• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.26 no.1_2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2008

Practical stability is a significant practical importance in scientific and engineering problems but less investigated. In this paper, we studied practical stability in swarms system and present new results.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 1998

A position of small and medium size business is increasing in the national economic. On the other hand, there are many difficulties in the small and medium size business. The most difficult problem is the financial supply for the small and medium size business. This study is analzing the financial stability ratios of the small and medium size business in comparision with financial ratios of a large enterprise and industrial average ratio. As the result, the degree of financial stability ratio of small and medium size business is lower than industrial standard ratio. While the degree of financial stability and liquidity ratios of the small and medium size business is higher than industry average ratio. the degree of dependence of borrowing of the small and medium size business is lower. Therefore, it is necessary for nation and administration organization to supply financing for the small and medium size business.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2015

To determine the effect of employment stability by business incubator manager on the service level and management performance by new businesses, the survey of 215 businesses at 50 business incubator centers over the country was conducted. This study is to confirm that employment stability by business incubator manager is one of significant variables to support growth of new businesses. As a result of study, with respect to the effect of employment stability by business incubator manager on the supportive service level and management performance by new businesses, the group with higher employment stability by manager revealed statistically more significant effect than the group with less did, and the group with higher employment stability showed higher manager performance as well. Furthermore, as a result of analyzing the relationship between supportive service level and management performance and performance by manager, as performance by manager is higher, the service satisfaction and management performance by new businesses were higher. This indicates that to support successful new business by the business incubator, the center shall ensure employment stability of a manager to establish the condition of stable support for new businesses, and that through enhancement of professionalism by a manager, the foundation to support growth of new businesses shall be prepared as well.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of bank competition and efficiency in the financial stability of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The study used the Lerner index and the Boone indicator to represent the bank competition, while the non-performing loan (NPL) and Z-score are used to represent financial stability. The secondary data were collected from the annual reports of 28 DSE listed commercial banks of Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2018. Using a dynamic panel GMM model, the study found the Lerner index is significantly negatively related with Z-score, which means that higher bank competition results in higher bank stability. It is also seen that higher cost efficiency results in higher bank stability. The Lerner index has negative, but insignificant impact on NPL. Similarly, using the Boone indicator, this study found that lower competition increases NPL. In terms of the Z-score, the Boone indicator found that 1 unit of increment results in decrease of the Z-score by 6.15 units. The study suggests that, as more competition results in more financial soundness, the banking industry competition should be ensured by policymakers or regulators. Banks could enhance financial stability by cost control to achieve cost efficiency as well as by improving loan-to-asset ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.183-196
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• 2022

Bank stability serves as a prerequisite for the smooth functioning of economic and financial activities in the country. Banks face numerous risks, and liquidity plays an essential role in determining a bank's long-term growth and financial stability. By using the sample of 70 banks of the Gulf Cooperation Council, this study examines the association between funding the liquidity and the creation of liquidity and their impact on bank stability. Firstly, the reciprocal relationship reveals between funding the liquidity and the creation of liquidity by employing the 2SLS regression model. Further, by employing the dynamic GMM model, the research finds that funding liquidity is significant and positively influences bank stability. However, bank stability is significantly negatively influenced by the creation of liquidity, but the combined effect of funding the liquidity and creation of liquidity positively explains the bank stability. Additionally, this study reveals that managerial optimism biases contribute to determining the bank's liquidity and long-term stability. The finding of this study supports the executives, policymakers, and management of banks in understating liquidity risks, efficiency, and bank stability. The findings support regulatory guidelines mainly by the Basel III framework, which places more importance on the joint management of funding the liquidity and creation of liquidity in the economy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.353-361
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• 2021

