• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1994

In order to prepare SPI tofu without compression step, amounts of water added to SPI suspension was studied for textural properties of uncompressed SPI tofu prepared by first heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 6 minutes and second heating at $75^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes and use of $CaSO_{4}-GDL$(0.07g, 0.0075 g/g SPI) as coagulants. The hardness and uniformity were gradually increased as the water addition ratio $(gH_{2}O/g\;SPI)$ raised from 6.0 to 8.0 and cohesiveness was rather decreased. The increase in second heating time increased the hardness and gumminess and relativity higher values in hardness were measured for those tofu heated at $85^{\circ}C$ than those at $75^{\circ}C$ or $95^{\circ}C$. A multiple regression equation calculated and RSM figure showed that the effects of water addition ratio was become to be less as the heating time and temperature increased. Addition of 8 g of water per g SPI and second heating at $85^{\circ}C$ for $30{\sim}60$ minutes were found as optimal conditions to prepare uncompressed SPI tofu.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2009

Purpose : Thymus is a lymphoproliferative organ that changes size in various physiological states in addition to some pathological conditions. Thymus is susceptible to involution, and shows a dramatic response to severe stress. Thymic measurements may be helpful in various diseases. UTI (urinary tract infection) is most common bacterial infection in infants and VUR (vesicoureteral reflux) is a common abnormality associated with UTI. In our study, the size of thymus was compared on the premise that a greater stress is exerted on the body when UTI is accompanied by VUR, than when occurs on its own. Methods : Thymic size was measured on standard chest anteroposterior radiographs and expressed as the ratio between the transverse diameter of the cardiothymic image at the level of the carina and that of the thorax (CT/T). The medical records of 99 febrile urinary tract infection infants without other genitourinary anomalies except VUR were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among 99 patients with febrile UTIs, 25 were febrile UTI without VUR and 74 with VUR. For the UTI with VUR group, there was a significant decrease in the thymic size compared to the those without VUR group ($0.382{\pm}0.048$ vs $0.439{\pm}0.079$, P<0.05). However, there were no differences in the duration of fever and WBC, CRP between the UTI with VUR and UTI without VUR. In addition, there were no differences in the cardiothymic/thoracic ratios between renal defects and renal scars in febrile UTI patients. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the shirinkage of thymus was more frequently found in the UTI patients with VUR. Therefore, awareness of the risks associated with thymic size is important for the appropriate work up and management of UTI patients.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1658-1665
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out on thirty men to define the association of inflammatory markers with physiological factors on one-time aerobic exercise (for 15 min. Post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulsatility and resistance index of middle cerebral artery (PI and RI, respectively) levels were elevated compared to those measured pre-exercise. Total leukocyte and platelet counts, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), free radical (FR), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels tended to decrease after exercise. Pre-exercise IL-6 levels were positively correlated with pre-exercise SBP levels, while post-exercise IL-6 level was positively correlated with post-exercise PI and RI levels. Post-exercise, hs-CRP levels were negatively related to SBP and HR. Pre-exercise, FR levels were positively associated to SBP, DBP, and HR. Post-exercise FR levels were negatively related to the post-exercise blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery. Pre-exercise erythrocyte indices (RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels) were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6 levels. Post-exercise FR levels were inversely related to post-exercise total leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and MCH levels. Pre-exercise $Mg^{++}$ levels were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6, hs-CRP, or FR levels. These findings suggest that one-time aerobic exercise offers a significant relationship between inflammatory markers and some biochemical markers or electrolytes. Further studies need to be carried out for investigation of differences between genders or age groups following one-time or regular aerobic exercise.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.17 no.3 s.36
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 1978

A virus named Cymbidium mild mosaic virus(Cy MMV), was mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor from the leaves of Cymbidium with mild mosaic symptoms. The virus was cultured in C. amaranticolor, in which it produced local chlorotic and ring spots, followed by systemic vein clearing with distortion. CyMMV infected 7 out of 35 species of plants. In C. amaranticolor juice infectivity was lost by heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 10 miuntes, and by aging at$20^{\circ}C$ for 60 days, and by diluting at $10^{-6}$ when bioassayed on C. amaranticolor. CyMMV was not transmitted by Myzus persicae. The virus was purified after clarification of homogenized C. amaranticolor leaf tissues with chloroform, by differential centrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of purified preparation showed spherical particles of 28nm in diameter. The UV absorption spectrum of purified preparation was typical of u nucleoprotein (max. at 261nm. min. at 243nm), and showed 260/280=1.72 and max/min=1.26. The value of the sedimentation coefficient of the virus was S20.w=126. In gel-diffusion tests, CyMMV antiserum reacted with CarMV, but not with any of four other viruses (BBWV, CRSV, CMV, TBRV) having similar particles and properties in vitro. In ultra-thin sections of CyMMV infected tissues, a large number of virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells and in xylem vessels.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.227-230
• /
• 1992

