• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2005

A new extrusion process of the circular section product with helical fins could be developed by rotating extrusion die. The twisting of extruded product is caused by the twisted conical die surface connecting the die entrance section and the die exit section linearly. But, until now, because the process has used fixed extrusion die, it needs high pressure in order to twist billet and form fin shape on the surface of billet. So, during extruding billet, in order not to twist billet, the extrusion die is needed to rotate itself instead of twisting of billet. It is known that it is possible to reduce extrusion load of product with helical fins by analysis and experiments using rotating die. And it is known that, through the extrusion load analysis by $DEFORM^{TM}-3D$ software, optimal rotational velocity of rotating die can be obtained according to reduction ratio of area and twisted angle of die. And experiments and analysis using rotating extrusion die show that the twisted angle of product can be controlled by twisted angle of extrusion helical die and the rotational velocity of extrusion helical die.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2004

The main objectives of this study were to identify from literature review the potential sources and to provide a preliminary national emission inventory for the unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (i.e., by - product PCBs). In Korea, fuel combustion, waste combustion, thermal industrial processes, and transportation were identified as potential sources of by -product PCB s. According to the availability of the emission factors and/or activity data, emission inventory could be assessed only for fuel combustion, waste combustion, steel industry, non-ferrous industry, and non-metallurgical industry. The total national emission of by-product PCBs was estimated to be 1087kg for the year 2000. The preliminary estimation further indicated that the steel manufacturing was the single dominant emission category, contributing 93％ to the total emission. Of the steel manufacturing processes, the contribution of the electric arc furnace was about 80％ of the total emission. Due to high uncertainty associated with both the emission factors and activity statistics, the emission estimates in this study are likely to contain significant errors. However, the results of the present work could serve the first step toward future efforts to establish national source and emission inventories of by-product PCBs.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Purpose - PB (Private Brand) refers to the product for which the distribution company plans the production independently, consigns the production to the manufacturer, or attaches the self-developed trademark and sells it. To reinforce competitiveness in such a market environment, diverse products development, systematic management activities, and marketing efforts to analyze and understand the consumers' behavior regarding PB products are emphasized. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationships among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty in general supermarkets. First, PB product attributes were defined using the five categories of perceived price, store image, familiarity, perceived service, and perceived quality, based on preceding studies. This study examined the influence of PB product attributes on consumption. Further, this study examined the relation among consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. This study provides more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the research model was designed to examine the relation among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. For the data collection method, the questionnaire survey comprised multiple items for each component and the direct interview method was employed. To collect data, the questionnaire survey was conducted for customers who personally visited the general supermarket after verifying the PB product purchase experience. The questionnaire survey was performed for one month, May 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 240 questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0. Results - First, PB product attributes had a significantly positive effect on consumption emotion. The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important to form the positive consumption emotion. Second, consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand attitude. Third, the consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. Such consumption emotion is an important factor in causing the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Fourth, brand attitude had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. The consumption emotion was positively represented to invoke the relational continuance behavior. The relational continuance behavior accompanies the repetition of purchase, word of mouth, and recommendation activities, and influences trust regarding the brand, for which the customer maintains the transaction continuously. Conclusions - The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important factors to form the positive consumption emotion. Based on this result, the discount store service provider would prepare the measures that can make the customer recognize the positive value, and make more detailed efforts. Consumption emotion is an important factor to cause the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Based on this result, the general supermarket must make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the purchase process for consumers.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2012

In recent years, great attention has been paid to using simple physical objects as tangible objects to improve user interaction in augmented reality (AR) environments. In this paper, we address AR-based user interaction using tangible objects, which has been used as a key component for virtual design evaluation of engineered products including digital handheld products. We herein consider the use of two types (product-type and pointer-type) of tangible objects. The user creates input events by touching specified parts of the product-type object with the pointer-type object, and the virtual product reacts to the events by rendering its visual and auditory contents on the output devices. The product-type object is used to reflect the geometric shape of a product of interest and to determine its position and orientation in the AR environment. The pointer-type object is used to recognize the reference position of the pointer (or finger) in the same environment. The rapid prototype of the product is employed as a good alternative to the product-type object, but various alternatives to the pointer-type object can be considered according to fabrication process and touching mechanism. In this paper, we present four alternatives to the pointer-type object and investigate their strong and weak points by performing experimental comparison of their various aspects including interaction accuracy, task performance, and qualitative user experience.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2012

2차원 곱 부호는 저장장치 시스템에서 연집 오류를 정정하기 위해 연구되었다. RS-LDPC 곱 부호는 횡 방향의 RS 부호와 종 방향의 LDPC 부호로 이루어져 있다. 먼저 횡 방향의 RS 부호를 이용하여 연집 오류를 검출하며, 이 연집 오류의 위치 정보를 활용하여 종 방향의 LDPC 부호로 오류를 정정한다. 저장장치에서는 여러 가지 요인에 의해 연집 오류가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 저장장치 시스템에서는 연집 오류에 강한 부호가 필요하다. RS-LDPC 곱 부호는 연집 오류에 강하다. 하지만 저장 밀도가 커지면서 연집 오류의 길이는 더 길어지게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 긴 연집 오류에도 강한 특성을 보이는 LDPC-LDPC 곱 부호를 제안한다. 또한, RS-LDPC 곱 부호와 비교하여 LDPC-LDPC 곱 부호는 횡 방향으로 LDPC 부호를 사용하여 많은 램덤 오류가 발생 하였을 때 안정적인 성능 이득이 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.933-944
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to classify service dimensions for each apparel product which was thought to be important to consumers and to examine what kind of service dimensions are assessed to be more important than others. Furthermore, whether there were significant differences in the service dimensions and importances of services dimensions were examined by apparel product type(casual, formal products). Data were collected from women who were over 20 years old that live in Seoul. A questionnaire developed based on the previous researches and data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, frequency analysis. The results of this study were as follows: First, services of salesperson were divided into six dimensions: \"focused on customers\", \"knowledge/competency\", \"courtesy\", \"appearance/image\", \"purchasing induction\", and \"concerning\". As to service dimension importance, consumers think that \"service focused on customers\" is the most important dimension of service. Second, results of examining the importance according to apparel product type showed that five of the six service dimensions in formal product sales were more important except for the \"knowledge\" related service. Last, as to demographic characteristic variables, people who were over 40 years old were likely to think \"purchasing induction\", \"appearance/image\", \"concerning\" service dimensions more important than the other ages. And it was found that consumers who spend less money on purchasing clothing in a month thought \"focused on customers\" service was more important than the other consumers. In conclusion store managers could apply these results to service education of salesperson and use on preservation and improvement of customer relationship. And according to apparel product types, the results will give some implications to various service policies.

