• 제목/요약/키워드: C-RAN

검색결과 990건 처리시간 0.03초

C-RAN 특장점 및 발전 전망

  • 김한석;맹승주
    • 정보와 통신
    • /
    • 제31권3호
    • /
    • pp.79-84
    • /
    • 2014
  • 무선 통신 데이터 사용량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있는데, 주파수 자원이 한정되어 있어서 무선 통신망의 용량을 키우려면 셀(cell)을 작게 하여 동일 면적에 더 많은 셀을 구축해야 한다. 이를 효율적으로 구축하기 위한 방안으로 C-RAN 개념이 도입되었다. 본고에서는 C-RAN 아키텍쳐에 대해 소개하고, C-RAN의 특장점을 성능 관점, 설치 운용 관점 및 3GPP Release 10 이후의 기술 적용 관점에서 살펴보고, Super Hot Spot에서의 C-RAN 응용 사례와 향후 발전 전망에 대해 논의한다.

클라우드 무선 접속 네트워크 개요와 주요 이슈 분석

  • 박상규;이태섭;박세웅
    • 정보와 통신
    • /
    • 제30권9호
    • /
    • pp.78-84
    • /
    • 2013
  • 최근 4세대 이동통신은 기술/경제적인 이유로 클라우드 기지국 (또는 C-RAN: Cloud Radio Access Network) 구조를 택하는 추세이다. C-RAN은 기존 일체형 기지국에서의 MAC/PHY 기능을 담당하는 BBU(Base Band Unit)와 RF신호 송수신 만을 담당하는 RRH(Remote Radio Head)로 분리된 기지국 구조를 가지며, RRH의 무선 송수신 신호는 중앙의 BBU에 집중되어 처리된다. 본고에서는 BBU와 RRH로 분리되어 설치/운용되는 C-RAN의 구조와 기지국 가상화 개념을 소개하며, 향후 이동통신시스템에서의 기술동향과 관련하여 C-RAN에서 발생할 수 있는 이슈들을 살펴본다.

Cloud Radio Access Network: Virtualizing Wireless Access for Dense Heterogeneous Systems

  • Simeone, Osvaldo;Maeder, Andreas;Peng, Mugen;Sahin, Onur;Yu, Wei
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
    • /
    • 제18권2호
    • /
    • pp.135-149
    • /
    • 2016
  • Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units or remote radio heads, are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized "cloud", or central, unit. C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, system-level considerations and standardization efforts.

RAN을 위한 개선된 학습 방법 (An Improved Learning Approach for the Resource- Allocating Network (RAN))

  • 최종수;권오신;김현석
    • 전자공학회논문지C
    • /
    • 제35C권11호
    • /
    • pp.89-98
    • /
    • 1998
  • 정적 시스템 모델링을 위해 RBF 신경회로망의 은닉 유니트를 자동으로 생성하는 ERAN을 제안한다. ERAN은 관측 데이터의 신규성을 기반으로 새로운 은닉 유니트를 할당하는 RAN의 성능을 개선한 것이다. ERAN의 학습 과정은 새로운 은닉 유니트의 생성과 네트웍 파라미터 학습을 포함한다. 네트웍은 초기에 0개의 은닉 유니트로 시작하여 세 가지의 은닉 유니트 생성 판별기준을 만족할 경우에만 새로운 은닉 유니트를 생성시킨다. 네트웍의 파라미터는 LMS 알고리즘을 이용하여 조정한다. 제안한 ERAN의 성능은 순차 학습 및 랜덤 학습을 갖는 비선형 정적 시스템 모델링 문제에 대하여 RAN의 결과와 성능을 비교한다. 두 실험에 대하여 ERAN은 RAN 보다 적은 은닉 유니트를 가지고 정확성이 더 우수한 RBF 신경회로망을 구현할 수 있음을 보인다.

  • PDF

Members of the ran family of stress-inducible small GTP-binding proteins are differentially regulated in sweetpotato plants

  • Kim, Young-Hwa;Huh, Gyung Hye
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제40권1호
    • /
    • pp.9-17
    • /
    • 2013
  • Ran is a small GTP-binding protein that binds and subsequently hydrolyzes GTP. The functions of Ran in nuclear transport and mitotic progression are well conserved in plants and animals. In animal cells, stress treatments cause Ran relocalization and slowing of nuclear transport, but the role of Ran proteins in plant cells exposed to stress is still unclear. We have therefore compared Ran genes from three EST libraries construed from different cell types of sweetpotato and the distribution pattern of Ran ESTs differed according to cell type. We further characterized two IbRan genes. IbRan1 is a specific EST to the suspension cells and leaf libraries, and IbRan2 is specific EST to the root library. IbRan1 showed 94.6 % identity with IbRan2 at the amino acid level, but the C-terminal region of IbRan1 differed from that of IbRan2. These two genes showed tissue-specific differential regulation in wounded tissues. Chilling stress induced a similar expression pattern in both IbRan genes in the leaves and petioles, but they were differently regulated in the roots. Hydrogen peroxide treatment highly stimulated IbRan2 mRNA expression in the leaves and petioles, but had no significant effect on IbRan1 gene expression. These results showed that the transcription of these two IbRan genes responds differentially to abiotic stresses and that they are subjected to tissue-specific regulation. Plant Ran-type small G-proteins are a multigenic family, and the characterization of each Ran genes under various environmental stresses will contribute toward our understanding of the distinctive function of each plant Ran isoform.