An economic system is a means by which societies or governments organize and distribute available resources, services, and goods across a geographic region or country. The Islamic financial system faces a number of challenges as part of its role as a tool for developing economic activities. This study intends to advance research by Lassoued (2018) by expanding the research population to include Islamic banks in Asia and adding new dimensions - the size of the independent commissioner and corporate governance. The population of this study is the 100 largest Islamic banks in Asia. Statistical calculations with the STATA application is used for data analysis. Based on the test results, it was found that the size of the sharia board and the independent board of directors did not affect the financial stability of Islamic banking companies. Another finding is that the size of the independent commissioner affects financial stability. This finding shows that commissioners have played an active role in the company, indicating that if the sharia banking company has an ideal number of independent commissioners, it will be advantageous to the company's stability and business sustainability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

The financial system is a relatively important sector in the economy of a country. Its role in providing access to financial services to people is able to support a better economy. The main problem in this financial system is caused by the barriers that prevent individuals or companies from accessing these financial services. This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship financial inclusion and financial system stability in ASEAN 4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and The Philippines). Financial inclusion proxied by the financial inclusion through credit variable and other banking variables such as the number of financial services access, banking asset, and financial system stabilization is seen from banking performance through non-performing loan and Z score instruments. Empirically, the study uses panel data in the form of annual data for 2005-2016. The method used Panel VAR. The result shows that financial inclusion affects the stability of the financial system in ASEAN 4. This indicates that financial development through financial inclusion can encourage stability of the financial system in ASEAN 4. In this globalization era, the integrated financial system is increasing, this research shows the importance of developing financial inclusion by eliminating barriers to financial exclusion.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2018

Glycolic acid(GA) is well known the most effective cosmetic ingredient on the epidermal remodeling, accelerated desquamation and inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis. The various cosmetic formulations containing GA have not been reported in terms of stability. This study was to investigate the stability of three formulations(gel, cream, and ointment). The stability of obtained formulations was tested chemical and physical characteristics including the composition stability, hot-cool cycling, the variation of pH and viscosity, and the observation of color and odor. The experimental results showed that the gel and cream containing 5% GA, both formulations have proper stability in the centrifugal test, hot-cool cycling test, viscosity, pH stability and the observation of color and odor. On the other hand, the 5% GA ointment did not have stability. We concluded that the formulations of gel and cream are more suitable than ointment to use GA ingredient for developing cosmetic in terms of stability.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on banking sustainability plays an important role in helping banks understand the level of risk in different types of companies. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the sustainability of Joint Stock Commercia l Banks in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: The following theories, the factors affecting the bank's sustainability include: Business model diversification (income diversification), bank size, loan ratio, and net interest margin. Data was collected from Joint Stock Commercial banks in Vietnam from 2015 to 2019. With GLS model on panel data with banks listed on Vietnam stock exchange. Results: The analysis results show that net interest income has a positive impact on the sustainable business results of banks through the rate of return on total assets (ROA). The non-interest income hasn't impact on bank stability. From this result, there aren't positive signs of income diversification in banks. At the same time, with the obtained results, the study also provides a policy implication for banks. Conclusions: The study also provides some policy implications to improve the bank stability. Diversifying income in banks is necessary, but how to make it influential banks has not yet been done. Therefore, the adjustments in non-interest business activities need to be carefully considered by banks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.130-137
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the main factors affecting user selection of a small-sum electronic payment system using survey data of 396 users. Several findings emerge. First, users consider three pillars and eight factors in adopting a new system : system features(stability, security, and flexibility), transaction cost(payment commission and settlement period), and financial capability of provider(stability of financial structure, risk management capability, and funding capability). Second, the stability of the financial structure of the system provider is the most important factor to user acceptance of a new e-payment system. Users tend to consider uncertainty risk more seriously than transaction cost. This reflects the reality that electronic payment system service industry has not fully fledged yet. Third, some moderating effects exist according to payment methods and business usages. As for payment methods, speedy settlement cycle for wired/wireless phone payment, system stability for credit card and account transfer payment, and security for advance payment means are crucial factors. As for business usages, the stability of financial structure for online game content, system stability for music and video content, proxy payment commission for e-learning content, flexibility of the payment system for digital adult content, and security for public services are decisive ones.