• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.345-351
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• 2014

This paper presents pedestrian recognition to improve performance for vehicle safety system or surveillance system. Pedestrian detection method using HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) has showed 90% recognition rate. But if someone takes a picture in the rain, the image may be distorted by rain streaks and recognition rate goes down by 62%. To solve this problem, we applied image decomposition method using MCA (Morphological Component Analysis). In this case, rain removal method improves recognition rate from 62% to 70%. However, it is difficult to apply conventional image decomposition method using MCA on vehicle safety system or surveillance system as conventional method is too slow for real-time system. To alleviate this issue, we propose a rain removal method by using low-pass filter and DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform). The DCT helps separate the image into rain components. The image is removed rain components by Butterworth filtering. Experimental results show that our method achieved 90% of recognition rate. In addition, the proposed method had accelerated processing time to 17.8ms which is acceptable for real-time system.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

To assess the effects of filter and reconstruction of Cu-64 PET data on Siemens scanner, the various reconstruction algorithm with various filters were assessed in terms of spatial resolution, non-uniformity (NU), recovery coefficient (RC), and spillover ratio (SOR). Image reconstruction was performed using filtered backprojection (FBP), 2D ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), 3D reprojection algorithm (3DRP), and maximum a posteriori algorithms (MAP). For the FBP reconstruction, ramp, butterworth, hamming, hanning, or parzen filters were used. Attenuation or scatter correction were performed to assess the effect of attenuation and scatter correction. Regarding spatial resolution, highest achievable volumetric resolution was $3.08mm^3$ at the center of FOV when MAP (${\beta}=0.1$) reconstruction method was used. SOR was below 4% for FBP when ramp, Hamming, Hanning, or Shepp-logan filter were used. The lowest NU (highest uniform) after attenuation & scatter correction was 5.39% when FBP (parzen filter) was used. Regarding RC, 0.9 < RC < 1.1 was obtained when OSEM (iteration: 10) was used when attenuation and scatter correction were applied. In this study, image quality of Cu-64 on Siemens Inveon PET was investigated. This data will helpful for the quantification of Cu-64 PET data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

In this study, we intended to design the optimal Fermi filter to apply the k-space date that is knee image of the rheumatoid arthritis patient acquired from the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) instrument. After deciding the suitable coefficient for the Fermi filter, the results were compared with modified Fermi filter and inverse Chebyshev filter, Chebyshev filter, Elliptic filter and Butterworth filter. Firstly, in comparison to the results, the radiologist confirmed that modified Fermi filter was best decision for boundary of the rheumatoid arthritis images. The number of the black voxels of the histogram showed the quantity of the results. At the proposed filter images, numbers of the blacks voxels were statistically decreased. That meant voxels only appeared the black color were changed to others voxels color. Because the number of the total voxels was fixed, the area appeared block color could be effected to the other areas. If the modified Fermi filter were used for rheumatoid arthritis patient, the result will be better than other filters.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2018

This study is focusing on the trade-offs between the passband ripples and transition bands of the Chebyshev BPF, which is converted by using the Chebyshev LPF that is well known as a proto-type analog filter. It is also focusing on the trade-offs between the passband ripples and transition bands of the cascading Chebyshev BPF, as well as, the trade-offs between the two BPFs. The study finds the frequency responses of the proto-type analog LPF, the Chebyshev BPF and the cascading Chebyshev BPF. The study shows the results as comparative analysis tables. The study designs the 10th Chebyshev BPF in order to analyze it easily. The simulation results show that the Chebyshev BPF decreases about 55% of the transition band for the -2.5[dB] passband ripple comparing to the -0.5[dB] passband ripple. This study shows the effectiveness and economic feasibility in the restricted frequency communication environment for the decrease of the transition band as providing the passband ripple margin.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1942_1943
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• 2009

무선통신 시스템의 소형화와 저가격, 고품질, 다기능 재료 및 첨단 가공 기술과 연계된 필터설계 및 제작 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 그러나 무선통신 시스템은 주파수라는 한정된 자원을 사용하기 때문에 주파수 자원의 효율적 관리를 위한 규제나 방안이 필요하고. 이에 따라서 여러 가지 대책과 방안이 필요로 하고 있다. 그래서 필터의 성능개선을 위한 연구가 본질 적으로 중요하게 되었다. 본 논문은 체비세프(Chebyshev)필터와 버터워스(Butterworth)필터를 이용한 대역통과(band pass) 필터를 제안한다. 이 필터는 안정화된 통과대역과 빠른 주파수 응답을 얻기위해 6차 체비세프필터와 8차 버터워스필터를 결합 하였다. 측정된 대역통과 필터는, 차단 영역을 구분하는 스커트(skirt)특성은 날카롭게(sharp) 되었고 통과대역의 평탄도 또한 개선되어짐을 볼 수 있다. 제안된 필터의 중심주파수는 2.5GHz, 대역폭은 200MHz이고, 대역내 평탄도는 0.5dB, 경사도는 오차가 60dB일때 체비세프는 210MHz, 버터워스는 340MHz, 체비세프-버터워스는 290MHz가 되어 버터워스 보다 좋게 되었으며 극점의 배치도 안정적인 결과를 얻었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.881-885
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• 2002