Spirometra mansoni plerocercoid (sparganum) was incubated in saline at $4^{\circ}C{\;}or{\;}37^{\circ}C$ up to 100 hours. Protein contests in the excretory$.$secretory product (ESP) were rather constant (mean 7.7 mg of protein/gram of sparganum) in the preparations. Reducing SDS-PAGE of ESP showed similar protein subunit compositions with those in crude extract. Antigenic 36 and 31 kDa Proteins were major bands in ESP. ESP exhibited specific activities of protease(2.9~5.3 units/mg) at pH 6.0 and pH 7.5. Presence of protease activity in ESP may be a supporting evidence that hitherto known cysteiRe protease of sparganum is possibly secreted.

• Food Industry
• /
• s.99
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1989

양질의 국산 생강엑기스 제조기술 개발을 위한 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 본 연구에서 시료로 사용한 생강은 전라북도 봉동산과 충청남도 서산산이며, 이들 건강은 수분이 약$10\%$, 회분 $8\~9\%$, 조지방 $4\~5\%$이다. 2) 생강엑기스의 유효성분들은 건강입자에 내포되어 있는 상태에서 추출 속도는 반응층을 통한 확산모델로 설명된다. 침출 효율을 개선하기위해서는 다음과 같은 조건이 필수적이다. 3) 건강의 입자는 $10\~20{\mu}m$정도의 전분입자가 될수록 많이 노출되도록 160목을 통과하는 작은 입자로 분쇄하면 추출효율은 최대화 할 수 있다. - 추출온도는 엑기스의 주요성분의 손실이 무시되는 최대온도, $40^{\circ}C$가 최적이다. - 160목, $40^{\circ}C$에서 추출시간 3-4시간이 최적이다. - 이같은 조건에서의 엑기스 회수율은 약 $8\%$이다. 4) 엑기스내의 비자극성 성분은 회분 $0.5\~0.8\%$, 조지방 $1.2\~1.8\%$, 조단백 $2.8\~3.5\%$이고, 유리당은 거의 침출되지 않는다. 엑기스내의 주요 지방산은 Linoleic acid가 가장 많이 함유되어 있다. 5) 기계건조보다 일광건조에 의한 건강에서 추출된 엑기스의 품질이 양호하며, 외국산 고급 엑기스와 품질면에서 대등한 것이다. 6) 위와 같은 결과는 TLC로 분리하고 분리된 각 Spot를 HPLS로 분석, IR, NMR, LC/MS를 사용하여 주요성분을 확인 및 정량화하였다. 이로부터 엑기스내의 주요성분은 gingerol이 약 0.38, Shogaol이 약 0.027, 그리고 Paradol이 0.03의 농도분율을 가지고 있음을 알았다. 7) 기계건조 건강으로부터 얻은 엑기스는 상온 $\~100^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 휘발 및 열분해에 의한 무게감량이 양건강에 비해 약 2.7배나 높다. 그러므로 생강엑기스를 사용하여 제조되는 생강차 제조시 열풍건조($60^{\circ}C$, 30분)는 품질에 지대한 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 8) 생강엑기스 제조는 건강 재배방법 저장기간과 방법, 건조방법이 건강특성을 좌우한다. 9) 본 연구에서 제시된 열분석(DSC와 TGA)방법을 도입한다면 신속하고 경제적으로 생강 엑기스 품질을 평가하는 데에 큰 기여가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 10) 양호한 생강차를 만들 수 있다고 선정된 엑기스는 수입 엑기스와 함께 양건강의 제품이다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.401-408
• /
• 1987

