• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat in postoperative colon cancer patients. Methods: A total of 40 participants with colon cancer who underwent colon cancer operation over 2hours were included from C University hospital in Seoul. The number of experimental group and control group is each 20 calculated by G*Power, and they were assigned by using nonequivalent control group no-synchronized design. In the experimental group, a warm scarf was applied to the neck for 120 minutes from entering the recovery room after the colorectal cancer surgery was completed. In the experimental group and the control group, xerostomia and sore throat were measured twice at 60-minute intervals. The degree of xerostomia was measured through the degree of wetness of the absorbent paper in mm, and the degree of sore throat was measured through the NRS (Numeral Rating Scale). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from August 2018 to September 2020 and were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0 Descriptive statistics, x² test, Fisher's exact test, t-test were used to determine the participant's characteristics. The effect of warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat were separately estimated by Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group showed significant decrease of xerostomia and sore throat as time goes (p<.001). Conclusion: Results indicate that warm scarf on xerostomia and sore throat in postoperative colon cancer patients is helpful method for relieving side effect of tracheal intubation.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship among the symptom recognition, health behavior compliance, and the hospital arrival time to identify factors influencing the hospital arrival time in patient with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: The subjects of this study were 200 patients with AMI in C hospital in D city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple liner regression tests. Results: Level of symptom recognition and health behavior compliance was low. The median value of hospital arrival time was 4.48 hours (ST-segment Elevation Ml was 2.43 hours and Non ST-segment Elevation MI was 7.83 hours). Among the studied factors, only symptom recognition had a statistically significant positive correlation with health behavior compliance (r=0.38, p<.001). Factors influencing the hospital arrival time were MI classification, diabetes mellitus (DM) and transport vehicle to the 1st hospital, and they accounted for 13% of the variance for hospital arrival time in AMI patients. Conclusion: To prevent the delay of hospital arrival time in MI patients, a more robust nursing strategic intervention according to MI classification and DM is necessary; further education on the importance of transportation utilization is also mandated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2019

Purpose : This narrative research study aimed to identify the degree of correlation between hospice awareness and knowledge of and attitude toward advance directives. Methods : A survey was conducted from July 5 to July 15, 2018 with 210 adults in C city, Gyeongsangnam-do. Using the SPSS 21.0 program, the data analysis methods utilized were the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results : The degree of hospice awareness was measured according to the general characteristics of the subjects, which were as follows: heard about economic level, importance of religion, heard of hospice, heard about advance directives, and intention to execute advance directives. The knowledge of advance directives had significant differences by age, hospitalization experience, religion, and being the final decision maker for a family problem. The attitude toward advance directives differed significantly by marriage status and the intention to write an advance directives. The relationship between hospice awareness and knowledge and attitude toward advance directives showed a positive significant correlation (r=.47, p<001). The relationship between knowledge of and attitude toward advance directives also indicated a positive significant correlation (r=.20, p=.005). Conclusion : This study provided basic data to inform promotion of hospice awareness and an educational intervention about advance directives.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.711-717
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• 2000

Effect of alloying element additions to Ag on thermal conductivity electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of sheath materials for BSCCO tapes has been characterized. The thermal conductivity at low temperature range(10~300K) of Ag alloys were evaluated by both direct and indirect measurement techniques and compared with each other. It was observed that thermal conductivity decreased with increasing the content of alloying elements such as Au, Pd and Mg. Thermal conductivity of pure Ag at 30 K was measured to be 994.0 W/m.K on the other hand the corresponding values of A $g_{0.9995}$/M $g_{0.0005}$, A $g_{0.974}$/A $u_{0.025}$/M $g_{0.001}$, A $g_{0.973}$/Au.0.025//M $g_{0.002}$, and A $g_{0.92}$/P $d_{0.06}$/M $g_{0.02}$ were 342.6, 62.1, 59.2, 28.9 W/m.K respectively indicating 3 to 30 times lower than that of pure Ag. In addition alloying element additions to Ag improved mechanical strength while reduced elongation probably due to the strengthening mechanisms by the presence of additive atoms.s.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of job stress, emotional labor, and positive psychological capital on the job satisfaction of physician assistants (PAs). Methods: The sample consisted of 166 PAs working in general hospitals in B city, Y city, and C city. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The factors of job stress (${\beta}=-.488$, p<.001), positive psychological capital (${\beta}=.188$, p=.004), and total clinical career (${\beta}=-.147$, p=.014) had the greatest influence on the level of job satisfaction experienced by the PAs. The total explanatory power was 49.9%. Conclusion: It was found that job stress, positive psychological capital, and total clinical career were influencing factors in the job satisfaction of PAs. Therefore, to improve their job satisfaction, it is necessary to develop strategies to manage the job stress experienced by PAs, and to strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.262-274
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• 2011