• 감성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2005

고도로 발달되고 있는 산업 사회에서의 디자인의 의미는 기업경영전략의 핵심이며 나아가 국가 경쟁력을 결정짓는 중요한 이슈이며 지속적인 경쟁우위를 획득하기 위한 수단이 되고 있다. 그리고 이러한 현상은 제품의 기술적 기능보다는 제품의 심미성이 제품 디자인에 중요한 특성이 되고 있다는 사실을 말해주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사용자의 제품선호도와 제품 평가에 영향을 주는 심미적 영향요소를 규명하기 위해 심미적 영향요소에 관한 선행연구를 토대로, 8가지의 심미적 영향요소를 선정하였다 선정된 8개의 심미적영향요소인 단순/복잡(simplicity), 균형(balance), 통일(unity), 율동(rhythm), 시대성/스타일(style), 독특성(novelty), 전형성(typicality), 비례(proportion)를 가지고 사용자 선호와 제품평가에 영향을 주는 심미적 영향요소를 파악하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제품별로 사용자 선호에 중요한 영향을 미치는 심미적 영향요소의 중요도 정도와 고려해야 할 요소를 밝혀 제품디자인에 있어 심미적 영향요소의 가이드라인을 제시하여 제품디자인 시 활용할 수 있는 자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2012

It seems most important for a manufacturing company to be well aware of its relationship with suppliers. This is why it is essential to analyze and control the structural relationship among CEO's characteristics, relations between suppliers and manufacturers and new product development performances affected by such relations. The present study may be summed up as follows: First, from the analysis of characteristics of manufacturing company's CEO and relations between suppliers and manufacturers, it could be verified that CEO's characteristics exercised influence upon sharing of product development process and upon cooperation for technical manpower, but not upon sharing of core technologies, signifying the fact that nothing could be more important than the role of CEO who has strong will to improve his or her relations with suppliers; and Second, from the analysis of relations between suppliers and manufacturers as well as relations between management and new product development performances, it became evident that both management performance and product development performance were affected by sharing of product development process. It was also known that cooperation for technical development process had influence upon the product development performance but not upon the management performance. Furthermore, the analysis showed that both management performance as well as product development performance were affected by sharing of core technologies.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2020

Purpose: Recently, information on 'Delicious Restaurants (Mat-zip)' and 'Famous Bakeries' can be obtained through various media such as TV, Internet search, and SNS, and the culture of finding and sharing them has become a trend. Since PZB's SERVQUAL, there have been many studies measuring service quality, leading to hotels, restaurants and coffee shops. These studies of service quality include product quality in the service quality dimension. Hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops are provided with intangible services while customers visit and stay, but 'Delicious Restaurants (Mat-zip)' and 'Famous Bakeries' often stop by to buy products and return home. Therefore, the study on the effect of quality on customer behavior on 'Delicious Restaurants (Mat-zip)' should consider product quality separately. In this study, we want to study how each quality element affects the perceived value and response of customers by separating product quality and service quality. Research design, data, and methodology: This study tested the structural model of how the quality of products and services of famous bakeries affect customers' perceived value and response. As the quality factors, products, tangible services, and employee services were adopted, and perceived values adopted utilitarian and hedonic values, and customer responses adopted customer satisfaction and behavior intention. For this study, 203 survey data with experience using famous bakeries were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. Result: The research results are as follows. First, product quality positively influenced utilitarian value, hedonic value, and customer satisfaction, tangible service quality positively influenced utilitarian value, and employee service quality positively influenced hedonic value. Second, utilitarian value had a positive effect on behavioral intention, and hedonic value had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Conclusions: In a famous bakery, it is basic that product quality should be given priority, and for customer satisfaction, employee service quality is half as important. In addition, for Behavior Intension (revisit by the customer), in addition to product quality, the quality of tangible services and employee services should be maintained at a quarter level.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2010

This study includes definitions and major issues relating to product safety, and reviews about product safety laws of Korea and of other countries. In addition, this study suggests several ideas for a future governmental policy concerning product safety and the government policies to guide in securing consumers' safety of products. First, we need to set up consumer safety policies and laws dealing with complex consumer safety issues and to integrate existing laws for the safety of products. Second, opening a consumer safety agency and training workers who have relation to the safety policy, as a profession, are necessary. Third, it is required to redefine the product safety guidelines, strengthen the safety policy and to minimize safety regulations by the government directly. Fourth, each product of the safety management policies must be regularly evaluated and given feedback for improving its effectiveness. Fifth, information gathering, disclosing, and having a feedback system related to product safety should be rebuilt for the effective management of unsafe products. In addition, laws and the aims of product safety management being changed to focus on the consumers, control on imported products, collaboration with network and mutual-assistance systems of product safety-related agencies including international organizations and major countries and taking leading roles in the world are essential.