• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.46-64
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• 2019

Technical practice code, KGS GC101 2018, for explosion hazard area selection and distance calculation of gas facility was enacted and implemented from July 12, 2018. This code includes whole contents of IEC60079-10-1 2015 (Explosive atmospheres Part 10-1: Classification of areas - Explosive gas atmospheres), and clarifies the interpretation of ambiguous standards or adds guidelines for standards. KGS GC101 is a method for classifying explosion hazard place types: (1) Determination of leak grade (2) Determination of leakage hole size (3) Determination of leakage flow (4) Determination of dilution class (5) Determination of ventilation effectiveness, finally (6) Determination of danger place (7) Explosion The range of dangerous places can be estimated. In order to easily calculate this process, the program (KGS-HAC v1.14, C-2018-020632) composed by Visual Basic for Application (Excel) language was produced by Korea Gas Safety Corporation. We will discuss how to use codes and programs to select and set up explosion hazard zones for field users.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.401-410
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose optimization methods for implementing SPARKLE, one of the NIST LWC finalists, on a 64-bit ARMv8 processor. The proposed methods consist of two approaches: an implementation using ARM A64 instructions and another using NEON ASIMD instructions. The A64-based implementation is optimized by performing register scheduling to efficiently utilize the available registers on the ARMv8 architecture. By utilizing the optimized A64-based implementation, we can achieve speeds that are 1.69 to 1.81 times faster than the C reference implementation on a Raspberry Pi 4B. The ASIMD-based implementation, on the other hand, optimizes data by parallelizing the ARX-boxes to perform more than three of them concurrently through a single vector instruction. While the general speed of the optimized ASIMD-based implementation is lower than that of the A64-based implementation, it only slows down by 1.2 times compared to the 2.1 times slowdown observed in the A64-based implementation as the block size increases from SPARKLE256 to SPARKLE512. This is an advantage of the ASIMD-based implementation. Therefore, the ASIMD-based implementation is more efficient for SPARKLE variant block cipher or permutation designs with larger block sizes than the original SPARKLE, making it a useful resource.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.365-368
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• 2021

In this study, a plastic bottle recycling bin system that utilizes an infrared sensor was implemented. The proposed system consists of a recognition unit, a control unit, an alarm unit, and a driving unit. The recognition unit detects the plastic bottle, measures the distance between the plastic bottle and the infrared sensor, extracts the value of the bottle, compares the extracted value with a standard range, and then transmits the control value to the control unit if the extracted value of the bottle is outside the standard range. In this case, the result of the presence or absence of a brand label or bottle cap is transmitted to the controller. The control unit opens the entrance of the recycling bin or alerts the alarm unit according to the result value transmitted from the sensor unit. In order to implement the proposed system, the recognition unit was implemented with an infrared sensor, and the control unit was made with an Arduino IDE controller, based on the C programming language. Additionally, the recognition unit and the control unit are able to communicate using analog signals. The proposed system accurately judges the presence or absence of a brand label and bottle cap of plastic bottles according to a predetermined algorithm. It then blocks the entrance of the recycling bin when a brand label or bottle cap is still attached. As the amount of waste discharged per person is relatively high and the majority of such waste is incinerated rather than recycled, the system proposed in this study is expected to increase the recycling rate of plastic bottles.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2023

The activity of finding rules is useful for enhancing the algebraic thinking of elementary school students. This study analyzed the pattern activities of a finding rules unit in 10 different government-authorized mathematics curricular materials for fourth graders aligned to the 2015 revised national mathematics curriculum. The analytic elements included three main activities: (a) activities of analyzing the structure of patterns, (b) activities of finding a specific term by finding a rule, and (c) activities of representing the rule. The three activities were mainly presented regarding growing numeric patterns, growing geometric patterns, and computational patterns. The activities of analyzing the structure of patterns were presented when dealing mainly with growing geometric patterns and focused on finding the number of models constituting the pattern. The activities of finding a specific term by finding a rule were evenly presented across the three patterns and the specific term tended to be close to the terms presented in the given task. The activities of representing the rule usually encouraged students to talk about or write down the rule using their own words. Based on the results of these analyses, this study provides specific implications on how to develop subsequent mathematics curricular materials regarding pattern activities to enhance elementary school students' algebraic thinking.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.614-629
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• 2001

