• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hot solution soaking and chilling treatment on sprouting and enlargement of bulblets obtained through in vitro culture in Korean native lilies with ornamental values. In vitro bulblets of Lilium cernuum, L. hansonii, L. hansonii for. mutatum, L. leichtlinii, and L. tsingtauense were soaked in distilled water or 100 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ and $GA_{4+7}$ solution maintained at $35^{\circ}C$ for two hours (hot water treatment) and/or exposed at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 4, or 8 weeks (chilling treatment) and then planted in plastic trays filled with media and grown in a greenhouse at $20^{\circ}C$ and under 16 h photoperiod. In all species, no bulblet propagated by tissue culture sprouted without chilling or hot water treatment due to dormancy. For dormancy breaking, $GA_{4+7}$ hot solution treatment increasing sprouting by 55-96%, whereas distilled water or GA was not effective in sprouting. Chilling treatment for 4 weeks induced sprouting by 50-70% in L. cernuum and L. leichtlinii, whereas 8 weeks was needed for sprouting of L. hansonii and L. hansonii for. mutatum. Combined treatment of hot water and chilling treatments synergistically promoted sprouting. Especially, in L. cernuum and L. hansonii, $GA_{4+7}$ hot solution soaking prior to chilling for 4 weeks promoted sprouting by 35-45% compared with the reverse order. Enlargement of bulblets resulted from increase in fresh weight and diameter was promoted by the treatments that increased the sprouting percentage of bulblets. Only in L. cernuum, shoots emerged from bulblets soaked in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution or chilled at $4^{\circ}C$ and shoot emergence rate was highest in bulblets soaked in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chilled for 8 weeks. From these results, the most effective method for bulblet sprouting and enlargement was to soak in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chill for 4 weeks in L. hansonii, hansonii for. mutatum, and leichtlinii, and to soak in hot $GA_{4+7}$ solution and then chill for 4 weeks in L. cernuum and tsingtauense.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bulblet size on growth and bulb enlargement of Lilium Oriental hybrids, such as 'Sorbonne', 'Siberia', and 'Casa Blanca', grown in areas of high altitude (780 m), in 2009. The bulblets were oriented from tissue culture and planted to produce virus-free bulblets. All the three cultivars showed high vitality, with more than 93% producing shoots, even from small bulblets with a bulb circumference (BC) of less than 6 cm. Bulblets with BC 9-10 cm showed an increased height and number of leaves rapidly to induce the phase conversation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The bulblets of BC 9-10 cm in 'Sorbonne', 'Siberia', and 'Casa Blanca' had 2.0, 2.9, and 2.8 flower bud sets per plant, respectively. However, the flowers from those bulblets were not adequate as standard bulbs to produce cut-flowers for the domestic market. The larger bulblets showed more prosperous characteristics in growth and development of Lilium Oriental hybrids. Small bulblets had a high occurrence of viruses and leaf blight symptoms during cultivation, indicating the aggravated disease symptoms in the previously infected bulbs. 'Sorbonne' cultivars showed a high rate of enlargement of bulbs, and small bulblets under BC 6 cm produced more than 23% of the standard bulbs of BC 14-16 cm, which could produce cut-flowers for export. However, 'Casa Blanca' bulblets with BC 6-9 cm produced low bulbs of BC 14-16 cm at 21% level. 'Casa Blanca' cultivars had more bulb roots, longer root lengths, and higher weights than 'Sorbonne' and 'Siberia' cultivars. 'Casa Blanca' cultivars with BC over 9-10 cm grew rapidly and produced a high quantity of bulbs. In these results, 'Sorbonne' bulblets of BC 9-10, 'Siberia' bulblets of BC 10-12 cm, and 'Casa Blanca' bulblets of BC 10-12 cm produced 89%, 86%, and 93% of the standard bulbs of BC 14-16 cm, respectively. It is recommended that bulblets larger than the above sizes be used to produce cut-flowers for the export market. Experiment results suggest that production of bulbs larger than BC 18 cm requires bulblets that are larger than BC 12-14 cm of the three cultivars for the highest quality cut-flowers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1994

Since garlics (Allium sativum L.) are propagated through cloves, infection by virus or other pathogens may become severe problem if not using high quality seed bulbs every year resulting in the reduction of yield and bulb quality, In order to solve this problem, the establishment of virus-free bulb production and its supply system have been required because no chemicals were found to eliminate viruses from seed bulbs. This experiment was conducted to develop an effective production technique of high quality seed bulbs using shoot-tip culture. Over 90% of shoot-tips explanted on January L 1990 were survived at constant temperature of either 20, 24 or 28$^{\circ}C$, wheres 88% at alternate temperature (28/20$^{\circ}C$). The growth of shoot and root was most vigorous at constant 24$^{\circ}C$, and least at alternate temperature (28/20$^{\circ}C$) condition. When shoot-tips were explanted June 21 to August 1,1991, survival and growth of shoot-tips was most vigorous on MS medium supplymented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L kinetin and least 1 mg/L Gh$_3$. The shoot-tips taken from the seed bulbs stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 15 to 60 days were placed on MS medium, shoot growth and in vitro bulblet formation increased slightly as affected by the increase of told treatment period at 4$^{\circ}C$.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2010

This experiment was carried out in order to determine proper plant growth regulators (PGR) and their concentrations for direct shoot induction and somatic embryogenesis from leaf tissue cultures of Muscari armeniacum 'Early Giant'. Direct shoot formation from the leaf explant culture was effective only on a half-strength MS medium containing $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D, while embryogenesis was occurred on a half-strength MS medium containing $0.1{\sim}1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IPA or without PGR. The regenerated bulblets derived from embryos or shoots were harvested and transplanted into a greenhouse. The sprouting percentage of bulblets obtained from different culture media ranged from 80 to 100% and growth of quality bulblets was enhanced when the bulblets were harvested from the medium containing $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $1.0{\sim}3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IPA.