• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 1987

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)과 butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)의 각 농도에 따른 미생물의 성장 억제 효과에 대한 연구 결과, 본 연구에서 대상으로한 미생물 중 3종의 효모 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kloeckera apiculata, Cryptococcus hungaricus), 3종의세균 (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Escherichia coli), 2종의 곰팡이 (Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium sp.) 가 BHA의 농도가 증가함에 따라서 성장이 점차적으로 억제되어 BHA 500ppm에서는 성장속도가 약간 느려졌고 BHA 100ppm 에서는 더욱 느려졌으며 (A. oryzae 는 완전 억제) BHA 150ppm에서는 대부분의 미생물 (S.cerevisiae, K.apiculata, C.hungaricus, B.subtilis, A.oryzae) 의 성장이 완전하게 억제되었으나 3종의 미생물 (L.casie, E.coli, Penicillium sp.)의 성장은 약간 억제되었을 뿐이다. BHT에는 2종의 미생물 (C.hungaricus, L.casei)만이 성장이 약간 억제되었고 시험 농도 범위에서는 기타 미생물에 대한 성장 억제작용은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2003

Effects of repeated treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on the induction of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide were investigated in rats. Pregnant rats were orally treated with BHA (50 mg/kg) for 7 days, from days 6 to 12 of gestation, and intraperitoneally challenged with cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg) 2 hr after the final treatment. On day 20 of gestation, the maternal and fetal abnormalities were examined. Separately, a part of rats was sacrificed for the assay of hepatic and placental GSTs activities on day 12 of gestation following 7-day treatment with BHA. Cyclophosphamide, administered on day 12 of gestation, induced 43.2% of fetal death and resorption, and 100% of malformations in live fetuses, in contrast to low fetal resorption (8.7%) and malformations (8%) in control group. The malformations include cranial defect and exencephaly (100%), micrognathia and tongue extrusion (100%), limb defects (40%), renal pelvic dilatation (39%), and cleft palate (15%). Interestingly, BHA induced GSTs activities by 62% and 46% over the control in liver and placenta, respectively, and remarkably reduced the fetal resorption (13.9%) and malformations, resulting in 62% of cranial defect and exencephaly, 68% of micrognathia and tongue extrusion, 29% of limb defects, and 14% of renal pelvic dilatation. Taken together, it is suggested that a long-term pretreatment with BHA could substantially prevent fetuses from abortion and malformations following intrauterine exposure to teratogens including cyclophosphamide by inducing phase II antioxidant enzymes such as GSTs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

We evaluated the wholesomeness of fish feeds treated with high-dose radiation. This study examined the safety of fish fed treated with high-dose irradiation (5 kGy) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 200 ppm). 100 flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were grouped into 4 and then the fishes fed the following feeds for 28 days: (1)standard feed; (2)standard feed, treated with BHA; (3)standard feed, irradiated to 5 kGy; (4)standard feed, treated with BHA and irradiated to 5 kGy. Four groups each 10 mice were fed the fish feeds same as (1)-(4) for 14 days. There were no observable differences between fishs fed the irradiated feed and those fed the standard feed with respect to growth, feed consumption, haematology and organ histopathology Parameters. There were no deviations in feed consumtion, haematology and organ histopathology parameters in the experiment of mice. We concluded that there were no irradiation-related effects.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 1987

The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene on the immune status in normal male were evaluated. They exhibited significant decrease in the circulating leukocyte counts. Relative spleen and thymus weights were slightly decreased, but not stratistically significant. These were, however, significant liver hypertrophies in theier exposed mice. Splenic IgM PFCs per one million cells in 1/20 LD50 BHA and BHT exposed mice were significantly reduced IgM PFCs per spleen were similar tothose of control, except in 1/20 LD50 BHA exposed mice, where they were significantly suppressed. The precise nature of the inhibition is not clear. Direct cytotoxicity is not responsible for the depressed antibody response, even following relatively high doses of them, because the changes in spleen cellularity are not significant. Both substances, however, did not show any effects on the arthus reaction and delayed hypersensitivity reaction induced by heat aggreagted bovine serum albumin, and in vivo phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. In the light of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, may be sensitive to BHA of the present results, in vivo antibody response as well as in vitro, amy be sensitie to BHA and BHT. Further elucidation of the precise nature of antibody suppression in their exposed mice, is warranted.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2001

