• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1984

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 Polyethylene(P.E.) 피복(被覆)을 할 때 alachlor의 제형(製形), 약량(藥量), 및 P. E. 피복(被覆)이 땅콩의 약해(藥害), 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)과 잡초방제효과(雜草防除效果)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 경북(慶北) 칠곡(漆谷)의 점질토양(粘質土壤)에서 실시(實施)하였으며 품종(品種)은 영호(嶺湖)땅콩 이었다. 제초제(除草劑)는 alachlor 입제(粒劑)(유효성분(有效成分) 5%)와 유제(乳劑)(유효성분(有效成分) 43.7%)를 사용(使用)하였고 약량(藥量)은 제품량(製品量)으로 10a 당(當) 입제(粒劑) 3 및 6kg, 유제(乳劑) 300cc 및 약제무처리(藥劑無處理)이었고 각(各) 처리(處理)마다 제초제처리당일(除草劑處理當日)과 처리(處理) 3일(日)째에 P. E. 피복(被覆)을 하였으며 무피복구(無被覆區)에서는 입제(粒劑)를 3 및 6kg 처리(處理)하였다. 땅콩의 약해(藥害), 생육상황(生育狀況) 및 잡초발생량(雜草發生量) 조사(調査)는 파종후(播種後) 20일(日) 40일(日), 및 수확기(收穫期)에 하였으며 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출현율(出現率)은 무피복구(無被覆區)에 비(比)하여 P. E. 피복구(被覆區)에서 15~20% 높았으며, 파종(播種)에서 출현(出現) 및 개화(開花)까지 소요일수(所要日數)는 무피복구(無被覆區), 파종(播種) 3일(日)째 피복구(被覆區), 파종일(播種日) 피복구(被覆區)의 순(順)으로 짧았으며 alachlor는 땅콩의 발아(發芽)에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 파종후(播種後) 20일(日)에 조사(調査)한 alachlor의 약해(藥害)는 제1복엽(第1複葉)이 완전(完全)히 고사(枯死)한 것과 제1복엽(第1複葉)의 소엽(小葉) 가장 자리가 갈변(褐變)한 것이 있었는데 약해증상(藥害症狀)은 약량(藥量)이 많을수록 P. E. 피복시기(被覆時期)가 빠를수록 컸으며 무피복구(無被覆區)에서는 약해(藥害)가 없었다. 그러나 파종후(播種後) 40일(日)에는 약해증상(藥害症狀)이 보이지 않았다. 3. 파종후(破腫後) 20일(日)에 깨풀과 명아주의 발생량(發生量)은 alachlor의 제형(製形)이나 약량(藥量)에 영향을 받지 아니 하였으며 명아주는 P. E. 피복(被覆)에서 발생(發生)이 적었다. 쇠비름과 바랭이는 alachlor의 약량(藥量)이 많으 구(區)에서 발생(發生)이 적었으며 같은 약량(藥量)일 때는 P. E. 피복(被覆)에서 무피복구(無被覆區)에서 보다 발생(發生)이 적었다. 수확기(收穫期)에는 모든 처리(處理)에서 바랭이와 깨품, 돌피가 우점(優占)하였고 무피복(無被覆)에서는 명아주도 우점(優占)하였다. 4. 파종후(播種後) 20일(日)에 조사(調査)한 땅콩의 주경엽수(主莖葉數), 분지수(分枝數), 분지장(分枝長), 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物重)은 alachlor의 제형(製形)이나 약량(藥量)에는 차이(差異)가 없었으나 P. E. 피복구(被覆區)에서 무피복구(無被覆區)보다 길었다. 수확기(收穫期)에는 분지수(分枝數)와 지상부(地上部) 건물중(乾物中)은 잡초잔존량(雜草殘存量)이 많을 수록 길었다. 5. 7월(月)1일(日) 이후(以後) 인력제초(人力除草)를 하였을 때에는 땅콩의 입묘율(立苗率), 주당내수(株當萊數), 100립중(粒重), 종실수량(種實收量)은 alachlor의 제형(製形), 약량(藥量), P. E. 피복유무(被覆有無)와 피복시기간(被覆時期間)에 차이(差異)가 없었으며 주당내수(株當萊數)와 종실수량(種實收量)은 인력제초(人力除草)하지 아니하였을 때 보다 높았다. 생육기간(生育期間) 중(中) 제초(除草)하지 않을 때는 alachlor 처리는 무처리에 비하여 주당내수(株當萊數)와 종실수량(種實收量)이 높으며 alachlor 효과(效果)는 P. E. 피복(被覆)에서 무피복구(無被覆區)에서 보다 높았다. 잡초발생(雜草發生)에 의(依)한 땅콩의 수량감소(收量減少)는 주당내수(株當萊數)의 감소(減少) 때문이었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2004

본 연구는 퇴비, 볏짚, 가축분뇨, 산업폐기물 등의 유기성 물질을 시용하는 11개 포장을 대상으로 유기성 물질이 토양물리성에 미치는 영향을 유기성 물질종류 및 연용연수, 토양특성, 토지이용형태 등의 다양한 인자를 고려하여 살펴보고자 수행하였다. 유기성물질 시용에 의해 용적밀도 감소, 통기성증가, 대공극률 증가, 전단저항감소 등의 물리성 개선효과가 나타났으나, 구조가 약한 조사양토에서의 물리성 개선은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 논 토양에서의 퇴비 연용에 따른 토양 유기물 함량은 2.4-3.2% 범위로 우리나라 평지 논토양에서의 최고 유기물함량은 유기물 질과 양에 관계없이 3.2%로 보인다. 5개소 평균 유기물 함량은 무비구 2.10% 퇴비연용구 2.65%로서 퇴비 연용 효과는0.47%에 불과하였고, 평균 입단률 증가는 4.7%, CEC증가량은 $1.