Daiichi Pure Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) test reagent using enzyme method for HbA1c assay. Linearity, precision and correlation with VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo HbA1c analyzer (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) were evaluated. The reference range was determined from 201 healthy subjects. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent was founded to be linear in a range of 5.6% to 14.0% ($r^2=0.9885$). The within-run and between-day precision were 0.954% and 1.03% for low level (HbA1c 5.24%), 0.67% and 1.28% for high level (HbA1c 9.01%), respectively. Comparison study between Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent and VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo showed good correlation with a slope of 1.0489. an intercept at -0.9717, and coefficient of correlation was 0.9907. The reference range of HbA1c obtained from this reagent was 4.07-5.50%. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent showed good linearity, precision and correlation with HbA1c analyzer with HPLC method. In addition, the exclusive analyzer is not required for assay and then this kit may be useful for HbA1c assay in clinical laboratory.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2014

The induction of detoxification enzymes by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and its synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) conjugate (NAC-BITC) was examined in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells. BITC and NAC-BITC inhibited Hepa1c1c7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Cell growth was 4.5~57.2% lower in Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with $0.1{\sim}1.0{\mu}M$ BITC than in control-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells. The NAC-BITC treatment had a similar inhibitory pattern on Hepa1c1c7 cell growth; $0.5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC decreased cell growth by 13.6% and 47.4%, respectively. Treatment of Hepa1c1c7 cells with $0.1{\sim}2.0{\mu}M$ BITC also elicited a dose-response effect on the induction of quinone reductase quinone reductase (QR) activity and QR mRNA expression. Treatment with $1{\mu}M$ and $2{\mu}M$ BITC caused 1.8- and 2.8-fold inductions of QR mRNA, respectively. By comparison, treatment with $1{\mu}M$ and $2{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC caused 1.6-and 1.9-fold inductions of QR mRNA, respectively. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP2E1 induction were lower in $0.1{\sim}2{\mu}M$ BITC-treated cells than in control-treated cells. CYP2E1 activity was 1.2-fold greater in $0.1{\mu}M$ NAC-BITC-treated cells than in control-treated cells. However, the CYP2E1 activity of cells treated with higher concentrations (i.e., $1{\sim}2{\mu}M$) of NAC-BITC was similar to the activity of control-treated cells. Considering the potential of isothiocyanatesto prevent cancer, these results provide support for the use of BITC and NAC-BITC conjugates as chemopreventive agents.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2021

Objective : Accurate measurement of T1 slope (a component of T1s minus cervical lordosis [CL]) is often constrained by anatomical limitations. In this situation, efforts should be made to find the exact meaning of T1s-CL and whether there are any alternatives to it. Methods : We enrolled 117 patients who received two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Occipital slope, C2 slope (C2s), C7 slope (C7s), T1, O-C2 angle (O-C2A), C2-7 angle (C2-7A), O-C7 angle (O-C7A), T1s-CL, C7-T1 angle (C7-T1A), and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis were measured. We determined 16° (T1s-CL) as the reference point for dividing subjects into the mismatch group and the balance group, and a comparative analysis was performed. Results : The mean value of C7-T1A was constantly maintained within 2.6° peri-operatively. In addition, C2s and T1s-CL showed the same absolute change (Δ|0.8|°). The mean values of T1s-CL of the mismatch and balance groups were 23.0° and 7.6°, respectively. The five factors with the largest differences between the two groups were as follows : C2s (Δ13.3°), T1s-CL (Δ15.4°), O-C2A (Δ8.7°), C2-7A (Δ14.7°), and segmental angle (Δ7.9°) before surgery. Only four factors showed statistically significant change between the two groups after ACDF : T1s-CL (Δ4.0° vs. Δ0.2°), C2s (Δ3.2° vs. Δ0.7°), O-C2A (Δ2.6° vs. Δ1.3°), C2-7A (Δ6.3° vs. Δ1.3°). A very strong correlation between T1s-CL and C2s was also found (r=|0.88-0.96|). Conclusion : C2s itself may be the essential key to represent T1s-CL. The amounts and directions of change of these two factors (T1s-CL and C2s) were also almost identical. The above phenomenon was re-confirmed once again through the correlation analysis.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.18-35
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• 1999

