• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.729-742
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• 2019

Natural disasters such as floods has been increased in many parts of the world, also Korea is no exception. The biggest part of natural damage in South Korea was caused by the flooding during the rainy season in every summer. The existing flood vulnerability analysis cannot explain the reality because of the repeated changes in topography. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate a new flood vulnerability index in accordance with the changed terrain and socio-economic environment. The priority of the investment for the flood prevention and mitigation has to be determined using the new flood vulnerability index. Total 25 urban districts in Seoul were selected as the study area. Flood vulnerability factors were developed using Pressure-State-Response (PSR) structures. The Pressure Index (PI) includes nine factors such as population density and number of vehicles, and so on. Four factors such as damage of public facilities, etc. for the Status Index (SI) were selected. Finally, seven factors for Response Index (RI) were selected such as the number of evacuation facilities and financial independence, etc. The weights of factors were calculated using AHP method and Fuzzy AHP to implement the uncertainties in the decision making process. As a result, PI and RI were changed, but the ranks in PI and RI were not be changed significantly. However, SI were changed significanlty in terms of the weight method. Flood vulnerability index using Fuzzy AHP shows less vulnerability index in Southern part of Han river. This would be the reason that cost of flood mitigation, number of government workers and Financial self-reliance are high.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-92
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to examine the re cent trend of the interpretation of the Principle of the Provenance in today s new environment of Archives Management and to identify the effective way of the application of the Principle of Provenance to Archives Management. Because of the continued change and the flexibility of the administrative organization and the development of information network, the traditional concept of the Principle of Provenance which put emphasis on a single creator and the physical entity of the archives has been gradually modified to a rather conceptual, abstract and realistic one. A method to apply the recent concept of the Principle of Provenance is to separate the descriptions of the record entity, the creators and the context and use the organic linkage of the separated description areas. Also we can control the provenance from the current stage or even from the pre-current stage by utilizing the classification scheme and the retention schedule. In case of the electronic records, we can manage the provenance and the context by using metadata inherent in the computerized information system. Above all it is critical that we need to structure and control the provenance by building the Korean rules for archival description corresponding to the international standards. And it is another an essential point that we have to develop a guideline for constructing the fond and maintaining its consistency.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.67-78
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• 2021

After World War II, modular housing was developed as a means of quickly and efficiently meeting the housing supply demand. For the past 30 plus years, efforts have been made to improve modular housing in South Korea and to increase their competitiveness in the housing market. This study investigated modular houses based on a steel framed rahem structure which provides a flexible floor plan where walls are easily reconfigured to create rooms of various sizes and functions. Similar to the factory production methods used in the automotive industry, the modular housing industry can also benefit by standardizing such aspects as building components, manufacturing and construction methods, materials, process management, and floor plans. This study examined the feasibility of using a 3m × 3m module for developing various floor plans which are easy to produce and transport. Each 3m × 3m module can be configured to meet different living needs resulting in a complete home when multiple modules are connected. The module configurations can be varied to meet ground transportation and crane limitations. This study found that a 3m × 3m steel framed modular unit is a promising step towards providing residents with plans that meet their living preferences while improving and increasing the supply of modular houses.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.179-196
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• 2021

With the spread of untact culture resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, the size of the car camping market has expanded to minimize contact with others. As a result, SUVs have exceeded sales of sedans, and sales of recreational vehicles (RVs) have increased by 101% compared to the same period last year. Despite the explosive increase in demand for car camping, research on car camping has not matched this increase. Therefore, in this study, we intended to conduct a study focused on car camping users. According to a survey of Naver's famous car camping cafe, it was difficult to find articles, maps, and websites with car camping places. Analysis of car camping websites showed that most only post information about the camping itself, so details of car camping places were not available. Furthermore, according to a survey derived from related prior studies and literature surveys, most users urged solutions to the problem of unauthorized garbage dumping in the car camping locations. In addition, car camping users wanted to receive information on amenities near the car camping places. Therefore, we aimed to establish a car camping website that provides basic information on car camping places and nearby convenience facilities. Moreover, to solve the problem of garbage dumping, we provided a category wherein users can post pictures of clean camping campaigns. We also developed a business model utilizing the certification process of clean camping. The business model is designed with a structure wherein car camping users are rewarded through the clean camping certification process. Compensation for clean camping certification was proposed to be provided through partnerships with domestic automakers, Korea Tourism Organization, and Small Business Market Promotion Agency.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.102-113
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• 2021

The deterioration environments caused by de-icing salt and airborne chlorides in the seashore, evaluated in the "Detailed guideline for safety and management practice of facilities (performance evaluation)", were reviewed in terms of penetrated chlorides into concrete on various road facilities. Target concrete structures, in this study, were 4 concrete barriers in Gangwon area, 3 concrete barriers and 1 retaining wall in Busan area, and 4 bridges in Gangwon-do, Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Busan. The deterioration environments were classified into three categories: direct and indirect de-icing salt attack, and airborne salt attack depending on the distance to seashore and the height of pier, and the penetrated chlorides in to concrete were analyzed. The results showed that (1) the regional deterioration environments were clearly classified by de-icing salt sprayed days (snowfall days), (2) the penetrated chlorides increased significantly when leakage occurred through slabs or expansion joints, and (3) the airborne chlorides affected to a height of 20 m concrete in the seashore, Busan. From these, it could be confirmed that the chloride ion penetration properties depend on the exposed aging environment, member location and height, and deterioration status, even on the same structure, so the selection of target members and location is very important in the inspection and maintenance. If the database of penetrated chlorides properties in various deterioration environments is constructed, it is expected that the proactive durability management on concrete structures will be possible in the field.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