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이었다. 논보다 밭에서 무처리와 퇴비구의 유기물함량 및 내수성입단율, 용적밀도, 통기성 등 토양물리성 차이가 더 크게 나타났다. NPK와 퇴비의 혼용구는 퇴비단용구보다 용적밀도, 경도, 전단저항이 낮았고, 대공극률, 내수성입단율은 높아 물리성개선 효과가 퇴비단용구보다 삼요소 혼용구가 양호하였다. 유기성 물질 중 녹비에 의한 물리성개선 효과가 논과 밭에서 뚜렷하였으나 유기물함량의 증가와는 뚜렷한 삼관성을 보이지는 않았다 밭토양에 시용한 유기성 폐기물의 경우 내수성 입단율에서 생활오니, 돈분퇴비구가 공단, 피혁, 주정오니구에 비해 높았다. 유기성 물질 종류별로 토양물리성개선 효과는 각기 다르게 나타났으며 토양유기물 함량 증가는 부숙된 유기물, 토양입단 증가는 거친유기물이 유리하였다. 전통유기물 자원별 토양물리성개선 효과는 볏짚, 퇴비가 높았고 헤어리벳치, 가축분 등이 낮은편이었다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

Background: Various medical emergency situations can occur during dental practices. Cardiac arrest is known to comprise approximately 1% of emergency situation. Thus, it is necessary for dentists to be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase the chance of saving patient's life in emergency situation. In this paper, we conducted a survey study to evaluate to what extent dentists actually understood CPR practice and if they had experience in handling emergency situations in practice. Method: The survey was done for members of the Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology (KDSA), who had great interest in CPR and for whom survey-by-mail was convenient. We had selected 472 members of the KDSA with a dental license and whose office address and contact information were appropriate, and sent them a survey questionnaire by mail asking about the degree of their CPR understanding and if they had experience of handling emergency questions before. Statistical analyses -frequency analysis, chi-square test, ANOVA, and so on- were performed by use of IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for each question. Result: Among 472 people, 181 responded (38.4% response rate). Among the respondents were 134 male and 47 female dentists. Their average age was $40.4{\pm}8.4$. In terms of practice type, there were 123 private practitioners (68.0%), 20 professors (11.0%), 16 dentists-in-service (8.8%), 13 residents (specialist training) (7.2%) and 9 military doctors (5%). There were 125 dentists (69.1%) who were specialists or receiving training to be specialist, most of whom were oral surgeon (57, 31.5%) and pediatric dentists (56, 30.9%). There were 153 people (85.0%) who received CPR training before, and 65 of them (35.9%) were receiving regular training. When asked about the ratio of chest pressure vs mouth-to-mouth respiration when conducting CPR, 107 people (59.1%) answered 30:2. However, only 27.1% of them answered correctly for a question regarding CPR stages, C(Circulation)- A(Airway)- B(Breathing)- D(Defibrillation), which was defined in revised 2010 CPR practice guideline. Dentists who had experience of handling emergency situations in their practice