• 의료법학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-117
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• 2011

This article analyzes the case (2008Da16776) which has the issue how patients have to prove causal relationship when patients claim against pharmaceutical companies alleging that patients were infected with virus due to contaminated blood products. The Supreme court held that: (1) if patients prove that they didn't have symptoms suggesting virus infection before administration of blood products, the virus infection had been confirmed after administration of blood products, and there were significant potential of contamination of the blood products with the virus, the defect in blood products or the negligence of pharmaceutical company in making blood products shall be presumed to cause the infection of the victim. (2) The pharmaceutical companies could reverse the presumption by proving the blood products were not contaminated, but the fact that the victims were treated with the blood products manufactured by other companies or had received blood transfusions is not enough to reverse the presumption. The case is the first decision whether the burden of proof about causal relationship could be reduced in pharmaceutical product liability lawsuit. Hereafter pharmaceutical product liability cases, it would be necessary to reduce the burden of proof about causal relationship in order to make substantive equality between patients and pharmaceutical companies.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2009

Concurrent Engineering(CE) has presented new possibilities for successful product development by incorporating various product life-cycle functions from the earlier stage of design. In the product design, geometric representation is vital not only in its traditional role as a means of communicating design information but also in its role as a means of externalizing designer's thought process by visualizing the design product. During the last dozens of years, there has been extraordinary development of computer-aided tools intended to generate, present or communicate 3D models. However, there has not been comparable progress in the development of 3D-CAD systems intended to represent and manipulate a variety of product life-cycle information in a consistent manner. This paper proposes a novel concept, Minus Volume (MV), to incorporate various design information relevant to product lift-cycle functions. MV is a functional shape that is extracted from a design object within a bounding box. A prototype 3D-CAD system is implemented based on the MV concept and illustrated with the successful implementation of concurrent design and manufacturing.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2002

This research was accomplished to prove that the females would be different bakery utilization by their age group and what was the main factor of bakery product at each age group. This subway was examined far 221 females by the self-administerd questionnaire method. The demographic characteristics of research examines showed that the twenties were 77(34.8%), the thirties and the over forties were 72(35.6%) respectively. 55.2% of them graduated a high school and housewives were 35.3%. They normally use the bakery 1 ~ 3 times per week(49.8%), especially they use it in the evening. They responded that the reason of using bakery product was the delicious taste. Twenties bought the bakery product for themselves but the over forties did it for their sons or daughter. The price for one purchasing was usually 2,000~5,000 won. Twenties showed the highest usage of cooked bread with vegetable or ham etc., the thirties liked plain bread but the over forties usually used the bread of sweat taste. Most of them considered the taste as the most important factor when the product was bought especially in twenties. However, the thirties and the over forties also thought the nutrition was important. They also needed the development of new bakery product, especially thirties asked the improvement of service of bakery.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.394-400
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• 1990

유전자 조작된 세포 발효공정의 생산수율을 최대화하기 위하여 세포의 성장속도와 제품 생성속도간의 상반관계를 고려하여야 한다. 유전자 조작된 E.coli 발효에 있어, 최적화 이론을 적용하여 두 속도의 가중치를 결정함으로써 생산수율의 최대화를 꾀하였다. 성장저해제의 농도는 비 성장속도를 조절하고 결국 융합된 유전자의 발현 속도를 조절하는 변수로 사용되다. 이런 system의 특성을 위하여 간단한 unstructured model를 사용하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.3353-3370
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• 2016

The way of combination of Product Perfect Codes (PPCs) is based on the theory of short codes constructing long codes. PPCs have larger embedding rate than Hamming codes by expending embedding columns in a coding block, and they have been proven to enhance the performance of the F₅ steganographic method. In this paper, the proposed modified product codes called MPCs are introduced as an efficient way to embed more data than PPCs by increasing 2^r₂-1-r₂ embedding columns. Unlike PPC, the generation of the check matrix H in MPC is random, and it is different from PPC. In addition a simple solving way of the linear algebraic equations is applied to figure out the problem of expending embedding columns or compensating cases. Furthermore, the MPCs over ℤ₄ have been proposed to further enhance not only the performance but also the computation speed which reaches O(n₁+σ). Finally, the proposed ℤ₄-MPC intends to maximize the embedding rate with maintaining less distortion , and the performance surpasses the existing improved product perfect codes. The performance of large embedding rate should have the significance in the high-capacity of covert communication.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the factor structure of sociocultural attitude toward Appearance, pursuit of clothing benefits, ambivalent consumption of fashion product and the effects of sociocultural attitude toward appearance and pursuit of clothing benefits on ambivalent consumption of fashion product. Questionnaires were administered to 425 women living in Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook province. The data collected were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, multiple regression, ANOVA, and Duncan-test. The findings are as follows. Sociocultural attitude toward appearance was composed of two factors such as internalization, and awareness. Pursuit of clothing benefits was composed of four factors such as individuality oriented, social oriented, fashion leadership oriented, and body oriented. Ambivalent consumption of fashion product was composed of three factors such as style/price ambivalence, place of purchase ambivalence, and brand ambivalence. The effects of sociocultural attitude toward Appearance and pursuit of clothing benefits on each of ambivalent consumption of fashion product variables like style/price ambivalence, place of purchase ambivalence, and brand ambivalence were explained by the factors such as internalization, and awareness, and individuality oriented, social oriented, fashion leadership oriented, and body oriented.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