Nine monoclonal antibodies directed against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were prepared by using cell hybridization technique, and the biological properties of the antibodies were investigated by means of immunofluorescence, serum neutralization, and electrophoretic analysis. Eight of 9 monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with the antigenic constituents of IBRV, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Marek's disease virus, turkey herpesvirus, hog cholera virus, porcine parvovirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. However, the remaining one, 26-2 clone, was found to be cross-reactive with pseudorabies virus. Two monoclonal antibodies, 7-C-2 and 12-A-2, which had neutralizing activity, were reactive with the molecular weights of 72 kilo daltons (72K) and 125K of IBRV proteins electrophoretically separated, respectively. The monoclonal antibody, 3-H-3, which is corresponding to 94K of IBRV proteins, revealed no neutralizing activity. The cross-reactive monoclonal antibody, 26-2, was proved by electrophoretical analysis to be reactive with 100K of IBRV proteins and 40K of pseudorabies virus.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2002

A trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from Azismatis Rhizoma which has been used as a galenic for diuretic and antiphlogistic. Purification was carried out by 0-80% saturated ammonium sulfate salting out, DEAE- cellulose ion exchange chromatogrphy, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The molecular weight of Alismatis Rhizoma trypsin inhibitor(ARTI) was estimated to be about 23,000 Da by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, it must be monomer. ARTI was stable at 0~6$0^{\circ}C$, but at higher temperature its activity was decreased about 35%. When benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide was used as a substrate of trypsin, half-maximal inhibition of ARTI was observed at 0.071 $\mu$M. ARTI inhibited the hydrolysis of trypsin non-competitively and Km value was 0.81 $\mu$M.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.430-442
• /
• 1997

Due to the lowering of biological functions resulted from old age, the elderly is known to have many different clinical laboratory data compared with the young adults. But, in korea, such study is lacking. This research is to find the differences between the elderly and the young adults, and also to know the sexual differences, by comparing the outcomes of the clinical. laboratory data. Along with that, it is to help clinical usage of the data in the future. The age of the elderly was between 60 and 83(average age 63.8), and that of the young. controls was between 20 and 35. In both sexes, MCV, MCH, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$GTP, ALP, BUN, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the elderly than in the controls. And lymphocyte count(%), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, $T_3$ were significantly lower in the elderly than in the controls(P<0.05). Hemoglobin, Hct, platelet count, $T_4$ were significantly lower only in the male elderly, and eosinophil count(%), creatinine were significantly higher only in the female elderly(P<0.05). HDL cholesterol was significantly higher only in the male elderly(P<0.01). There were no significant difference between two groups regarding WBC count, segment neutrophil count(%), monocyte count(%), TSH. Many clinical laboratory data are different between the elderly and the young adults, and some clinical laboratory data also have sexual differences.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The pathologic mechanisms of central nervous system(CNS) injuries in human meningitis are not yet completely understood. Recent studies indicate that the host inflammatory responses are as important in brain damage as the infecting organisms and toxins. There have been some reports on the relationship of nitric oxide(NO), macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$(MIP-$1{\alpha}$), and lactoferrin in bacterial meningitis, but few reports in aseptic meningitis. Thus, we investigated the concentrations of NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ and lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and serum of patients with aseptic meningitis and control subjects and evaluated their relationship with other parameters of meningitis. Methods : CSF and blood were obtained from 25 subjects with aseptic meningitis and 15 control subjects. After centrifugation, supernatants were stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ and we assayed the concentrations of NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ and lactoferrin with the ELISA method. There were no patients with neurologic sequelae after being recovered from aseptic meningitis. Results : Concentrations of CSF and serum NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were not increased in aseptic meningitis subjects compared to control subjects. Concentration of CSF lactoferrin was significantly elevated in patients with aseptic meningitis and concentration of serum lactoferrin was significantly decreased in patients with aseptic meningitis compared with those in control subjects(P<0.05). CSF lactoferrin level was positively correlated with CSF WBC counts($r_s=0.449$, P=0.007), especially with neutrophil counts($r_s=0.574$, P<0.001) and CSF protein level($r_s=0.508$, P=0.002). Conclusion : Lactoferrin plays an important role in aseptic meningitis and may be released from neutrophils recruited from blood to the CSF through breakdown of blood-brain barrier. NO and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ may not be important factors in the pathogenesis of aseptic meningitis without neurologic sequelae.