Phase equilibria in the system Si3N4-TiC-TiCxN1-x-C-N were determined by thermodynamic calculations (CALPHAD-method). The reaction peaction paths for Si3N4-TiC and SiC-TiC composites in the Ti-Si-C-n system were simulated at I bar N2-pressure and varying terpreatures. At a temperature of 1923 K two tie-triangles (TiC0.34N0.66+SiC+C and TiC0.13N0.87+SiC+Si3N4) and two 2-phase fieds (TiCxN1-x+SiC; 0.13

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

목 적: 음경암(carcinoma of the penis)의 방사선치료 시 발생되는 산란선으로부터 고환(testis)을 보호하고, 치료 자세 재현성을 유지하기 위한 device를 제작하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 팬텀(Phantom)고환은 바셀린 거즈로 제작하였으며, device는 두께 5 mm 아크릴과 4 mm 납으로 제작하였다. 조사야는 $3{\times}3\;cm^2$, $4{\times}4\;cm^2$, $5{\times}5\;cm^2$, $6{\times}6\;cm^2$, $7{\times}7\;cm^2$ 그리고 조사야 경계면에서부터 고환의 거리는 4~10 cm까지 1 cm 간격으로 이격(離隔)하였으며, 팬텀고환 부위의 산란선량을 차폐 전과 후 각각 10회 측정하였다. 6 MV X선을 이용하여 200 cGy를 조사하였다. 결 과: 미차폐 시 거리(4~10 cm)에 따라 14.8~4.7 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 15.7~5.2 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 17.6~5.5 cGy ($5{\times}5\;cm^2$), 19.9~6.6 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 22.2~7.6 cGy (7x7 cm2)의 산란선량이 측정 되었고, 차폐 시에는 7.1~2.6 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 8.9~3.6 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 12.3~4.8 cGy (5x5 cm2), 14.6~5.0 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 21.1~6.4 cGy ($7{\times}7\;cm^2$)로 감소하였으며, 차폐 전과 후 감소폭은 조사야 크기($3{\times}3~7{\times}7\;cm^2$)에 따라 7.8∼1.1 cGy (4 cm), 5.1~1.2 cGy (5 cm), 3.8~1.1 cGy (6 cm), 3.4~1.7 cGy (7cm), 2.8~1.7 cGy (8 cm), 2.4~2.5 cGy (9 cm), 2.1~1.8 cGy (10 cm) 거리에(4∼10 cm)에 따른 감소폭은 7.8~2.1 cGy ($3{\times}3\;cm^2$), 6.9~1.6 cGy ($4{\times}4\;cm^2$), 5.3~0.8 cGy ($5{\times}5\;cm^2$), 5.3~1.5 cGy ($6{\times}6\;cm^2$), 1.1~1.8 cGy ($7{\times}7\;cm^2$) 측정되었다. 결 론: 음경암의 방사선치료 시 자체 제작한 device를 사용하여 팬텀고환 주변의 산란선 측정결과 device 사용 시 거리를 이격과 팬텀고환 주위를 차폐함으로 불필요한 피폭을 줄 일수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.297-297
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• 1987

A $C_{1}$ enriched cellulase fraction was separated from culture filtrate of anaerobic Clostridium thermocellum by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The separated fraction showed strong synergistic action with $C_{x}$ component (endo-$\beta$-1, 4-glucanase) in digestion of crystalline cellulose, similar to the other aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms. Unlike the $C_{x}$ component the $C_{1}$ enriched fraction was rapidly inactivated by oxidation at the atmospheric condition. The enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by the addition of reducing agents, especially $\beta$-mercaptoethanol, which indicates that a $C_{1}$ component has a lot of sulfhydryl groups essential for the enzyme activity. The effect of metal ions on $C_{1}$ activity was also investigated. The $C_{1}$ fraction was found to be thermally stable compare to endo-$\beta$-1,4-glucanase. Optimal temperature and pH were found to be 60.deg.C and 6.0, respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.595-600
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• 1997