Purpose: To identify the effects of clinical practicum reinforcement program on nursing student's clinical competency and satisfaction in the ICU. Methods: The study utilized a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest research design. The participant was 76 senior nursing students, who were engaged in two week-long clinical practicum in ICU at the C university hospital in a G city, Korea. The clinical practicum reinforcement program was applied to the experimental group (n=39), while the control group (n=37) was involved in the conventional practicum program. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, $x^2$/Fisher's exact test, and t-test, ANCOVA with SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: After 2 weeks' clinical practicum, the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in the clinical performance abilities by self evaluation, when compared to the control group. Clinical instructor's evaluation on the student's clinical performance revealed that the experimental group showed higher level in nursing activity than that of the control group (p<.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the satisfaction on the clinical practicum program except the learning guidance and the evaluation. Conclusion: The clinical practicum reinforcement program is an effective one for improving the student's clinical competency.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.375-383
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental and skeletal effects of the modified C-palatal plate (MCPP) for total arch distalization in adult patients with Class II malocclusion and compare the findings with those of cervical pull headgear. Methods: The study sample consisted of the lateral cephalograms of 44 adult patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, including 22 who received treatment with MCPP (age, $24.7{\pm}7.7years$) and 22 who received treatment with cervical pull headgear (age, $23.0{\pm}7.7years$). Pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cephalograms were analyzed for 24 linear and angular measurements. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the changes after treatment in each group and differences in treatment effects between the two groups. Results: The mean amount of distalization at the crown and root levels of the maxillary first molar and the amount of distal tipping was 4.2 mm, 3.5 mm, and $3.9^{\circ}$ in the MCPP group, and 2.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and $8.6^{\circ}$ in the headgear group, respectively. In addition, intrusion by 2.5 mm was observed in the MCPP group. In both groups, the distal movement of the upper lip and the increase in the nasolabial angle were statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, none of the skeletal and soft tissue variables exhibited significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that MCPP is an effective treatment modality for total arch distalization in adults.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2010

The surface conductive layer (SCL) of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamonds has attracting much interest. However, neither photoemission electron microscopic (PEEM) nor micro-spectroscopic (PEEMS) information is available so far. Since SCL retains in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) condition, PEEM or PEEMS study will give an insight of SCL, which is the subject of the present study. The sample was made on a Ib-type HTHP diamond (001) substrate by non-doping CVD growthin a DC-plasma deposition chamber. The SCL properties of the sample in air were; a few tens K/Sq. in sheet resistance, ${\sim}180\;cm^2/vs$ in Hall mobility, ${\sim}2{\times}10^{12}/cm^2$ in carrier concentration. The root-square-mean surface roughness (Rq) of the sample was ~0.2nm as checked by AFM. A $2{\times}1$ LEED pattern and a sheet resistance of several hundreds K/Sq. in UHV were checked in a UHV chamber with an in-situ resist-meter [1]. The sample was then installed in a commercial PEEM/S apparatus (Omicron FOCUS IS-PEEM) which was composed of electro-static-lens optics together with an electron energy-analyzer. The presence of SCL was regularly monitored by measuring resistance between two electrodes (colloidal graphite) pasted on the two ends of sample surface. Figure 1 shows two PEEM images of a same area of the sample; a) is excited with a Hg-lamp and b) with a Xe-lamp. The maximum photon energy of the Hg-lamp is ~4.9 eV which is smaller that the band gap energy ($E_G=5.5\;eV$) of diamond and the maximum photon energy of the Xe-lamp is ~6.2 eV which is larger than $E_G$. The image that appear with the Hg-lamp can be due to photo-excitation to unoccupied states of the hydrogen-terminated negative electron affinity (NEA) diamond surface [2]. Secondary electron energy distribution of the white background of Figs.1a) and b) indeed shows that the whole surface is NEA except a large black dot on the upper center. However, Figs.1a) and 1b) show several features that are qualitatively different from each other. Some of the differences are the followings: the two main dark lines A and B in Fig.1b) are not at all obvious and the white lines B and C in Fig.1b) appear to be dark lines in Fig.1a). A PEEMS analysis of secondary electron energy distribution showed that all of the features A-D have negative electron affinity with marginal differences among them. These differences can be attributed to differences in the details of energy band bending underneath the surface present in SCL [3].

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

The new class of $Gd_5(Si_xGe_{1-x})_4$ compounds undergoes a simultaneous magnetic/structural phase transition giving a high level of strain that can be induced either by change in temperature or by application of a magnetic field. Profound changes of structural, magnetic, and electronic changes occur in the $Gd_5(Si_xGe_{1-x})_4$ system lead to extreme behavior of the material such as the giant magnetocaloric effect, colossal magnetostriction, and giant magnetoresistance. These unique material characters can be utilized for various applications including magnetic solid refrigerants, sensors, and actuators.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamic system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test(FST) was performed. The expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) was measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of seum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) was measured with ELISA method. And the experimental groups were divided into the extraction after mixing(A) and mixture after extraction(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the A400 group(P<0.01). The expression of CRF in PVN were significantly reduced in the A100, A400, B100, B400groups(P<0.001). but the expression of c-fos in PVN weren't reduced in all groups. And the concentration of ACTH in Plasma were significantly reduced in the A 100 group(P<0.01). The expression of TH in LC were significantly reduced in the A 400, B 100 and B400 groups(P<0.05~P<0.01). Conclusion : Mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects. But the difference between mixing and extracting methods was not shown.