were 119 (65.6%). The kinds of emergency situations they experienced were syncope (68, 37.6%), allergic reactions to local anesthetic (44, 24.3%), hyperventilation (43, 23.8%), seizure (25, 13.8%), hypoglycemia (15, 8.3%), breathing difficulty (14, 7.8%), cardiac arrest (11, 6.1%), airway obstruction (6, 3.3%), intake of foreign material and angina pectoris (4, 2.2%), in order of frequency. Most respondents answered that they handled the situation appropriately under the given emergency situation. In terms of emergency equipment they had blood pressure device (70.2%), pulse oximetry (69.6%), Bag-Valve-Mask (56.9%), emergency medicine (41.4%), intubation kit (29.8%), automated external defibrillator (23.2%), suction kit (19.3%) and 12 people (6.6%) did not have any equipment. In terms of confidence in handling emergency situation, with 1-10 point scale, their response was $4.86{\pm}2.41$ points. The average point of those who received regular training was $5.92{\pm}2.20$, while those who did not was $4.29{\pm}2.29$ points (P<0.001) Conclusion: The result showed they had good knowledge of CPR but the information they had was not up-to-date. Also, they were frequently exposed to the risk of emergency situation during their dental practice but the level of confidence in handling the emergency situation was intermediate. Therefore, regular training of CPR to prepare them for handling emergency situation is deemed necessary.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

목적: 혈관의 내층과 외층을 급속히 해리시키는 예후가 매우 위험한 질환으로 대동맥 박리증(aortic dissection)의 임상적 진단을 위해 CT를 시행하여 대동맥 박리 증으로 판명된 환자 수와 연령별로 발생 빈도를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 및 대상: 2005년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 2년간 C대학병원에 내원한 환자 중 CT를 시행한 환자 112명을 대상으로 연도별로 증감 추세를 조사해 보고, 성별, 연령별, 진료과별로 조사 해 보았으며, 정확한 관찰을 위해 CT scan 후의 재구성 영상인 MIP와 SSD 그리고 VRT영상을 획득하여 CT와 일반 Chest PA 상을 비교하여 결과를 조사 연구하였다. 결과 및 결론: 1. CT를 시행한 환자 112명을 대상으로 연도별 검사건수는 2005년도 37명으로 41.9%를 보였고, 2006년도는 65명으로 58.1%로 2005년에 비해 2006년에 1.4배 증가되었다. 2. CT를 시행한 환자의 성별분포는 남성이 45명으로 40.1%, 여성이 67명으로 59.9%를 차지하고 있고 남성 45명 중 대동맥 박리증 환자는 9명으로 20%, 여성은 67명 중 21명으로 31.3%로 대동맥 박리증 환자가 남성에 비해 여성이 1.6배 많이 발생되었다. 또한 검사자 수도 남성에 비해 여성이 1.5배 많은 것으로 나타났다. 3. CT를 시행한 환자의 연령별 분포는 30세 미만에서는 거의 볼 수 없었으며 41세에서 80세까지가 전체에 88.3%를 차지하였으며 연령이 높을수록 대동맥 박리증 질환의 발생빈도가 높게 나타났다. 연령별 발생빈도의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p < 0.01). 4. CT를 의뢰한 과는 응급의학과에서 46명(41.1%), 순환기 내과에서 37명(33.0%), 흉부외과에서 13명(11.6%), 기타 과에서 16명(14.3%)으로 응급의학과와 순환기내과가 전체의 74.1%로 나타났다. 따라서 대동맥 박리증 질환의 환자는 주로 응급실로 내원하는 매우 위험한 질환이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 5. 대동맥 박리 환자 30명 중 22명(73.3%)은 일반 X-ray상 정상으로 판독되었고, 8명(26.7%)만이 일반 X-ray상 이상소견이 나왔다. 따라서 대동맥 박리 질환을 정확히 평가하기 위해서는 반듯이 CT를 시행해야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