This study explores the effect of information direction and order of cosmetics power bloggers on consumer responses. A total of 488 undergraduate students participated in experiments with mock-up stimuli of sunscreen product reviews by power bloggers. The study was conducted with four stimuli of product review posts (i.e., positive reviews only, positive-negative reviews in order, negative-positive reviews in order, negative reviews only) of the power bloggers. The results showed a significant difference in consumer responses according to information direction and order of product reviews of the power bloggers. Specifically, negative reviews were considered more objective and more useful than positive reviews were. However, positivity of reviews is crucial in generating more positive attitudes toward products, greater purchase intention, and greater word-of-mouth intention. In regard to information order, the negative-positive reviews generated more positive attitudes toward the product and greater purchase intention than did the positive-negative reviews, emphasizing the importance of ending product reviews with positive information so as to create positive responses. Referring to the findings, power bloggers and marketers using bloggers as a promotional tool would benefit by carefully designing information content in consideration of an appropriate direction and order of information to better fit their purpose.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2018

The proliferation of information technologies made it possible to produce information products of different versions at much lower cost comparing to traditional physical products. Thus it is common for information product manufacturers to consider vertically differentiated product line for more profit through improved market coverage. Another salient characteristic of most information product is network externality. Existing researches dealing with vertical differentiation and network externality usually assumed oligopolistic market where vertically differentiated products are provided by competing companies, respectively. Moreover, they analyzed the essentially dynamic characteristic of network externality statically. In this study, different from the previous researches, the vertical differentiation strategy of a monopolistic company under network externality is dynamically analyzed. We used a two-period model to accommodate the dynamic feature of network externality. Based on the two-period model, the profit maximizing solutions are analyzed. The results showed that a monopolistic company has no incentive to differentiate products vertically when the network externality is absent. On the contrary, when the network externality exists, the monopolistic company can derive more profit by vertically differentiating the product line. It is also shown that, for more profit, the monopolistic company should keep the quality difference between the high quality product and the low quality product as greater as possible.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2009

Concurrent Engineering (CE) has presented new possibilities for successful product development by incorporating various product life-cycle functions from the earlier stage of design. In the product design, geometric representation is vital not only in its traditional role as a means of communicating design information but also in its role as a means of externalizing designer's thought process by visualizing the design product. During the last dozens of years, there has been extraordinary development of computer-aided tools intended to generate, present or communicate 3D models. However, there has not been comparable progress in the development of 3D-CAD systems intended to represent and manipulate a variety of product life-cycle information in a consistent manner. In the previous research, the authors proposed a novel concept called Minus Volume (MV) to incorporate various design information relevant to product life-cycle functions. This paper proposes the use of the MV concept for the collaborative design environment, where many team members are geographically distributed over the networked environment, including Internet, Intranet, WWW, etc. A prototype 3D-CAD system is implemented based on the MV concept and illustrated with the successful implementation of collaborative design example.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.502-503
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• 2019

리뷰 데이터 분석을 통해 추천을 하는 기존 시스템에서 사용자의 특성 혹은 상품 구매 취향와 같은 개인의 선호 세부 정보를 반영하지 않는 점을 보완하여 본 논문에서는 사용자가 상품을 검색하고 그 상품을 구매할 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 기준을 선택하도록 하고, 이를 반영하여 분석함으로써 다양한 사용자에게 맞춤화된 추천 정보를 제공하는 시스템을 제안한다. 이는 사용자가 상품 구매 시 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 기준을 토대로 가중치를 부여하여 감성분석을 수행하고 그 결과를 반영하여 상품 목록을 제공한다. 따라서, 상품 추천 정보에 사용자 개인의 선호도를 반영하였기 때문에 기존 추천 시스템을 통해 상품을 추천받는 것보다 효율적인 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.