• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2007

Objective : Radiation therapy is an important treatment for brain tumor. However, serious complications such as radiation necrosis can occur and it may be secondary to the expression of acute phase genes, like cytokines. In particular, inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) and other immunomodulatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$) might be changed after irradiation (high single dose irradiation). Although it has been reported that IL-1 level is remarkably elevated within 8 week after the irradiation to the rat brain. the change of cytokines levels at acute phase (within 24 hours) has not been reported. In the present study, we examined TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ levels in acute phase to clarify the early effect of cytokines on the radiation-induced brain damage. Methods : Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and these were divided into irradiation group and control group. After a burr-hole trephination on the right parietal area using a drill, a single 10Gy was irradiated at the trephined site. Their forebrains were extirpated at 30 min, 2 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively and examined for the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. Results : The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}1$ were decreased until 12 hr after irradiation but elevated thereafter. The expression of IL-1 was peak at 8 hr and then decreased until 12 hr but elevated after this time window. The present study indicated that expression of cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) were increased at 24 hr after the irradiation to the rat brain. IL-$1{\beta}$ level, on the other hand. reached peak at 8 hr after radiation injury. Conclusion : These findings indicate that IL-1, among various cytokines, may have a more important role in the inflammatory reaction by radiation injury at acute phase and provide some clues for better understanding of the pathogenesis of radiation injury.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2019

Eikenella corrodens는 구강 상재균으로 두경부 감염을 주로 일으키나 면역력이 정상인 소아청소년에게 감염을 일으키는 경우는 흔하지 않다. 저자들은 발열, 두통, 구토를 증상으로 입원한 이전까지 건강하였던 13세 남자에게서 E. corrodens 감염에 의한 중추신경계 경막 외 농양을 진단하여 보고하는 바이다. 초기에 시행한 신체검진에서 경부 강직은 없었으나, 우측 이루가 관찰되었다. 뇌 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 영상소견에서 4.5 cm 크기의 경막 외 농양이 우측 측두엽 부근에서 발견되었고, 양측 사골동염 및 접형동염, 우측 유양돌기염과 중이염이 동반되었다. Vancomycin과 cefotaxime 투약 중에도, 임상증상이 호전되지 않고 추적 MRI에서 경막 외 농양의 크기가 증가하고, 우측 접형동에 농양이 형성되어 항균요법과 함께 천두술과 내시경적 접형동 절개술을 시행하였다. 수술 시 경막 외 농양과 접형동에서 악취가 나는 고름이 다량 흡인되었으며 두 부위에서 흡인된 검체 모두에서 E. corrodens가 배양되었다. 수술 이후 3주 동안 cefotaxime 정맥주사로 치료받고 합병증 없이 회복하였다. 결론적으로, E. corrodens는 건강한 소아청소년에서 치료되지 않은 세균성 부비동염에 합병하여 중추신경계 농양의 원인이 될 수 있다.