• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 1999

Precast prestressed double-tee slab may be designed by the PCI Design Handbook. It is based on the bridge construction and is required for reorganization for the use of buildings in the domestic construction environments. Much enhanced sections are developed from the reforming process on the determined design factors in the previous experimental works on double tees. Pre-determined shape, reinforcement detail, and 5000 psi concrete strength can not be expected as the best solution for the domestic construction requirements because large amount of use on that systems are anticipated. Flexural tests are performed on four full-scale 12.5m proto-type models, "least depth double tee", which are resulted from the optimization process. Domestic superimposed live load regulation, domestic material properties which is available to product, building design requirements and economy in construction are considered as the main factors to establish. the first two sections are double tee section for 1.2 ton/$\m^2$ market live load with straight and one-point depressed strands and the second two are for 0.6 ton/$\m^2$ parking live load with those strand types. All of the specimens tested fully comply with the flexural strength requirements as specified by ACI 318-95. However, the research has shown that following improved considerations are needed for better result in practice. The locations and method of connection for the lowest bottom mild bar, connection method between precast and cast-in-place concrete, and dap-end reinforcement are need to be improved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.485-488
• /
• 2006

This research has evaluated flowability of ultra flowing self-compacting concrete, which is limitedly used for traditional building structures, in accordance with the first class regulations of Japan Society of Civil Engineering(JSCE) that can be applied to overcrowding-arrangement of bar, as a part of application methods that ultra flowing self-compacting concrete is applied to both precast and prestress bridge structures. The experimental results show that the flowability is acceptable in ternary blended among binary and ternary blended mixings, which satifies the first class regulation of JSCE. It is also concluded to use fly ash to increase viscosity of concrete in the case of segregation resistance because of low viscosity in the mixture of slag from blast furnace and limestone micropowder. Satisfying goals of every mixing after U-box self-compacting experiment, we conclude that ultra flowing self-compacting concrete is applicable to bridges and civil constructions of overcrowding arrangement of bar with evaluation of flowability of ultra flowing self-compacting concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2011

ent years, the change of urban function and the decrease in birth rate have given rise to merge, abolition and relocation of the existing schools. This study explores the possibilities for various land utilizations of relocated school sites, using the trial case of 'A' elementary school in Eun-pyeong gu, Seoul. 'A' elementary school has happened transfer plan due to the urban development project of the redevelopment area, Eun-pyeong gu in Seoul. Firstly, it studies the land use categories and the development methodologies of 7 relocated school sites happened in Seoul. In addition, it analyzes the land utilization after relocation, development principals, area, building usage and changes in land use regulation. Finally, it proposes the commercial exploitation of school site targeting 'A' elementary school site. Throughout the profit analysis, this study concludes that it is available to exploit the relocated school sites by the variety of development methodologies, especially in a metropolis like Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2012

Due to reinforcement of international environment regulation and high oil prices, interest in renewable energy is growing. Countries participating in UNFCCC are continuously putting efforts in reducing greenhouse gas after enforcing Kyoto Protocol into effect on Feb, 2005. Energy used in buildings, which relies heavily on fossil fuel accounts for about 24% of total energy consumption. In this study, air, geothermal and water source heat pump systems for an 322 $m^2$ auditorium in an office building is simulated using TRNSYS version 17 for comparing energy consumptions. The results show that energy consumptions of air, geothermal and water source heat pumps are 14,485, 10,249, and 10,405 kWh, respectively. Annual equal payments which consider both initial and running costs become 5,734,521, 6,403,257 and 5,596,058 Won. Thus, water source heat pump is the best economical choice.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to categorize Commercial area by identifying characteristics of blocks and coding them in order to segment use zoning in Commercial area. The study was conducted as follows. Data from building register, cadastral map, statistics annual report are utilized to identify the physical environment of the block. four types used as code under the physical environment classification code which are classification code of physical environment, detail usage, volume ratio, and height type are set, and combine the classification codes sorted by the four types of code. Through the physical environment classification codes, there are currently 37 different block characteristics of the Old downtown Commercial area. Diversity is not reflected. There are only Central commercial area of regulations in Old downtown commercial areas that are uniformly managed. For the renewal, management and development that can occur in the near future, it is necessary to segment of use district in the commercial area. Consider the current situation and future development direction for the management of sustainable commercial areas. Management is required using physical environment classification codes. It is meaningful that it can be maintained, managed and developed in accordance with the characteristics of each block.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.8_spc
• /
• pp.1219-1232
• /
• 2019