본 연구는 젖소분뇨를 원료로 하여 반 건식 혐기소화 방법을 적용하였을 경우의 혐기소화 가능성을 분석하고 혐기소화 과정에서 배출되는 젖소분뇨 혐기소화 잔재물의 고체연료로서의 가치를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 젖소분뇨의 반 건식 혐기소화 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 950 mL 용량의 반응조를 제작하여 회분식 혐기소화를 실시하였다. 이와 동시에 젖소분뇨 혐기소화 원료를 가로 1,000 mm, 세로 450 mm 크기의 기밀형 아크릴 반응조에 투입하고 항온실에서 중온 혐기소화를 실시한 후에 배출되는 혐기소화 잔재물을 고체연료화 실험원료로 사용하였다. 혐기소화 기질로 사용된 젖소분뇨의 수분함량은 80.64%였으며 젖소분뇨에 첨가한 식종액의 수분함량은 96.83% 수준이었다. 젖소분뇨를 혐기소화하기 위하여 젖소분뇨와 식종액을 1:1 비율로 혼합하였을 때의 수분함량과 VS/TS(휘발성 고형물/총고형물) 함량은 89.74%와 83.35% 수준이었다. 이 젖소분뇨를 혐기소화 한 결과 식종액을 혼합하였을 때 바이오가스가 생성된 반면에 식종액을 혼합하지 않은 경우에는 바이오 가스가 거의 발생되지 않았다. 반 건식 혐기소화를 거친 젖소분뇨 혐기소화 잔재물은 신선분에 비해 열량가가 약 20% 정도 감소하였다. 반면에 회분은 15%에서 18.4%로 증가하였다. 젖소분뇨 혐기소화 잔재물울 고체연료 형태로 펠릿화하였을 경우 크롬과 납, 카드뮴, 황 등의 농도가 규제 수준보다 낮았다. 따라서 젖소분뇨를 혐기소화 하여 바이오가스를 회수하고 난후 혐기소화 잔재물을 고체연료화하여 연료로 활용하는 방법을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Flask 배양으로 기본 유청 배지MSM를 배지로 하고 첨가한 각 탄소원의 PS-7생산 효과를 살펴보면 fructose, glucose와 sucrose의 첨가가 PS-7의 생산을 다른 당에 비해 향상시킴을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 galactose의 경우 첨가량이 증가될수록 오히려 PS-7의 생산량이 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 여러 가지 배양 변수를 고려한 결과 glucose씨 첨가가 최적임을 확인하였다. 5L 발효조에 의한 PS-7 생산의 경우 유청과 glucose를 함께 첨가한 것이 유청과 glucose만을 배지의 탄소원으로 사용했을 때 보다 PS-7의 생산량이 월등히 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 유청 1%와 glucose 1%배지의 경우 PS-7생산량이 3 g/L를 생산하였다. 유청 1%와 glucose 2%배지의 경우 4 g/L의 PS-7의 생산하였으나 잔당량이 $30{\sim}40%$가 남아 생산효율(yield)면에서는 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 배지내 Glucose농도 변화에 따른 점성(viscosity)의 변화는 PS-7의 생산량의 변화와 비슷한 패턴을 보이지만 분자량 증대에 따른 점도의 증가는 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과 일반적으로 C/N ratio가 다당류인 PS-7생산에 중요한 역할을 하고 있으며, 유청 1%+glucose 1% 배지를 사용할 때 높은 점도와 수율의 PS-7을 얻을 수 있는 최적 배지임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

목 적 : 원판형 연골은 가장 흔한 슬관절 반월상 연골의 기형으로 이에 대한 치료로 전 절제술 혹은 부분 절제술이 시도되고 있으나 연골판 절제술 후에도 다양한 합병증 및 지속적인 관절 증상을 호소하는 경우가 많다. 저자들은 관절경을 이용한 원판형 연골 절제술 후 지속적인 연골 증상을 보여 재수술을 시행한 경우에 대해 그 원인을 분석하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 1989년 10월부터 1998년 9월까지 외측 원판형 연골로 인한 슬관절 증상으로 입원해서 관절경을 이용한 원판형 연골 절제술을 시행했던 273례를 대상으로 하였다. 이중 전 절제술을 시행했던 경우는 69례, 부분 절제술을 시행했던 경우는 204례였으며, 성별 비율은 남녀가 1:1.04, 평균 연령은 23.1세였다. 재수술은 총 8례에서 시행하였으며 그 중 전 절제술을 시행했던 경우가 1례, 부분 절제술을 시행했던 경우가 7례였다. 결 과 : 수술 후 3주내에 증상이 재발한 경우는 3례였고, 3주 이후 지연성으로 재발한 경우는 5례였다. 조기 재발한 3례 중 2례는 부적절한 반월상 연골 크기 소견 보여 추가적인 절제술을 시행하였고, 1례는 연골 후 외측부 불안정성 소견 보여서 반월상 연골 봉합술을 시행하였다. 지연성으로 재발한 5례 중 3례는 연골의 재파열 소견을 보여서 추가적인 연골 절제술을 시행하였고, 2례에서는 동반된 박리성 골연골염으로 인한 관절염이 진행되어 이에 대해 대퇴골 관절면에 대해 재형성술 및 다듬질(reshaping & smoothening)을 시행하였다. 결 론 : 재수술률은 전 절제술을 시행한 경우보다 부분 절제술을 시행한 경우에서 더 높았으며, 원판형 연골 절제술 시 고려해야 할 사항으로 적절한 연골 절제 범위의 결정, 절제술 후 잔여 연골의 불안정성에 대한 탐침을 이용한 확인, 동반 질환에 대한 처치 및 추적 검사 등이 필요하다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2008

