• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.213-222
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• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to assess the physicochemical water quality and the altitudinal distribution of low-temperature and mountain epilithic diatom (LTMD) community in Buk and Hangae streams that are located in Seorak Mountain with the height of 1708 m in Korea. And the community characteristics of LTMD found in the Buk and Hangae streams were compared to that of LTMD from the Han River system. Results: The physicochemical water qualities of Buk and Hangae streams were determined to be very clean. As a result of analyzing the community composition, 135 taxa of epilithic diatoms were determined, and 22 taxa appeared including Hannaea arcus var. subarcus which are known to have low-temperature and mountain ecological characteristics in the literatures. The relative frequencies of LTMD were 37.0~0.9% range from the upper to lower regions. Although Diatoma tenuis, Eunotia minor, and Gomphonema affine are known to be ubiquitous in streams and lakes, in this research, the three taxa were added into low-temperature and mountain epilithic diatom, since D. tenuis and E. minor appeared only in altitudes above 600 m, and G. affine had the highest relative frequency during spring and fall in altitudes above 700 m, when water temperature was around $10^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: Among the 24 taxa of low-temperature and mountain epilithic diatom (LTMD) (including the 3 taxa added in this study), 14 taxa (Diatoma hyemalis, D. mesodon, D. tenuis, Hannaea arcus, H. arcus var. subarcus, Ulnaria inaequalis, Eunotia bilunaris, E. implicata, E. minor, E. muscicola, E. silvahercynia, E. septena, Delicata delicatula, and Gomphonema affine) represented the characteristics of LTMD very well; they grow best in water temperatures below $15^{\circ}C$ in Buk and Hangae streams and Han River system.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the pollution assessment of organic matters, nutrients, and metals in sediment in major lakes (5 lakes and 17 sites) of Buk-han river using various sediment pollution assessment guidelines and indices. The concentrations of organic matters and nutrients were lower than class IV (Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Korea) and Severe Effect Level (SEL, Sediment pollution assessment guidelines of Ontario). This results indicated that the lakes sediments were unpolluted and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by organic matters and nutrients. However, several sites of Chuncheon and Soyang lakes were evaluated "heavily polluted" level by organic index (Org-index). The order of lakes by metals concentrations from the one with the highest concentration was Hwacheon, Chuncheon, Cheongpyeong, Uiam, Soyang. All lakes except Hwacheon were assessed unpolluted to marginally and tolerable level for sediment dwelling organisms by metals based on sediment pollution assessment guidelines (Korean and Ontario), indices of geoaccumulation ($I_{geo}$), pollution loading (PLI) and ecological risk (RI). In Lake Hwacheon, every investigated sites were polluted with metals, especially Hg, based on sediment pollution assessment guideline of Korea and indices ($I_{geo}$, PLI and RI). The dwelling organisms in sediment of Hwacheon Lake were likely to be severed by metals.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.233-240
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• 2001

This research was conducted with the aim of efficiently managing large scale of rivers such like Songyang-river through predicting water quality change with analyzing the characteristics of the flowing in nutrients and pollutants. The main result will be used as basic data for effectively operating reservoirs through controling water quality and quantity. The relationship between quantity of flow and water quality was analyzed and pollution loading into the basin was estimated. Three areas of Soyang-river upstream and one area of Suip-cheon in Yanggu-gun were selected as research sites. Flow and water quality were measured simultaneously. The relation between quantity of discharge and pollution concentration and between quantity of discharge and pollution loading were analyzed by statistical method, respectively. We provided a rating curve through measuring quantity of discharge(collecting quantity of discharge) and pollutograph and pollution loading curve through water quality data. Also, we analyzed the correlation between quantity of discharge per unit area and pollution loading per unit area in each basin. As resurt of this research, Buk-cheon spot revealed an excellent first grade water quality for the items including $BOD_5$, DO, and SS. The correlation coefficient between Buk-cheon spot's quantity of discharge and pollution loading was 0.896~0.996, showing the validity of analysis applying correlation curve formula of quantity of discharge and pollution loading in the same spot. Also, pollution loading per unit area of the items including $BOD_5$, COD, DO, SS, T-N, T-P increased as the area of basins get increased following the sequence of Buk-cheon, Suip-cheon, Naelin-cheon spots.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.53-56
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• 2009

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.B
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• pp.199-205
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• 2009

This study selected Naerin Stream, Inbuk Stream and Buk Stream, branch rivers of Soyang Dam, also area of highland agriculture as test sites and measured flow and water quality, particularly eutrophication factors (BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P) in precipitation season and non precipitation season for a year, 2008. Based on the result, the study examined the change in water quality in relation to flow, and created flow discharged - pollution loads regression line by estimating pollution loads flowed from each branch river. And the study calculated annual pollution discharge loads for unit area and proposed regression equation on it by using regression analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1998

