• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of button response to probe and irrelevant stimuli on P300 amplitude and lie detection rate in P300-based concealed information test. Participants underwent the P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT) in two conditions. In one button condition participants were instructed to press the left mouse button only when the target was present. In two button condition, they were asked to press the left mouse button for target and right button for non-target. The results showed that the response time to target stimulus was not significantly different between the two conditions, and the response time to the probe stimulus was significantly longer than the irrelevant stimulus. The P300 amplitudes for the probe and irrelevant stimulus were all smaller in one button condition compared to two button condition. However, the P300 amplitude difference between the probe stimulus and the irrelevant stimulus did not show a significant difference in the two experimental conditions, and the lie detection rate did not differ significantly between the two conditions. Based on these findings, the effect of button response on P300 CIT with a short inter-stimulus interval was discussed.

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 1998

Warning control is one of the most important components in driver's cabin for achieving safe driving. The purpose of this study is to suggest ergonomically optimal location and type of passenger car's warning control. An experiment was conducted using driving simulator, in which nine locations and two types of warning controls -push button, rocker switch- were employed as experimental variables, and response time for warning signal and preference for locations and types of warning controls were measured as dependent variables. The results showed that response time for warning signal was the shortest when warning control was located at the middle left corner of the center fascia, and was the second at the middle center of the center fascia. Preference for warning signal was the highest at the middle left comer of the center fascia, and was the second between the steering wheel column and the center fascia. Although push button was not preferred to rocker switch, response time was shorter for push button than for rocker switch. It was suggested from these results that warning control with the type of push button should he located at among the middle left corner of the center fascia, the middle center of the center fascia, and between the steering wheel column and the center fascia.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.979-987
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• 2014

This paper describes new tactile feedback patterns and the effect of their input performance for a button GUI activated by a tap gesture on mobile touch devices. Based on an analysis of touch interaction and informal user tests, several tactile feedback patterns were designed. Using these patterns, three user experiments were performed to investigate appropriate tactile feedback patterns and their input performance during interaction with a touch button. The results showed that a tactile pattern responding to each touch and release gesture with a rapid response time and short falling time provides the feeling of physically clicking a button. The suggested tactile feedback pattern has a significantly positive effect on the number of typing errors and typing task completion time compared to the performance when no feedback is provided.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

The tactical computer is currently being developed and installed in armored vehicles and tanks for reinforcement. With the tactical computer, Korea Army will be able to grasp the deployment status of our forces, enemy, and obstacles under varying situations. Furthermore, it makes the exchange of command and tactical intelligence possible. Recent studies showed that the task performance is greatly affected by the user interface. The U.S. Army is now conducting user-centered evaluation tests based on C2 (Command & Control) to develop tactical intelligence machinery and tools. This study aims to classify and regroup subordinate menu functions according to the user-centered task performance for the Korea Army's tactical computer. Also, the research suggests an ergonomically sound layout and size of main touch buttons by considering human factors guidelines for button design. To achieve this goal, eight hierarchical subordinate menu functions are initially drawn through clustering analysis and then each group of menu functions was renamed. Based on the suggested menu structure, new location and size of the buttons were tested in terms of response time, number of error, and subjective preference by comparing them to existing ones. The result showed that the best performance was obtained when the number of buttons or functions was eight to conduct tactical missions. Also, the improved button size and location were suggested through the experiment. It was found in addition that the location and size of the buttons had interactions regarding the user's preference.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.365-373
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• 2010

Many studies on safety issues of human-machine interaction are being conducted, especially taking emergency situations into consideration. In light of this view, the importance of objective and reliable measurement of users' reactions under emergency situations is becoming more important than ever in reflecting such issues in the design of everyday things. However, despite the need to consider the human-machine interactions and human performances at the design stage, there were few studies which considered human performances and behaviors under emergency situations. This study is about an evaluation method and design guide to include such human performances under emergency situations during human-machine interactions. This is achieved through an experiment where operators are instructed to press the emergency button at an experimentally designed location under a random emergency situation. By analyzing the results in a human factors perspective, the response time and the accuracy of the operators' behaviors are explained. Analysis revealed that in designing the center fascia for automobiles, there is a tradeoff between response time and accuracy, and the optimal size of buttons differ in each part of the center fascia. This method is expected to be applicable to industrial situations to derive optimal position for emergency buttons.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