As the information-intensive society in 21c based on the environment of global internet is promoted, the software is getting more large and complex, and the demand for the software is increasing briskly. So, it becomes an important issue in academic and industrial field to activate reuse by developing and exchanging the standardized component. Currently, the information services as a product type of each company are provided in foreign market place for reusing a commercial component, but the components which are serviced in each market place are different, insufficient and unstandardized. That is, construction for Component Data Registry based on ISO 11179, is not accomplished. Hence, the national government has stepped up the plan for sending out public component at 2001. Therefore, the systems as a tool for sharing and exchange of data, have to support the meta-information of standardized component. In this paper, we will propose the C_MDR system: a tool to register and manage the standardized meta-information, based upon ISO 11179, for the commercialized common component. The purpose of this system is to systemically share and exchange the data in chain of acceleration of reusing the component. So, we will show the platform of specification for the component meta-information, then define the meta-information according to this platform, also represent the meta-information using XML for enhancing the interoperability of information with other system. Moreover, we will show that three-layered expression make modeling to be simple and understandable. The implementation of this system is to construct a prototype system of the component meta-information through the internet on www, this system uses ASP as a development language and RDBMS Oracle for PC. Thus, we may expect the standardization of the exchanged component metadata, and be able to apply to the exchanged reuse tool.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.133-162
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• 1995

Paderborn's companies, Wameling and Cassau, produce the liturgical vestments, which have much traditional artistic merit. And Kevelaerer Fahnen + Paramenten GmbH, located in Kevelater which is a place of pilgrimage of the Virgin Mary, was known to Europe, Africa, America and the Scandinavia Peninsula as the "Hidden Company" of liturgical vesments maker up to now. Paderborn and Kevelaer were the place of the center of the religious world and the Catholic ceremony during a good few centries. The Catholic liturgical vestiments of these 3 companies use versatile design, color, shape and techniques. These have not only the symbolism of religion, but also can meet our's expectations of utilization of modern textile art, art clothing and wide-all division of design. These give the understanding of symbolic meanings and harmony according to liturgical vestments to the believers. And these have an influence on mental thinking and induction of religious belief to the non-believers as the recognition and concerns about the religious art. The liturgical vestments are clothes which churchmen put on at the all ceremonial function of a mass, a sacrament, performance and a parade according to rules of church. These show the represen-tation of "Holy God" in silence and distinguish between common people and churchmen. And these represent a status and dignity of churchmen and induce majesty and respect to churchmen. Common clothes of the beginning of the Greece and Rome was developed to Christian clothes with the tendency of religion. There were no special uniforms distinguished from commen people until the Christianity was recognized officially by the Roman Emperor Constantinus at A.D.313. The color of liturgical vestments was originally white and changed to special colors according to liturgical day and each time by the Pope Innocentius at 12th century. The color and symbolic meaning of the liturgical vestments of present day was originated by the Pope St. Pius(1566-1572). Wool and Linen was used as decorations and materials in the beginnings and the special materials like silk was used after 4th century and beautiful materials made of gold thread was used at 12th century. It is expected that there is no critical changes to the liturgical vestments of future. But the development of liturgical vestments will continues slowly by the command of conservative church and will change to simple and convenient formes according to the culture, the trend of the times and the fashion of clothes. The companies of liturgical vestments develop versatile design, embroidery technique and realization of creative design for distinction of the liturgical vestments of each company and artistic progress. The cooperation of companies, artists and church will make the bright future of these 3 companies. We expect that our country will be a famous producing center of the liturgical vestments through the research and development of companies, participation of artists in religeous arts and concerts of church.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2000

