• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1993

This study was performed to survey on the prevalence of swine internal parasites at 12 piggeries being operated by the sawdust fermentative pigsty in Kyongnam central area. To investigate the effects of viability of eggs, larva and cysts, temperatures at the underlayer of the sawdust floor and rooms of pens were taken four times each season for one year. In a pig farms which have been operated by the sawdust fermentative pigsty, eggs of Ascar is suum(8.8%), Trichr is suis(18.3%), Oesophagostomum sp(9.4%), Strongyloides ransomi(1.3%), Hyostrongylus sp(3.8%) and Metastronylus apri(2.3%) were detected from 480 heads of Pigs. Cysts and oocysts of Coccidia(12.7%), Balantidium coli(5.4%) were also detected form 480 heads of pigs. The change of the temperature in the pig room was variable between $13^{\circ}C\; to\; 27^{\circ}C$ accord-ing to outside condition, whereas that in underfloor was consistently stable between $28^{\circ}C \;to\; 31^{\circ}C$ which was strictly suitable for the development of eggs, larva and cysts.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 1969

In a survey of the internal parasites of 1000 swine at Quelpart Island (Cheju-do), Incidence of the parasites was 99.6 percent and negative result was 0.4 percent only. The results was obtained as follows; Metastrongylus apri-51.6% Ascarops strongylina-23.5% Hyostrongylus rubidus -4.1% Trichuris suis -34.8% Ascaris lumbricoides-64.3% Cesophagostomum spp. -74.9% Strongyloides ransomi-8.1% Cysticercus cellulosae -3.8% Cysticercus tenuicollis -17.1% Echinococcus -11.8% Coccidia -61.5% Balantidium coli -23.4%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.509-513
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• 1991

Preliminary survey on the prevalence of swine internal parasites was carried out at 91 pens of 4 piggeries being operated by the sawdust fermentation floor system in Kyunggi province. To investigate the effects of viability of eggs., larva and cysts, temperatures at the underlayer of the sawdust floor and rooms of pens were taken three times a day for 8 days. In a pig farm which has been operated by the sawdust fermentation floor system for G years, eggs and larva of Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Oesophagostomum sp., Hyostrongylus sp. and Strongyloides ransomi were detected from 42(70.0%) among 60 pens. Cysts and oocysts of coccidia, Balantidium coli, Entamoeba sp. were also detected from 50(83.3%) among 60 pens. In three pig farms which have been operated by the sawdust fermentation floor system for one year, eggs and larva of nematoda were not detected at all, and the contamination rates of protozoan cysts and oocysts was relatively low situation. The change of the temperature in the pig room was variable according to outside condition, whereas that in underfloor was consistently stable between $28^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ which was strictly suitable for the development of eggs, larva and cysts.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.14
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• 2023

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. Objectives: Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. Methods: Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Results: The frequency of IFN-γ⁺CD3⁺ T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ⁺ CD4^-CD8⁺ cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. Conclusions: We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.507-516
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• 1994

The purposes of this investigations were survey of the occurred bacterial diseases, development of new animal health drug, guidance to formers on the treatment and control methods of diseases. Some series of investigations have been carried out by microbiological, pathological and serological examinations. The results could be summarized as follows. 1. A total of 953 cases of outbreaked swine diseases have been diagnosed in Clinical pathology laboratories, Bayer Vet Res Institute during 8 years (from 1986 to 1993). The high incidence diseases were colibacillosis, pleuropneumonia, streptococcal infection and pasteurellosis in decreasing order. 2. Pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was the most important respiratory diseases and pasteurellosis by Pasteurella multocide could be confirmed in several cases. 3. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 50 strains were isolated and identified by biochemical and serological tests. In serotyping test, 22 isolated strains were serotype 5, 21 strains as serotype 2, each 2 strains as serotype 3 and 7 by the coagglutination test. 4. Colibacillosis and edema discase caused by Escherichia coli has been the most predominant outbreaked disease in this investigations. The 100 isolates of E coli strains were sensitive to amikacin, colistin, enrofloxacin, gentamycin and trimethoprim -sulfamethoxazole. 5. Swine erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was confirmed 25 cases as acute septicemic forms. Isolates of E rhusiopathiae were highly sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, enrofloxcin, penicillin and tetracycline. 6. The 49 cases of hemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis in piglets were observed and 13 strains of Clostridium perfringens could be isolated and confirmed by biological and serological test. Isolates of Clostridium perfringens type C were highly sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, penicillin and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. 7. The 14 strains of Streptococcus suis type II could be isolated from meningitis of piplets. 8. Polyserositis caused by Haemophilus parasuis and salmonellosis were observed and confirmed. Also Corynebacterial infections and several parasitosis have been also observed in this investigations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.6-14
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• 2022