In order to study the general characteristics of reservoir and stream sediments, various analysis tests were conducted. Water contents and ignition loss were measured to know the primary sediment characteristics. The COD, total phosphorus and nitrogen were contained for the determination of organic substance content. For the purpose of establishing the contamination degree of heavy metals, some heavy metal contents were investigated. In heavy metal contents, reservoir sediments showed somewhat higer value than stream sediments. As a result, the reservoir sediment content of all analysis items were higher than stream sediment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.643-655
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• 2011

This study addresses the periphytons along the Bukhan river stream and examines the biological indices that represents the river and estimate water quality assessment. Bukhan river in 4 major watershed streams (Bukchon-Hangeychon, Narinchon, Inbukchon, and Soyang river) was selected in 9 points. Land use pattern along the streams showed marked differenced in agriculture areas and forest areas. Lower Soyang streams showed blue-green algae and green algae also appeared in evenly pattern. Thus, the pollution source, biomass and distribution are somewhat correlated, and BOD, SS, biodiversity, and evenness showed a similar pattern. This situation can lead to conclusion of oligotrophic lake with good condition. Therefore, current biological index and is not so desirable for stream degree standard water quality and nutrient level.

• Architectural research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2007

Our nation has a problem with discrimination of income distribution and inefficient of resources distribution caused by real estate price rising from a sudden economy growth and industrialization. Specially, in recent years, there is a great disparity of apartment price between the north and south of the Han river. Because the housing price is decided by the immanent value of a house and neighborhood effects of the regional where the house is situated, the housing price is occurred difference. The purpose of study was to analyze the influence of various factors of housing price. Also, this study tried to predict real estate market and to establish previous effective real estate policy. In this study, we analyzed the differences of housing price determinants about apartment developments between the north and south of the Han river, and found the important factors that affect the housing price using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). As a result of this study, the older the buildings are, the more the housing price and the housing price rising ratio have increased, in Gang Nam area. This reason is that these have large possibility to be reconstructed and many convenient facilities, in this area. In the case of Kang Buk area, the increase rate of housing price are so low that they couldn't take effect on the housing price and they were declined. So to speak, constructing the infrastructure which takes effect on the increase rate of housing price is very urgent.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.143-160
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• 2012

The community of periphyton was studied at high altitude streams of the Han-river System, including Buk-stream and Hangae-stream from October to November 2010. The study had special emphasis on the distribution of the cryophilic and mountain periphyton. In this research, 117 taxa of periphyton appeared and 80 taxa of diatom were included within these periphytons. Saproxenous taxa, such as Achnanthes convergens and Hannaea arcus var. subarcus were appeared in most sites, 7 sites were dominant by filamentous taxa in green and blue green algae. The DAIpo value was from 48.8 to 92.5 for the water system of this research. Most sites showed a good water quality, receiving a B class or above except the Woljeong-stream and the Daeki-stream. Cryophilic and mountain periphyton appeared 9 taxa which composed by diatoms Cymbella affinis, Cymbella tumida, Diatoma mesodon, Diatoma vulgare, Eunotia pectinalis, Hannaea arcus, Hannaea arcus var. subarcus and Synedra inaequalis and green algae Ulothrix zonata. Among these taxa, Hannaea arcus var. subarcus, found in 29 out of 33 sites, had the highest frequency of apperance. The relative frequency of Hannaea arcus var. subarcus was positively correlated with altitude($r^2$=0.539) and negatively correlated with water temperature($r^2$=0.338). As a result, Hannaea arcus var. subarcus showed the characteristics of cryophilic and mountain periphyton in the research site.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1998

This paper was performed to estimate interrelations between humus level of sediments and nutrient release from sediments in Dae-cheong reservoir. For investigations, sediments were sampled in June and October, in 1997 at fish farms, embayment, and the main stream of Dae-cheong reservoir. Items for investigation are as follows; water content, weight loss on ignition(IG), porosities of sediments, contents of element such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and nutrient release rates. Water contents and porosities were measured to conjecture the physical trait and grain size trait. Weight loss on ignition was measured to determine the contents of organic substance. For determination of the humus level of sediments, carbon and nitrogen contents were measured by elemental analyzer. As a result of elemental analysis, C/N ratio was determined in the range of $3.0\~13.1$. From the elemental analysis, humus level of Dae-cheong reservoir sediment was estimated from mesohumic state to oligotrophic state. For the determination of nutrient release rate, $PO_4-P$ and $NH_4-N$ concentrations of interstitial water and overlying water were measured. By using the concentration difference between interstitial water and overlying water and using the Fick's diffusion law, the release rates of phosphorus and nitrogen from the sediment samples were calculated. Release rates of nutrients which directly influence to the water quality were $0.05\~8.63mgP/m^2day$ and $4.99\~36.56mgP/m^2day$. It was found that release rate was measured higher in the 1st sampling period than in the 2nd sampling period. For the determination of phosphorus content in sediment, TPs were measured in 807\~1542{\mu}g/g$ in the 1st samling period and $677\~5238{\mu}g/g$ in the End samling period. Phosphorus release rate and phosphorus content were not interrelated each other.