Wood of Robinia pseudoacacia and bark of Populus alba$\times$P. glandulosa, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica were collected and extracted with acetone-water(7:3, v/v) in glass jar to examine whether its bioactive compounds exist. The concentrated extracts were fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and water, and then freeze-dried for column chromatography and bioactive tests. The isolated compounds were sakuranetin-5-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from Populus alba $\times$Pl glandulosa, 4--ethyoxy-(+)-leucorobinetinidin frm R. pseudoacacia and fraxetion from F. rhynchophylla and were characterized by $^1H$ and$^{13}C $ NMR and positive FAB-MS. Decay-resistant activity was expressed by weight loss ratio and hyphae growth inhibition in the wood dust agar medium inoculated wood rot fungi. R. pseudoacacia showed best anti-decaying property in both test and its methanol untreated samples, indicating higher activity than methanol treated samples in hyphae grwoth test. In antioxidative test, $\alpha$-tocopherol, one of natural antioxidants, and BHT, one of synthetic antioxidants, were used as references to cmpare with the antioxidant activities of the extacted fractions. Ethylacetate fraction of F. rhynchophylla bark indicated the hightest activity in this test and all fractions of R. pseudiacacia extractives also indicated higher activities compared with the other fractions. In the isolated compounds, aesculetin isolated from F. rhynchophylla bark showed best activity and followed by robonetinidin from R. pseudoacaica.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

According to the statistics of traffic accidents over recent 5 years, traffic accidents during the night times happened more than the day times. There are various causes to occur traffic accidents and the one of the major causes is inappropriate or missing street lights that make driver's sight confused and causes the traffic accidents. In this paper, with smartphones, we designed and implemented a lane luminance measurement application which stores the information of driver's location, driving, and lane luminance into database in real time to figure out the inappropriate street light facilities and the area that does not have any street lights. This application is implemented under Native C/C++ environment using android NDK and it improves the operation speed than code written in Java or other languages. To measure the luminance of road, the input image with RGB color space is converted to image with YCbCr color space and Y value returns the luminance of road. The application detects the road lane and calculates the road lane luminance into the database sever. Also this application receives the road video image using smart phone's camera and improves the computational cost by allocating the ROI(Region of interest) of input images. The ROI of image is converted to Grayscale image and then applied the canny edge detector to extract the outline of lanes. After that, we applied hough line transform method to achieve the candidated lane group. The both sides of lane is selected by lane detection algorithm that utilizes the gradient of candidated lanes. When the both lanes of road are detected, we set up a triangle area with a height 20 pixels down from intersection of lanes and the luminance of road is estimated from this triangle area. Y value is calculated from the extracted each R, G, B value of pixels in the triangle. The average Y value of pixels is ranged between from 0 to 100 value to inform a luminance of road and each pixel values are represented with color between black and green. We store car location using smartphone's GPS sensor into the database server after analyzing the road lane video image with luminance of road about 60 meters ahead by wireless communication every 10 minutes. We expect that those collected road luminance information can warn drivers about safe driving or effectively improve the renovation plans of road luminance management.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.271-289
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• 2005