Brucella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that invade, survive and proliferate in numerous phagocytic and non-phagocytic cell types, thereby leading to human and animal brucellosis. Outer membrane proteins (Omps) are major immunogenic and protective antigens that are implicated in Brucella virulence. A strain deleted of the omp16 gene has not been obtained which suggests that the Omp16 protein is vital for Brucella survival. Nevertheless, we previously constructed an omp16 conditional deletion strain of Brucella, ∆Omp16. Here, the virulence and immune response elicted by this strain were assessed in a mouse model of infection. Splenomegaly was significantly reduced at two weeks post-infection in ∆Omp16-infected mice compared to infection with the parental strain. The bacterial load in the spleen also was significantly decreased at this post-infection time point in ∆Omp16-infected mice. Histopathological changes in the spleen were observed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and microscopic examination which showed that infection with the ∆Omp16 strain alleviated spleen histopathological alterations compared to mice infected with the parental strain. Moreover, the levels of humoral and cellular immunity were similar in both ∆Omp16-infected mice and parental strain-infected mice. The results overall show that the virulence of ∆Omp16 is attenuated markedly, but that the immune responses mediated by the deletion and parental strains in mice are indistinguishable. The data provide important insights that illuminate the pathogenic strategies adopted by Brucella.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.533-541
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• 2000

Biochemical and genetic analysis were carried out to investigate the potential recovery of pathogenecity or related mutations of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine strains. RB51 strains were recovered from commercial vaccines, including related seed stocks from private companies in Republic of Korea, strain from USA, a reference strain from C university and a field isolate (Daehungjin) from aborted dairy cow after RB51 vaccination were compared with two identified virulent wild strains (S2308 and a field strain isolated from dairy cow in Korea) at the same conditions. All the strains examined, except identified pathogenic strains, revealed the identical characteristics to the original RB51 in biochemical properties, antigen and bacteriophage typing. Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles from strains of RB51 showed the same patterns with standard RB51 in SDS-PAGE. In addition, Western blotting with the brucella specific monoclonal antibody also indicated that all the vaccine strains were completely deficient in their LPS compared to the pathogenic Br abortus strains. The differences in DNA structures among strains were also possible to detect after PCR. All vaccine strains, except S19, S1119-3, S1075, S544 and Br suis, were amplified a 178bp DNA fragment of eri-gene, and 364bp of IS711 elements. In contrast, 498bp DNA product was only found with Br abortus. Overall evidences in the present study confirmed that the RB51 strains for vaccine production in Korea did not originated from the phenomena of possible recovery of pathogenicity or related to any potential mutation event at all.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the reuse of sawdust fermented with swine excretion as bed material on the growth performance of pigs. The sawdust which was already fermented with swine excretion in the pig house for eight months was transported to a fermentation facility for secondary fermentation. A total of 96 pigs with average 30kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in the $2{\times}2$ factorial design with two levels(0%, 1.5%) of probiotics added for secondary fermentation and two levels(0%, 1.5%) of probiotics in feed. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Total-nitrogen(T-N), $K_2O$, total-carbon(T-C), and carbon/nitrogen(C/N) in sawdust bed showed no significant difference within treatments, but phosphate increased by 57% in average compared to the initial. 2. There was no significant difference in temperature in the sawdust bed treatments. 3. The internal parasite eggs detected were Trichuris suis, Strong. ransomi, Ascaris suum, Coccidia and Balantidium coli. 4. The utilization period of sawdust fermented with swine excretion was 52, 26, 16, 4, 5, 3 days, respectively, with increase of body weight. 5. Average daily gain and feed conversion were significantly improved by adding probiotics in the feed(P<0.05), but there was no difference between fermented sawdust with or without probiotics. 6. There was no significant difference in carcass weight and backfat thickness of pig among treatments(P>0.05).