뽕잎분말을 식이에 각각 0%(무첨가), 5%(저농도) 및 10%(고농도)로 33일간 흰쥐에게 급여하고, 실험 29-33일 사이에 5일간 1일 2회 loperamide(1.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.)를 피하투여하여 변비를 유도한 뒤 뽕잎분말의 변비 개선효과를 측정하였다. 체중증가량은 loperamide 투여 전에는 뽕잎분말을 급여한 MPL5군과 MPL10군이 뽕잎분말을 첨가하지 않고 정상식이를 급여한 NOR군과 MPL0군에 비하여 감소하였으며, 뽕잎분말 고용량을 급여한 MPL10군에서만 유의차를 보였다. 변비 유발 기간중에는 처리군 간의 유의차가 없었다. 식이섭취량은 변비유발 기간 중 loperamide만을 단독 투여한 MPL0군이 NOR군에 비하여 유의하게 저하되었다. 대장관내 변의 개수는 loperamide 단독 처리군(MPL0)에 비하여 뽕잎분말 병용 처리군(MPL5와 MPL10)이 용량 의존적으로 감소하였으며, 뽕잎분말 고용량을 처리한 MPL10군은 NOR군과 유사하였다. 장 통과시간과 통과속도는 loperamide 단독 처리군(MPL0)에 비하여 뽕잎분말을 병용 처리한 모든 군(MPL5와 MPL10)에서 감소되었다. 장의 길이는 뽕잎분말 처리군(MPL5와 MPL10)들이 정상대조군(NOR)이나 loperamide 단독 처리군(MPL0)에 비하여 유의하게 길었으며, 뽕잎분말의 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 장의 길이가 길었다. Loperamide 만을 단독으로 처리한 군(MPL0)은 변의 개수, 변의 중량 및 변의 수분 함량이 모두 유의적으로 저하되었다. Loperamide와 뽕잎분말을 병용 처리한 군(MPL5와 MPL10)들은 loperamide 단독 처리군 (MPL0)에 비하여 변의 개수, 변의 중량 및 변의 수분 함량이 유의하게 증가하였으며, 정상대조군(NOR)과 비슷한 수치를 보였다. 또한 뽕잎분말을 급여한 군(MPL5와 MPL10)들은 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량이 정상식이를 급여한 군(NOR와 MPL0)들에 비하여 낮은 경향이었으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 높은 경향이었다. Loperamide 투여는 혈청 지질 농도 변화에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과 뽕잎분말은 실험동물에서 loperamide 처치에 의해서 감소되어진 변의 개수, 변의 중량 및 변의 수분 함량을 증가시키며, 장내 변의 개수, 장 통과속도와 통과시간을 감소시켜 변비증상을 개선하는 효과를 보였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.651-660
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• 2014

강섬유로 보강되어 SF-RPC (Steel-Fiber reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete)로 불리는 초고성능 콘크리트의 설계는 이에 대한 연구결과를 기반으로 한 가이드라인을 통해 수행되고 있으나, 명확한 설계기준은 확립되지 않은 상태이다. 특히 SF-RPC 일반적으로 고온($90^{\circ}C$)의 증기양생을 필요로 하므로 프리캐스트 부재 형태로 사용되고 있어 부재간 접합 방법이 중요한 설계 요소로 간주됨에도 불구하고 명확한 설계기준이 존재하지 않음에 따라 현재 안전성 및 경제성 측면에서 많은 의문이 있는 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 SF-RPC의 명확한 정착 설계를 위한 기반으로 SF-RPC와 철근 사이의 부착강도를 실험적으로 파악하고, 기존에 사용하였던 평가 방법의 적용성을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 콘크리트의 압축강도, 피복두께, 섬유의 혼입량을 변수로 가진 직접 뽑힘 실험을 계획 및 수행하였다. 실험 결과 SF-RPC의 부착강도는 압축강도의 증가량에 따라 증가하고 있으나 그 증가율은 크게 나타나지 않음을 확인할 수 있으며, 피복두께의 증가에 따라 부착강도가 증가하며 $5.2d_b$ 이상의 피복을 가질 경우 매우 짧은 매입깊이인 $3d_b$의 매입깊이에서도 철근을 항복시킬 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 섬유의 보강에 의해 부착강도가 두배 이상 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 안전하고 경제적인 설계를 위해서는 SF-RPC의 부착강도를 추정할 수 있어야 하나, 현재까지는 이에 대한 추정식이 제시되고 있지 않으며, SF-RPC의 거동이 압축응력하에서는 큰 탄성 거동을 하며, 인장응력하에서는 소성거동을 함에 기인하여 Tepfers의 응력 해석 방법을 적용한 결과 실험 결과와 유사한 추정치를 기대할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.