The chemical composition of fish feeds(mackerel, gizzard shad, shrimp and formula feed) were analyzed and compared with those of untreated and irradiated (5 kGy) feeds, and the effects of gamma irradiation (5 kGy) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, 200ppm) on feeds spoilage were investigated by determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value and peroxide value for 14 days at $20^{\circ}C$, $4^{\circ}C$ or $-20^{\circ}C$. Crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, crude ash and nitrogen free extract were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation with the dose of 5 kGy. Immediately gamma irradiation increased the initiative oxidation of feeds as expected. But BHA was found to be greatly effective in minimizing the radiation-induced peroxidation (p<0.05). The TBA value and peroxide value increased with the elapse of the storage period. The level of lipid oxidation was increased depending on the rise in storage temperature. But the additions of BHA inhibited the lipid oxidation (p<0.05).

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.60-61
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• 2003

Effects of repeated treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole (BRA) on the induction of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide were investigated in rats. Pregnant rats were orally treated with BRA (50 mg/kg) for 7 days, from days 6 to 12 of gestation, and subcutaneously challenged with cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg) 2 hr after the final treatment. On day 20 of gestation, the maternal and fetal abnormalities were examined.(omitted)

• 분석과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

보이차를 물로 추출하고, 항산화성 물질을 얻기위해 n-hexane, ethyl acetate(EA), butanol(BuOH)로 분획하였다. 분획은 자유라티칼 소거 활성과 환원력 측정의 두가지 방법으로 항산화활성 정도를 조사하였다. 이들 항산화활성을 butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) 그리고 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol 같은 비교표준 항산화제와 비교하였다. 보이차의 EA분획은 BHA와 BHT 보다 더 높은 항산화활성을 보였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

Biodiesel fuel that consists of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters is an alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. However, air causes autoxidation of biodiesel fuel during storage, which can reduce fuel quality by adversely affecting its properties, such as the kinematic viscosity and acid value. One approach for improving the resistance of fatty derivatives to autoxidation is to mix them with antioxidants. This study investigated the effectiveness of five such antioxidants in mixtures with biodiesel fuels produced by three biodiesel manufacturers : tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PrG) and $\alpha$-tocopherol. Oxidation stability was determined using Rancimat equipment. The results show that TBHQ, BHA, and BHT were the most effective and $\alpha$-tocopherol was the least effective at increasing the oxidation stability of biodiesel. This study recommends that TBHQ and PrG be used for safeguarding biodiesel fuel from the effects of autoxidation during storage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1982

식품에 항 산화제로 첨가시키는 BHT와 BHA의 독성에 대해 고찰하였다. BHT와 BHA는 실험동물에서 간, 폐, 신장, 순환계, 생식계, 등에 여러 영향을 주며 이러한 영향은 동물의 종류와 성에 따라 상당한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 대부분 실험에 사용된 BHT와 BHA의 양이 인체가 매일 식품으로부터 흡수할 수 있는 양보다는 훨씬 많은 양을 사용하였기 때문에 동물실험의 결과로 인체에 유독성을 직접 판단하기는 어렵고 이들의 안전성에 대해서는 보다 체계적인 연구가 앞으로 요구된다. 미량의 BHT와 BHA를 장기간 복용하였을 때 생기는 부작용에 대한 연구가 필요하며 또한 이들 항 산화제는 약물대사에 관여하는 효소의 합성내지 활성도를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있기 때문에 체내에서 다른 약물의 대사 및 독성에 어떤 상호 작용을 가져오는 지에 대한 면밀한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 더불어 본 논문은 현시점에서 이들 항산화제의 식품에 첨가여부를 논쟁하고자 하는 의도가 전혀 없음을 명백히 하는 바이다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2011

A chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungi Aspergillus versicolor led to the isolation of a new aromatic polyketide (1), The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and its radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, and inhibitory activity to lipid oxidation were investigated. Those activities of compound 1 were compared with standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and ascorbic acid ($V_C$). Compound 1 showed antioxidant activity comparable to that of BHA, and siginificantly higher than that of BHT.