The global goat population continues to grow and is now over one billion. The number of goats raised primarily for milk production is also growing, due to expanding demand. Most of the world dairy goat production and consumption is in Asia, but a global view of the dairy goat sector reveals important lessons about building successful modern dairy goat industries. The most organized market for goat milk is found in Europe, especially in France. The European goat sector is specialized for milk production, mostly for industrial cheesemaking, while also supporting traditional on-farm manufacturing. Government involvement is significant in sanitary regulation, research, extension, support for local producer organizations, and markets, and ensures safety and quality. Nonetheless, producers are still vulnerable to market fluctuations. New dairy goat industries are developing in countries without a long goat milk tradition, such as China, the United States, and New Zealand, due to rising consumer demand, strong prices, and climate change. The mix of policies, management and markets varies widely, but regardless of the country, the dairy goat sector thrives when producers have access to markets, and the tools and skills to sustainably manage their livestock and natural resources. These are most readily achieved through strong and inclusive producer organizations, access to technical services, and policies that enable the poor and marginalized groups to benefit from increasing demand.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2021

This paper explores the relationship between price mechanism and flipping activity of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Pakistan's emerging economy. This study uses a cross-sectional data set of 95 firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2019. This study employs the ordinary least square and quantile regression techniques to capture the relationship between price mechanism and flipping activity. The results show that book-built IPOs flip substantially less than fixed-price IPOs. This is consistent with the signaling theory assertion that roadshows are arranged by underwriters to capture investors' demand and set the offer prices of IPOs. If investors learn the fair values of quality IPOs, then the offer prices will be close to the intrinsic values, thus reducing flipping. The findings also provide conclusive evidence for understanding the usefulness of and the more relevant information regarding the pricing mechanism. In particular, it provides a better understanding of how companies actually use the pricing mechanism information in the flipping of IPO shares. The results of this study are also valuable to underwriters, and regulators, for instance, provides underwriters with the discretion to allocate the IPO shares and the SECP, in revising regulation on the disclosure of IPO pricing methods.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2021

The study aimed to realize one of the basic requirements for designing and building the integrated automated system for scientific research at Northern Border University, which includes the establishment of an automated interconnected system to manage all academic and financial operations of scientific research. From receiving the budget of the funded research courses, then the regular financial regulation of all the research team's rewards, the cost of publishing, translation and equipment, then receiving the research plans and linking them financially, preparing the total and detailed financial value for all stages, then financial disbursement operations, financial closure of research when published, and preparing financial reports The research team used the analytical approach to build the main and subsidiary requirements for designing the financial system, and the study concluded that all the elements required for the stages of financial management for scientific research at Northern Border University can be met based on sufficient by sequencing these processes and how they are sequenced as e It is designed in the research study.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.264-268
• /
• 2021

In the context of globalization of information processes, the prevalence of information wars and terrorism, there are new threats to national interests in the information sphere, which actualizes providing the information sovereignty of modern states. Therefore, the purpose of the article is an in-depth analysis of the features and content of information sovereignty as a component of state sovereignty, its relationship with freedom of information and information security, as well as a characterization of the bases and directions of providing information sovereignty. The information sovereignty of the modern state includes its activities to determine national interests in the information sphere, the formation and implementation of information policy, providing information security, regulation and control of information processes. The realization of information sovereignty should be based on real freedom of information, information privacy and the state obligation to provide them. Ensuring information sovereignty also requires solving the problems of formation of modern information legislation, which would comprehensively establish the bases and directions of providing information sovereignty, exceptional cases of restriction of freedom of information.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.39-53
• /
• 2022

This study conducted a conformity review of Korean shipping industry policy and suggested that the Korean five-year shipping reconstruction policy has not violated the WTO (World Trade Organization) trade law agreement yet. In order to investigate the latest Korean shipping policy, domestic and foreign reports were reviewed, and after that, the WTO's published data and domestic and foreign journals were analyzed. Through this process, this study tried to review the conformity of trade laws by major Korean shipping policies. The shipping industry is a representative service industry, and subsidies for this are not subject to WTO-level regulation in principle. The purpose of Korean shipping industry policy is to support the shipping industry, a type of service industry, and even if the ship-building and manufacturing industries (shipper) indirectly spread benefits in the process, this is unintentional or private-level support. That is, this study concluded that It is understood that Korea's five-year shipping reconstruction policy does not violate the WTO trade law agreement.