• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2001

A study on the amount, distribution and item of bottom litter on the sea-bed was conducted by the bottom trawl net at 5 sections in Chinhae Bay over a year. The number and weight of litter found per unit of swept area (1 hectare) in each section were estimated as the range of 8.76-80.63 pieces, 3.51-108.39kg, respectively. The seasonal variation of high (Aug., '97) and low season (Feb., '98) in quantity was small, and it was about 2 times as the range of 24.58- 52.61 pieces/ha between them. But the weight variation between high (Apr., '98) and low season (Aug., '97) was very large, about 30 times as the range of 4.06-119.64kg/ha. The largest and second composition on the weight of bottom litter in Chinhae Bay are $76\%$ in other-litter with compound and bulky materials, and $93\%$ in fishing gear, respectively. The relationship between quantity and weight of bottom litter was not occurred due to the variety of specific gravity. Of the fishing gear, fishing nets was portioned to be 2.571kg/ha in weight and $84.9\%$ in composition. So these results prove that fishing nets were discarded as the most part of fishing gear during fishing activity in the bay. The largest composition of the soiled state classified into 3 styles in overall bottom litter was $69\%$ in very soiled state, and the second one of $28\%$ in the soiled state. On the other hand, new state is very small and portioned in $3.0\%$ of all. Chinhae Bay was estimated to be about 10 times in quantity and about 36 times in weight of Tokyo Bay. Therefore, these suggest that Chinhae Bay is a very serious polluted estuary caused by the bottom litter such as heavy and bulky wastes, fishing gear.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 1999

This study deals with litter which has sunk and accumulated on the sea-bed of the Chinhae Bay obtained by using a beam trawler. The litter collected through the duration of survey (1997~1998) were distributed from 8.76~80.63 items/ha and 3.51~108.39 kg/ha, respectively, in quantities and weights. Especially bulky wastes(shell, tires, motorcycle and refrigerator) were composed of 76% of them, next metal and glasses, 29.5%. The seasonal variability of litters in the bay is large, as 62% in April, next August, 23%, in total weights.These discarded substances have the widespread distribution but varied in each sampled area. Therefore they exist in a significant pollutants, as threatening the fishing activities and near marine environment, and also potential damage to marine resources.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1979년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.113.1-113
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• 1979

Each year, vast amount of agricultural crop residues are produced (about 60 percent of the total crop production), which have not been effectively utilized because they are bulky and lignocellulosic, thus having little fuel energy per unit volume. Using treated plant residues as animal feeds could result in an ultimate saving of fossil fuel energy and a more effective utilizat ion of products created by the photosynthetic process. Feeding the residues to animals would decrease the pollution potential, but these residues are difficult for even a ruminant animal to digest. If cellulosic wastes produced from cereal grain straw and wood could be digested, land now used for producing forage add grain cnuld be shifted to food crops for humans. During the past decade, considerable efforts were made to utilize crop residues. These utilization methods can be broadly grouped into for categories: (1) direct uses, (2) mechanical conversions, (3) chemical conversions and (4) biological conversions. Agricultural crop residues consist mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, andother plant carbohydrates. The nature of the constituents of these residues can be best utilized as one of the five FS: Fuel, Fiber, Fertilizer, Feed and Food. Many processes have teen proposed and some are in industrial production stage. However, economics of the process depend on the location where availability of other competitive products are different.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

대형폐기물량을 산정해야 하는 상황에서 드론을 이용하여 폐기물의 3차원 모형을 구축하여 폐기물의 정량적인 양을 산출할 수 있다. 필요에 따라서 단시간에 폐기물량을 산정해야 하는 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 비행변수와 지상기준점 측량을 통해 드론 기반의 3차원 모형을 구축하고 정확도와 소요되는 시간의 관계를 분석하였으며 단시간에 폐기물량 산정을 위한 적절한 드론 활용 기법을 도출하고자 하였다. 드론을 이용하여 폐기물의 영상을 촬영하여 자동정합하고 3차원 좌표를 가지는 모형을 생성하였다. 3차원 모형의 정확도는 RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) 계산을 통해 평가하였다. 총 49개 모형의 RMSE는 최고 0.08부터 최저 124.75로 나타났다. 정확도가 높은 상위 15개 모형의 소요시간과 그 특성을 분석한 결과, RMSE가 0.08로 영상의 정확도가 가장 높은 1번 모형의 소요시간이 954.87분으로 나타났다. 또한 소요시간이 98.27분으로 가장 짧은 10번 3차원 모형의 RMSE는 0.15로써 정확도가 가장 높은 모형과 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 가장 효율적인 드론 비행변수는 비행고도 150m에서 높은 촬영중복도(종중복도 60-70%, 횡중복도 30-40%)이며 영상정합에 필요한 지상기준점 개수는 최소 10개 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 드론을 활용하여 신속하고 효율적인 폐기물량 산정하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.