A Consider the dead man's switch installed in each and every locomotive cab, which support operational safety on railways around the world. The concept is very simple - every 150 to 180 seconds an illuminated push-button demands to be acknowledged so as to know that the Train Driver is alive and active. In the absence of a response over a period of minutes, the vigilance control will automatically apply the train brakes and bring the train to a stand. If we multiply the resetting of the vigilance control 60 times per hour by a 10-hour shift it equals 600 presses of the button during the shift that a Train Driver must pay attention to and acknowledge. This adds a fair bit of pressure on the train driver's job, particularly when he/she is driving through stations, with passengers moving about on platforms in an environment of complex signaling arrangements - all the while looking out for restricting signals. From this perspective, the Vigilance System's demand to be acknowledged every 150/180 seconds is disturbing and can unnecessarily take a driver's attention away from what is happening outside the confines of the cab. A much more dramatic situation can happen when a train driver is driving hour after hour at night when, by Mother's Nature request - people need to sleep. Experience and research shows that the the dead man's switch can be pressed by train driver in a state of deep relaxation and 'micro-sleep'. The vigilance control system which is applied to reduce the drive load considering bio-response multiple unit train is proposed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 2009

This study investigated perceived discomfort and reasons related to use three information technology products (personal computer, mobile phone and digital television remote controller), and extracted the universal design factors. 240 people (30 females and 30 males for four age groups) participated in the one-to-one interview type of questionnaire, and replied to degree of discomfort at level of items and the reasons of discomfort at level of detailed elements for each product. As a result, almost all age groups answered that using input buttons of mobile phone and remote controller and watching display of mobile phone caused discomfort. Binary logistic regression of the detailed elements showed that response rate of discomfort mostly increased with age, except for specific elements such as shape of mouse and remote controller, and location of function button of mobile phone. Some of the detailed elements had high response rate of discomfort from all age groups. The age groups also showed similar tendency for the elements to select one alternative for the reason of discomfort, but not for sound volume and size of mobile phone and button sensitivity of remote controller. Finally, the universal design factors were extracted for each product based on the results, and divided into common factors and factors classified by the age group. Through this study, we identified using practices of various age groups and their demands for the products. It is expected that extracted detailed elements can be considered as important design factors to design the products universally.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.673-680
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• 2010

The effects of different auditory warnings on response time and accuracy were studied in a laboratory ship-bridge work environment. Subjective preference on the type of auditory warnings was also of a primary concern. Twenty five subjects were asked to select an appropriate button for the warning sound presented with three types of auditory warning (abstract sound, auditory icon, and voice alarm) and five levels of warning situation (fire, steering failure, collision, engine failure, and low power). Results showed that the response time and accuracy was significantly affected by the types of auditory warning. The voice alarm resulted in a higher accuracy and subjective preference, as compared to the auditory icon and abstract sound. Regarding the response time, auditory icons and voice alarms were equivalent and superior to abstract sounds. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines for the design of integrated ship bridge systems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to delineate the structural change of neural pathway after sequential motor learning using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: The participants were 16 healthy subjects, which were divided by training (n=8) and control (n=8) group. The task for the training was the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) which was designed by Superlab program. When the 'asterisk' shows up in the 4 partition spaces on the monitor, the subject presses the correct response button as soon as possible. The training group participated in the training program of motor learning with SRTT composed of 24 digits pattern in one hour per daily through 10 days during 2 weeks. Results: In the behavioral results the training group showed significant changes in the increase of response number and the reduction of response time than those of the control group. There was significant difference in the left inferior frontal area in the fractional anisotropy (FA) map of the training group in DTI analysis. Conclusion: Motor sequential learning as like SRTT may be needed to the learning of language and visuospatial processing and may be induced for the experience-dependent structural plasticity during short period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the correlation between faster response time and functional activities of brain regions during cognitive time management. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects participated in this experiment. Subjects performed the serial reaction time task (SRTT), which was designed by the Superlab program, during fMRI scanning. When the 'asterisk' appeared in the 4 partition spaces on the monitor, the subject had to press the correct response button as soon as possible. Results: fMRI results showed activation of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, both premotor areas, the supplementary motor area, posterior parietal cortex and cerebellum. There were significant correlations, from moderate to strong, between faster reaction time and BOLD signal intensity in activated areas. Conclusion: These results suggest that motor skill learning to be needed cognitive time management is associated with greater activation of large scale sensorimotor networks.