Dans cet article, nous discutons de certains $probl{\grave{e}}mes$ syntaxiques en ayant recours $\grave{a}$ la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ linguistique de Milner. Nous remettons en question $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ et $l'identit{\acute{e}}$ de la structure syntaxique, la relation entre le plan syntaxique et le plan lexical, le $caract{\grave{e}}re$ de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ de la syntaxe, etc.. La discussion est non seulement linguistique mais aussi interdisciplinaire et ${\acute{e}}pist{\acute{e}}mologique$, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ nous examinons la nature de $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique et la $m{\acute{e}}thode$ "scientifique" de la syntaxe qui donne $acc{\grave{e}}s$ $\grave{a}$ $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. Selon Milner, il faut distinguer la place du terme lexical avec la position syntaxique qui est $l'entit{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. La $premi{\grave{e}}re$ n'est pas syntaxique $\grave{a}$ strictement parler, mais elle, observable contrairement $\grave{a}$ la seconde, sert $\grave{a}$ conjecturer la dimension syntaxique, $c'est-\grave{a}-dire$ le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel. Le dispositif $th{\acute{e}}orique$ dans la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ linguistique de Milner n'est rien d'autre que l'ensemble des propositions qui permet, en absence d'observatoire, de conjecturer le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel sur la base du $syst{\grave{e}}me$ des places. Dire $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ de la structure syntaxique revient $\grave{a}$ dire qu'il y a une coupure entre le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ positionnel et le $syst{\grave{e}}me$ des places. Autrement dit, sans cette coupure, on ne peut parler de $l'ind{\acute{e}}pendance$ de la structure syntaxique. Ainsi $distingu{\acute{e}}s$, les deux $syst{\grave{e}}mes$ en cause se mettent en relation soit naturels soit non naturels ou par distorsion $d'apr{\grave{e}}s$ Milner. La relation naturelle est une relation lexico-syntaxique $n{\acute{e}}e$ au moment $o{\grave{u}}$ un terme lexical occupe une position syntaxique dont la $cat{\acute{e}}gorie$ est identique $\grave{a}$ celle de son occupant. A la $diff{\acute{e}}rence$ de cette relation d'occupation naturelle $suppos{\acute{e}}e$ chez Milner comme une tendance du langage naturel, la relation d'occupation non naturelle est "paradoxale" dans le sens $o{\grave{u}}$ elle est produite dans la rencontre plus ou moins "anomale" entre l'occupant lexical et $l'occup{\acute{e}}$ syntaxique. Le $degr{\acute{e}}$ de l'anomalie qu'une langue autorise peut ${\hat{e}}tre$ $mesur{\acute{e}}$ empiriquement et doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ $vari{\acute{e}}$ en fonction de la langue $concern{\acute{e}}e$. Le $caract{\grave{e}re$ $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trique$ de la syntaxe $am{\grave{e}}ne$ ${\grave{a}}$ remettre en cause, entre autres, $l'empiricit{\acute{e}}$ et la $mat{\acute{e}}rialit{\acute{e}}$ de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ syntaxique. En ce qui concerne ces sujets, nos $th{\grave{e}}ses$ sont les suivantes : la nature de la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ syntaxique n'est pas a priori mais empirique ; la $g{\acute{e}}om{\acute{e}}trie$ de la syntaxe peut et doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ construite $\grave{a}$ l'aide de la logique "empirique".

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.123
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• pp.347-377
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• 2012

We have numerous terms representing mind. We can understand them largely as the relationship of 'Discernible Mind' and 'Indiscernible Mind.' Because, our understanding mind is formed by linguistic discernment. When any discernment arise from our mind, we recognize the mind shown by discernment[Discernible Mind]. At the same time, we can think orignal mind[Indiscernible Mind] outside that discernment. Buddhism, generally, has understood mind in the relation with everything. That is to say, they have understood it from the perspective of dependent co-arising. In the early Buddhism and the abhidharma Buddhism, approaches to mind were mainly made by the discerning method. They explained arising and vanishing of 'Discernible Mind' by the law of dependent arising. Co-arisen 'Discernible Mind' is impermanent and temporary. But they never be denied on 'Discernible Mind' as an vainness. In $Mah{\bar{a}}y{\bar{a}}na$ Buddhism, $N{\bar{a}}garjuna$ understood the essence of dependent arising as the ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyata$ (emptiness) and the law of dependent arising as simultaneous dependence, not gradual dependences. $N{\bar{a}}garjuna$ criticized on vainness of Discernible Mind through ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nyata$, and made possible to directly perceive Indiscernible Mind, before Discernment. Undiscriminating Mind can not be explained for being stayed beyond the state linguistic discernment(false discrimination), however, had been approached from various other names to potential consciousness or original nature. While ${\acute{s}}{\bar{u}}nata$ thought focused on criticizing vainness of discernment, Hwaeum thought suggested aspect of Indiscernible mind from the aspect of $ekay{\bar{a}}na$ dependant co-arising that everything has been co-arisen, the truth of discrimination. Furthermore, it opened the path to affirm the both indiscernible mind and discernible mind by illuminating that everything is manifestation of original nature itself, i.e. nature-arising. Hwaeum thought focused on perfect understanding by explicating the relation both indiscernible mind and discernible mind from the view point of non-abiding, rather than clarifying 'Discernible Mind' and 'Indiscernible Mind', itself. That is to say, from the aspect of dependant co-arising, Hwaeum thought plays a role that enters the indiscernible world from discernible world, and also, another role, from the aspect of nature-arising that is manifesting discernible world from indiscernible world. These aspects are important for righteous understanding on mind, and also simultaneously, very effective for healing disease of obsession, a kind of metal disease.