• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Alum (AL) and Burnt Alum (BAL), which are commonly used as external ointments. Methods: Extracts of AL and BAL were classified into three groups: 20, 50, and $100mg/{\mu}{\ell}$. The cytotoxicity was measured by using MTT assays in human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The anti-oxidant effect was measured by using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenger. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by using the inhibitory efficacy for the amount of nitric-oxide (NO) produced in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Results: BAL showed a higher level of cytotoxicity than AL. The AL groups showed a concentration-dependent scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, but no significant relevance was found. The BAL groups showed a concentration-dependent scavenging effect on DPPH radicals. The scavenging effects of the BAL groups were almost insignificant, but the values for the 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ trials were different. The BAL groups showed significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on NO production, but the AL groups did not. Conclusions: AL showed an anti-oxidant effect more efficiently than BAL did, which demonstrated a superior anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, for external usage, AL must be distinguished from BAL.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.260-269
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to develop higher-value added dyeing materials with the fermentation-dyeing -mordanting system using only the natural ingredients by integrating traditional fermentation techniques with traditional dyeing technique. Nuruk, which is used mainly to ferment traditional foods, was used as a fermenting agent to ferment 5 different types of materials. Acidic burnt alum and alkaline calcium hydroxide were used as natural mordants. The dyeability checked after fermentation showed that both cotton and silk mordanted with Gardenia jasminoides did not show notable changes, and 10 days of fermentation was found to be appropriate. Sophora japonica L. performed better on cotton materials mordanted with slaked lime, and alkaline mordants were found to be more effective than acidic ones. With Rheum coreanum, a fermentation period of more than 24 days ($5^{th}$ fermentation) worked best on cotton material, showing a 5 fold increase in the K/S value after the $5^{th}$ slaked lime fermentation than with no fermentation. Rhus javanica L. was found to increase the color fastness to gentle washing and the fastness to light was found to possess 4 means that natural dyed fabric have the highest level of durability, the grade 1 the lowest level of fastness.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2015

Scolpendra subspinipes (centipede) is pungent in flavor, activates the channels to stop pain, and, removes toxins and resolves masses. So it has been used as a folk remedy. We researched folk remedies which used centipede as a single medicine and results of its prior clinical and experimental study, and figured out that centipedes are effective on ulcerative disease, herpes zoster, clavus, insect bite, inflammatory disease, furunculus, pain disease by external therapy, and oral administration is effective on anti-cancer such as hepatoma and uterine cancer, cerebrovascular disease, inhibition of atherosclerosis, sedation of central nervous system, antipyretic action, and anti-inflammation, and centipede Herb-Acupuncture is effective on inflammatory disease and pain disease. Centipede preparation materials for external therapy were sesame oil, perilla oil, vinegar, salt, and, burnt alum. Fumigation of centipede treated paronychia, pertussis, and hemorrhoids. For the external therapy, the way of centipede powder mixing with other materials has been used. It is needed that we use dusted powder to make skin absorb its ingredients more easily, and we study intensely minor ingredients to make centipede components absorbed more effectively and do pharmacological action. Also, fumigation, a kind of another external therapy, is considered to be effective treatment of upper respiratory infection like pertussis, so it needs an in-depth study on centipede fumigation.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify the contents, frequency of use, and the rationales of folk remedies frequently used for first aid at home for stomachache, vomiting, strain, food poisoning, vaginal bleeding, or wounds of snake or dog bite, or bee sting. As the method of the study, data were collected by conducting a questionnaire of 185 persons, who filled it out or who were interviewed from May to August in 1998. The collected data was analyzed by using frequency and the rationales for the contents of the folk remedies were described base on literatures. The results were as follows,. 