This paper presents the performance and the algorithm of a 1/3-octave band spectrum control system. The system is developed to provide various spectrums in a high intensity acoustic chamber. The required spectrum, which usually comes from launch vehicle company, starts from 25Hz band and ends 10kHz band. Automatic spectrum control system is preferred since the system requires short settling time to guarantee the safety of test objects and to reduce the amount of operating gas. The developed system adapted a PCI data-acquisition/signal-generation board installed in a personal computer to implement whole control logic. The control software used three cascade digital Butterworth filters using software. The filers are designed following ANSI S1.11 standard to implement 1/3 octave band filter bank. The graphical user interface of the system guides the user to follow standard operation procedure. The averaged control spectrum showed less than 0.05 dB in every running 1/3-octave band.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic variables of peters motion in parallel bars. The subjects were 3 male national gymnasts. For this study, kinematic data were collected using video camera. Coordinate data were low-pass filtered using a fourth-order Butterworth with cutoff frequency of 6Hz. Each valuables analyzed was used to compare kinematic features between the subjects. The conclusions were as follows; 1. For a stable regrasp motion, the subjects appeared to increase horizontal and vertical displacement during the DS phase because it induce a vertical elastic of body and reaction of bar for the US phase. 2. For a stable hand standing motion of the regrasp, the subjects appeared to maintain the fast vertical and horizontal velocity during the DS phase, but in contrary during the US and Air phase the vertical and horizontal velocity appeared to do decrease. 3. When the arm lean angle and the trunk lean angle maintain a big angle during the DS phase, the subjects appeared to do a stable performance to release in a high position.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.7 s.238
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• pp.938-946
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• 2005

Friction is a dominant nonlinear factor in servomechanisms, which seriously deteriorates system accuracy. A friction compensator is indispensable to fabricate high-performance servomechanisms. In order to compensate for the friction in the servomechanism, identification of the friction elements is required. To estimate the friction of the servomechanism, an accurate linear element model of the system is required first. Tn this paper, a nonlinear friction model, in which static, coulomb and viscous frictions as well as Stribeck effect are included, is identified through the describing function approximation of the nonlinear element. A nonlinear element composed of two relays is intentionally devised to induce various limit cycle conditions in the velocity control loop of the servomechanism. The friction coefficients are estimated from the intersection points of the linear and nonlinear elements in the complex plane. A Butterworth filter is added to the velocity control loop not only to meet the assumption of the harmonic balance method but also to improve the accuracy of the friction identification process. Validity of the proposed method is confirmed through numerical simulations and experiments. In addition, a model-based friction compensator is applied as a feedforward controller to compensate fur the nonlinear characteristics of the servomechanism and to verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification method.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2012

This paper presents a bandpass fitler of GPS and WLAN band based on LTCC. The structure of bandpass fitler consists of a Butterworth lowpass fitler and highpass filter using CRLH (Composite Right/Left-Handed) transmission line. Using green sheet with dielectric constant 7.2, we fabricated the bandpass filter that satisfied GPS and WLAN band characteristics. We are implemented the bandpass filter at center frequency 1.5 GHz (GPS) and 2.4 GHz (WLAN). Its insertion loss are 1.66 dB at GPS and 3.20 dB at WLAN respectively.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.495-501
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• 2002

A difference based current transformer (CT) saturation detection algorithm uses the third difference of a secondary current to detect the instants of the beginning/end of saturation. The third difference of a secondary current contains high frequency components when a CT is saturated. Thus, an effect of an anti-aliasing lowpass filter implemented in digital protection relays on the detection algorithm should be studied. This paper describes performance analysis of a lowpass filter on the CT saturation detection algorithm. The cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter is normally set to be half of a sampling frequency. In this Paper, two sampling frequencies of 3,840 (Hz) corresponding to 64 sample/cycle (s/c) and 1,920 (Hz) corresponding to 32 (s/c) are studied; the cutoff frequencies of the lowpass filters are set to be 1,920 (Hz), 960 (Hz) and 960(Hz), 480(Hz), respectively. And the proposed algorithm is verified by experiment. A 2nd order Butterworth filter is designed as a lowpass filter. The test results and experiment results clearly indicate that the saturation detection algorithm successfully detects the instants of the beginning/end of saturation even though a secondary current is filtered by the designed lowpass filters.