In this study, to improve the connection performance between the existing reinforced concrete (R/C) frame and the strengthening member, we proposed a new H-section steel frame with elastic pad (HSFEP) system for seismic rehabilitation of existing medium-to-low-rise reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings. This HSFEP strengthening system exhibits an excellent connection performance because an elastic pad is installed between the existing structure and reinforcing frame. The method shows a strength design approach implemented via retrofitting, to easily increase the ultimate lateral load capacity of R/C buildings lacking seismic data, which exhibit shear failure mechanism. Two full-size two-story R/C frame specimens were designed based on an existing R/C building in Korea lacking seismic data, and then strengthened using the HSFEP system; thus, one control specimen and one specimen strengthened with the HSFEP system were used. Pseudodynamic tests were conducted to verify the effects of seismic retrofitting, and the earthquake response behavior with use of the proposed method, in terms of the maximum response strength, response displacement, and degree of earthquake damage compared with the control R/C frame. Test results revealed that the proposed HSFEP strengthening method, internally applied to the R/C frame, effectively increased the lateral ultimate strength, resulting in reduced response displacement of R/C structures under large scale earthquake conditions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

Using virtual reality technology, users can learn and experience many interactions in virtual space like the actual physical space. This study was conducted to develop air flow simulator that allows farmers and consultants to consult air flow through VR devices by creating a greenhouse or pigpen model. It can help educate farmers about the importance of ventilation effects for agricultural facilities. We proposed CFD visualization system by building a virtual reality environment and constructing database of CFD and structure of agricultural facilities. After consultants can set up situations according to environmental conditions, the users experience the visualized air flow of agricultural facility according to the ventilation effects. Also it can provide a quantified environmental distribution in the agricultural facility. Currently, the CFD data in agricultural facilities are established during winter and summer. In order to experience various environmental conditions in the developed system, The experts need to run CFD data under various environmental conditions and register them in the system requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.469-481
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• 2018

DL (Deep Learning) is getting popular in various fields to implement artificial intelligence that resembles human learning and cognition. DL based on complicate structure of the ANN (Artificial Neural Network) requires computing power and computation cost. Variety of DL models with improved performance have been developed with powerful computer specification. The main purpose of this paper is to detect buildings from aerial images and evaluate performance of Mask R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) developed by FAIR (Facebook AI Research) team recently. Mask R-CNN is a R-CNN that is evaluated to be one of the best ANN models in terms of performance for semantic segmentation with pixel-level accuracy. The performance of the DL models is determined by training ability as well as architecture of the ANN. In this paper, we characteristics of the Mask R-CNN with various types of the images and evaluate possibility of the generalization which is the ultimate goal of the DL. As for future study, it is expected that reliability and generalization of DL will be improved by using a variety of spatial information data for training of the DL models.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

This study investigated electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and mechanical property to improve electromagnetic shielding performance of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC). Steel fiber, steel slag and carbon black as a conductive material were incorporated into the HPFRCC mixes. In addition, 2% CNT solution which was produced by dispersing multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) into water was used as a conductive material. In the test results, electrical conductivity of HPFRCC specimens was very low except for the specimen incorporating 1% carbon black. Micro structure of cement matrix was changed as the curing time increased, which negatively affected the conductive network of HPFRCC. In case of HC1 specimen showing a conductive network (0.083 S/cm), the electrical conductivity of the specimen after being dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours to exclude the effect of water on electrical conductivity was significantly reduced to 0.0003 S/cm. The most important parameter of electromagnetic shielding effect was found to be a steel fiber while the effect of carbon black and steel slag was very few. The correlation between electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effect does not seem to be clear.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.289-302
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• 2018

As business activities of firms for maximizing profits has resulted in increases in economic, social and environmental problems in regional geographies, they have stimulated some social activities through enhancing their public image and justifying their conducts. In fact, firms have been given concerned with a decrease in profits due to the promotion of their social activities required by local communities. However, firms are able to create shared value resulted in added value creation centering on shareholder as well as stakeholder by expanding increases in economic and social values. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to draw an index which is able to evaluate the mechanism of virtuous circle resulted from creating shared value(hereafter CSV). At the same time, it has attempted to analyze some limits to and real effects of CSV by the index. The paper has analyzed the CSV of certificated coffee by using the index of sustainability in the Vietnamese coffee industry. The introduction of certificated coffee showed positive effects in the order of environmental, economic and social indicators. However, the structure of closed decision-making in Vinacafe, which is a state-firm, has not able to secure enough economic profits for CSV, leading to some limits to the formation of virtuous circles in the Vietnamese certificated coffee industry.