1. The folk remedies for stomachache in frequency order were 'warming the abdomen', 'rubbing the abdomen with a hand', or 'pricking a finger to bleed', which have the rationals. 2. The folk remedies for vomiting in frequency order are 'drinking water of watery radish' and 'pricking a finger to bleed', which have the rationales. 3. The folk remedies for strain in frequency order are 'soaking the affected area into cold water or applying an ice pack' and 'after soaking jasmine in water, making a dough with flour, and then attaching it on the affected area', which have the rationales, Additionally, although the frequencies are low, 'drinking brewed Achyranthis Radix' and 'applying brewed leaves and stalks of Sambuci Cortex' have the rationales. 4. The folk remedies for food poisoning in frequency order are 'drinking black beans and licorice brewed together' and 'eating mung beans', which have the scientific grounds. 5. The folk remedies for bloody discharge in frequency order are 'drinking brewed lotus root' and 'eating boiled chicken stuffed with root of bell-flower'. However, 'drinking brewed Thujae orientalis Folium' has the rationales. 6. The folk remedy for snake bite wounds that has the scientific grounds is 'sucking blood by a person without hurt in the mouth'. However, quite a lot of people apply alum or soy paste, which has no rationales. 7. The folk remedies for the bee sting in frequency order are 'after removing the sting, applying soy paste or sauce' and 'applying saliva'. No rationales for 'applying saliva' have been found. 8. The folk remedy for the dog bite wound that has the rationales is 'applying juice of leaves or stalks of Xanthii Fructus'. However, 85% of surveyed people use remedies that have no scientific grounds, such as 'applying burnt dog hair mixed with (sesame) oil' and 'applying soy paste or sauce'. Various materials are used in folk remedies for first aid treatment as shown above. Some of the folk remedies have the rationales since their medicinal actions have been found. However, the medicinal actions of the majority have not been found, but only known that they are effective, Especially for the materials except botanical drugs, they are used without knowing the effects since their components and pharmacognosies have not been described in any literature. The results of this research may be used for materials to educate the surveyed people or to consult them. Accordingly, the folk remedies that have the rationales are required to continue to study to find out the effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 1972

고구마를 직접(直接) 탁주양조(濁酒釀造)로 사용(使用)하기 위하여 생(生) 고구마 및 절간(切干) 고구마분(粉)을 이용(利用)한 제국실험(製麴實驗), 그리고 산(酸), 알칼리, 산화(酸化)환원제, polyphenol oxidase 저해제등(等)의 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 절간(切干)고구마의 탈색실험(脫色實驗)과 알칼리 및 열처리(熱處理)에 의(依)한 생(生) 고구마의 박피실험(剝皮實驗)을 하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 생(生) 고구마를 원료(原料)로 담금한 경우에 박피(剝皮)하여 담금한 구(區)가 하지않는 구(區)에 비(比)하여 다소(多少) 높은 발효율(發酵率)을 보였고, 전체적(全體的)으로 각구(各區)에서 모두 산(酸)이 많고 알콜 생성량(生成量)이 적었으며 그 제성주(製成酒)의 색상(色相) 및 취기(臭氣)가 좋지 못하였다. 2. 절간(切干)고구마분(粉)을 원료(原料)로 담금한 경우에는 생(生)고구마로 담금한 구(區)에 비(比)하여 총산함량(總酸含量)이 적은 반면(反面)에 알콜생성량(生成量)이 훨씬 많았다. 당화보조제(糖化補助劑)로서 엿기름을 사용(使用) 구(區)보다 밀기울국(麴)을 사용(使用)한 구(區)에서 알콜의 증산(增産)을 보여 4일후(日後) 술덧의 알콜함량(含量)이 $10.5{\sim}11.4%$에 달(達)하였고 그 제성주(製成酒)는 산미(酸味)가 부족(不足)하여 제성후(製成後) 시간경과(時間經過)에 따라 점차 암색(暗色)으로 착색(着色)되어 제품(製品)으로서의 가치(價値)가 저하(低下)되었다. 3. 절간(切干)고구마분(粉)에 Neuropora sitophila 및 Aspergillus oryzae 를 접종(接種)하여 제국(製麴)한 결과(結果), 균사(菌絲)가 고르게 발육(發育)된 국(麴)을 얻었으나 이들 국(麴)으로 담금한 술덧은 알콜함량(含量)이 현저(顯著)히 낮았다. 4. 산(酸) 및 알칼리, polyphenol oxidase 저해제(沮害濟), 그리고 ether, ethanol 등(等) 유기용제(有機溶劑) 처리(處理)에 의(依)한 절간(切干)고구마의 탈색효과는 가피(加被)할 수 없었으며 공시(共時)한 산화환원제중(酸化還元劑中) $KMnO_4$가 가장 탈색효과가 있었고 염류중(鹽類中)에서는 명반 및 소(燒)명반의 효과도 다소인정(多少認定)되었다. 5. 절간(切干)고구마분(粉)에 첨수하여 가열(加熱) 호화(糊化)할 때의 흑변(黑變)에는 공존(共存)하는 pectin 및 amino 산(酸)은 별영향(別營饗)을 미치지 않으나 tannin 은 기타(其他) 착색물질(着色物質)과 함께 영향(影響)을 주었다. 6. 고구마의 박피(剝皮)에는 3% 알칼리 비등용액중(沸騰溶液中)에서 6분간(分揀) 침적(沈積)로서 효과가 없었으며 비등수중(沸騰水中)에서는 12분간(分揀) 이상(以上)의 처리를 요하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로서 생(生)고구마 또는 절간(切干)고구마분(粉)으로 양조(釀造)하거나 이를 제국(製麴)하여 양조(釀造)하는 데는 일반적(一般的)인 담금법(法)으로서 좋은 결과(結果)를 얻을 수 없었으며 여러 가지 전처리(前處理)에 의(依)한 원료(原料)의 탈색효과도 기대(期待)할 수 없었으므로, 생(生)고구마 또는절간(切干)고구마분(粉)을 직접 원료(原料) 사용(使用)하려면 여기에 적합(適合)한 효모(酵母)와 고구마착색물질(着色物質)을 분해(分解)시키는 미생물(微生物)의 검색(檢索)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)가 필요(必要)하겠다.