Evaluating C-RAN Fronthaul Functional Splits in Terms of Network Level Energy and Cost Savings

  • Checko, Aleksandra;Avramova, Andrijana P.;Berger, Michael S.;Christiansen, Henrik L.
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
    • /
    • 제18권2호
    • /
    • pp.162-172
    • /
    • 2016
  • The placement of the complete baseband processing in a centralized pool results in high data rate requirement and inflexibility of the fronthaul network, which challenges the energy and cost effectiveness of the cloud radio access network (C-RAN). Recently, redesign of the C-RAN through functional split in the baseband processing chain has been proposed to overcome these challenges. This paper evaluates, by mathematical and simulation methods, different splits with respect to network level energy and cost efficiency having in the mind the expected quality of service. The proposed mathematical model quantifies the multiplexing gains and the trade-offs between centralization and decentralization concerning the cost of the pool, fronthaul network capacity and resource utilization. The event-based simulation captures the influence of the traffic load dynamics and traffic type variation on designing an efficient fronthaul network. Based on the obtained results, we derive a principle for fronthaul dimensioning based on the traffic profile. This principle allows for efficient radio access network with respect to multiplexing gains while achieving the expected users' quality of service.

Throughput Enhancement of C-RAN based on Adaptive Frequency Reuse

  • Lin, Zhi-feng;Joe, Inwhee
    • 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국정보처리학회 2016년도 춘계학술발표대회
    • /
    • pp.83-85
    • /
    • 2016
  • C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Network) structure is the most popular approach for 5G stander, it employs CoMP (Coordinated Multiple Points Transmission/Reception) to enhance frequency utilization and increase throughput for cell-edge users. C-RAN mainly includes two parts: baseband units (BBU) and remote radio heads (RRH). In this paper we propose a new resource block allocation (spectrum allocation) scheme by the permutation and combination of BBUs, and we also use the CoMP (Coordinated Multiple Points Transmission/Reception) technique according to the different environment to improve the spectrum utilization and reduce resource waste in different environment. The simulation results expound that the scheme significantly enhances throughput and improves the spectrum utilization.

개도국 LTE 망의 비용 효율적인 RAN 설계 방법 및 사례 분석 (Cost-Efficient LTE RAN Design Methodology and Case Study for Developing Countries)

  • 고기영;이재용
    • 한국통신학회논문지
    • /
    • 제42권2호
    • /
    • pp.358-365
    • /
    • 2017
  • 개도국에서 비용 효율적인 LTE (Long Term Evolution)망을 구축하기 위해서는 선진국 위주의 설계 및 구축방식과는 차별화된 LTE 기술 분석과 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이동 통신 네트워크 구성에서 대부분의 CAPEX (Capital Expenditure) 및 OPEX (Operating Expenditure)를 차지하는 RAN (Radio Access Network) 구성에 대해 개도국에 적합할 수 있는 설계 방안을 제안하고 사례를 통해 결과 검증을 하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 개도국들이 도심지역 또는 외곽지역에 LTE 망을 위한 RAN을 비용 효율적 관점에서 설계 및 구축할 때 참고가 될 것으로 판단된다.

MEROMORPHIC SOLUTIONS OF A COMPLEX DIFFERENCE EQUATION OF MALMQUIST TYPE

  • Zhang, Ran-Ran;Huang, Zhi-Bo
    • 대한수학회보
    • /
    • 제51권6호
    • /
    • pp.1735-1748
    • /
    • 2014
  • In this paper, we investigate the finite order transcendental meromorphic solutions of complex difference equation of Malmquist type $$\prod_{i=1}^{n}f(z+c_i)=R(z,f)$$, where $c_1,{\ldots},c_n{\in}\mathbb{C}{\backslash}\{0\}$, and R(z, f) is an irreducible rational function in f(z) with meromorphic coefficients. We obtain some results on deficiencies of the solutions. Using these results, we prove that the growth order of the finite order solution f(z) is 1, if f(z) has Borel exceptional values $a({\in}\mathbb{C})$ and ${\infty}$. Moreover, we give the forms of f(z).