오징어 가공부산물인 오징어내장을 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 방법으로 내장에서의 지방 추출 및 추출지방의 특성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 원양산과 연안산의 총지방량은 각각 $30.50\%,\;30.25\%$였으며 중성지질은 $96.24\%,\;94.82\%$, 당지질은 $2.63\%,\;2.85\%$, 인지질은 $2.37\%,\;2.34\%$으로 나타났으며 콜레스테롤 함량은 $644mg\%,\;1,224mg\%$를 각각 나타내었다. 2) 원양산 및 연안산 오징어의 주요 지방산은 모두 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$으로 나타났으며 중성지방질의 획분조성도 서로 유사하여 품종간의 유의차가 인정되지 않았으나 두군 모두 free fatty acid 함량이 가장 높은 $44.01\%,\;39.63\%$를 각각 나타내었다. 3) 원양산의 분획별 주요지방산은 중성지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;5\omega3$, 인지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C16\;:\;1\omega7,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$ 당지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$으로 나타났다. 4) 연안산의 분획별 주요지방산은 중성지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 나타났으며 인지질획분에서는 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 당질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1991

The preparation of zirconium carbide powders by the halogenide process of ZrCl4-C-Mg system (1:1:2, molar ratio) was studied between 300。 and 120$0^{\circ}C$ under Ar gas flow (200 mι/min). The formation mechanism and kinetics of zirconium carbide and characteristics of the synthesized powder were examined by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM and PSA. 1) The formation mechanism of zirconium carbide were as follows, above 30$0^{\circ}C$ ZrCl4(S)+Mg(s)longrightarrowZrCl2(s)+MgCl2(s) above 40$0^{\circ}C$ ZrCl2(S)+Mg(s)longrightarrowZr(s)+MgCl2(s) above 50$0^{\circ}C$ Zr(s)+C(s)longrightarrowZrC(s) 2) The apparent activation energy of the reduction-carbonization at temperature of 800$^{\circ}$to 100$0^{\circ}C$ was 11.9 kcal/mol. 3) The lattice parameter and the crystallite size of ZrC which was produced from the mixture powder of ZrCl4, C and Mg (1:1:2, molar ratio) at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 h were 4.700A and 180A, respectively. 4) The powders obtained from the mixture powder of ZrCl4, C and Mg(1:1:2, molar ratio) at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 h were agglomerate with the average size of about 13${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in SEM micrograph.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated a life cycle assessment (LCA) of six roof-waterproofing systems [asphalt (C1), synthetic polymer-based sheet (C2), improved asphalt (C3), liquid applied membrane (C4), Metal sheet with asphalt sheet (N1), and liquid applied membrane with asphalt sheet (N2)]for reinforced concrete building using an architectural model. To acquire accurate and realistic LCA results, minimum units of material compositions for life cycle inventory and real data for compositions of waterproofing materials were used. Considering only materials and energy demands for waterproofing systems per square meter, higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could be generated in the order of C1 > N2 > C4 > N1 > C2 > C3 during construction phase. However, the order was changed to C1 > C4 > C3 > N2 > N1 > C2, when the actual architecture model was applied to the roof based on each specifications. When an entire life cycle including construction, maintenance, and deconstruction were considered, the amount of GHG emission was in the order of C4 > C1 > C3 > N2 > C2 > N1. Consequently, N1 was the most environmental-friendly waterproofing system producing the lowest GHG emission. GHG emissions from maintenance phase accounted for 71.4%~78.3% among whole life cycle.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2005

Sixty two out of the sixty four species of fungal isolates tested could produce both $exo-{\beta}1,4-gluconase\;(C_1)$ and $endo-{\beta}1,4-gluconase\;(C_x)$ on pure cellulose and rice straw as carbon source in Czapek's medium. Fifty-eight and fifteen species were able to grow at $25^{\circ}C$ and at $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. Eleven species could grow at both $25^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$ while, four species appeared only at $45^{\circ}C$. The most cellulolytic species at $25^{\circ}C$ was Trichoderma koningii producing 1.164 $C_1$ (mg glucose/1 ml culture filtrate/1 hr) and 2.690 $C_x$ on pure cellulose, and 0.889 $C_1$, and 1.810 $C_x$ on rice straw, respectively. At $45^{\circ}C$, the most active thermotolerant species were Aspergillus terreus, followed by A. fumigatus. Talaromyces thermophilus was the highest active thermophilic species followed by Malbranchea sulfurea. Most of these species were also active in fermentation of rice straw at 25 and $45^{\circ}C$ (P<0.05). The most active ones were T. koningii, A. ochraceus and A. terreus, which produced 201.5, 193.1 and 188.1 mg crude protein/g dry straw, respectively.