• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.139-160
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• 2021

The verandah was a common feature of Chinese multi-storeyed houses in Southeast Asia and China. This paper argues that while an earlier version of a narrow walkway might have had its origin in Singapore, the building of an extension on the upper floors encroaching the airspace over the road skirting the building was an arrangement allowed by the colonial Hong Kong government in compensation to landlords for space devoted to ventilation. As the introduction of reinforced concrete allowed buildings to become taller, the more attractive it was to developers to incorporate the verandah design.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.461-497
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• 2008

The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Call System of agricultural extension services in Korea. The respondents were satisfied on the speedy solution (74.5%), consultation (88.4%), and accessibility (79.7%) of the call system. However, satisfaction of farmers on in-depth consultation was higher (74.3%) than the satisfaction rated by the public servants of RDA (48.9%). Both groups replied positively (70.4%) on the need for expansion of the call system. The analyses of the results leads to a conclusion that there is a need to increase marketing on the importance of RDA's Call System to customers of agricultural extension and to improve accessibility through expansion of the system in other areas. These could solve the decreasing number of extension professionals and improve the quality and efficiency of extension services. These analyses may be useful as bases for a nationwide Call System that connects the center with other districts and for planning a renovation of information-oriented agricultural extension services. The issue that needs improvement is to abandon the grounds of agricultural technology information provider and respond to the customers' needs efficiently by building an established Call System which can minimize the side effect of the trends of reforming and downsizing the organization. It is needed to develop a unified management Call System of agricultural technology information that could provide real-time information, and database the results simultaneously for use as feedback to the Rural Development Programs. Related laws and policies need to be improved to establish a nationwide information network that maximizes the current network in agricultural regions to spread information, to provide institutional support, and to encourage development of training system and research and development by concerned institutes.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.527-548
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to suggest the developmental tasks for the successful fostering the Farmer's Study Group which have been guided by the agricultural extension work since 1994 in Korea. The 3,278 farmers study groups with 148,420 memberships have been organized in field of grains, cash crop, horticulture, livestock, improving living conditions, food processing and so on. Although the number of study groups have rapidly expanded, there also are tasks to be secured for their successful development in terms of (a) desirable phase of the study groups and goals of its fostering, (b) managements / administration of them, (c) long-term tasks to be reviewed. With regard to the desirable phase of the study groups and goals of its fostering, they should secure differential mission and the way of works compare to the other farmer's groups. Also, there should be consensus on the proper number of study groups to be fostered with a agricultural technical center at local level. With regard to the managements / administration of the study groups, there should be the different support, assistance and guidance according to the developmental level of the groups. For these, there should be evaluation works on the groups, and guidance manuals for the extension workers. Also extension works should facilitate the establishment of networks among groups over the counties. Finally, to establish the nationwide association in hierarchy and to make the cooperative works with similar farmer's group, doing the value-added activities rather than mere information exchange, and the introduction of capacity building programs for the extension workers are long-term tasks needed to review for the successful fostering study groups.

• Architectural research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

Building restoration is a complex process with a high level of uncertainty. Restoration professionals can significantly benefit from the well-established discipline of project management to achieve their targets; however, available evidence shows that the use of the project management body of knowledge in restoration projects is far from the desired level. Several historical organisations have since been established with the goal of preserving and governing cultural identity, and numerous studies have supported the need of preserving architectural heritage. Many owners, investors, academics, and developers believe that it would be considerably more expensive to renovate and restore an old building than to create a new one. Although the project management process is generally recognised, the concept of project management for architectural heritage projects differs due to the uniqueness of each project. It differs from many construction projects in terms of the need for research-based practices to define scope, planning, scheduling, supervision,decision-making,and also performance. The Greco-Roman Museum in Alexandria's planning, design, and building phases are being studied with the aim of identifying and analysing the variables that contribute to project delays. Three project management pillars were established as a result of gathering this data from the project's stakeholders: the first pillar addresses time management for the existing phase and how it will be incorporated into the new extension phase; the second pillar addresses performance in relation to project management issues in the delivery of the best quality of a construction project; and the third pillar addresses the scope of the new extension because it will significantly impact the other two pillars. This paper argues that a contemporary perspective which utilizes project management tools and techniques can contribute to the conservation of architectural heritage in line with the conservation principles.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

As entering the information age of the 21st century, Korea is actively processing many digitalizing businesses related to information source of the Korean academic science at the government level based on the Korean advanced digital technologies, which makes them more evolved through the internet networks in Korea. The definition of 'Newly found ideographs(新出漢字)' are made by researching and extracting from the old Chinese documents through the digitalizing process and they are not registered yet among the block of Unicode & extended Chinese characters those are existent international standard. Presently Korea is in the middle of brisk developing computerized old documents in the huge scale. Meanwhile, the international standard of Chinese characters in mostly Asian countries where using them is processing and developing by IRG. Therefore, Korean processing works is very important which are included extracting precisely 'Newly found ideographs' founded from building its database, organizing as an international standard code, submitting the International organization and finally registering as the best standard code.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2003

This paper is a series of study for the development of rural elementary school facilities model applying to the regional characteristics. Therefore, main theme of this paper is to pile up and analysis of elementary school facilities data in Po Cheon through a series of actual survey and interview with teachers. The results are summarized as follows ; First of all, in case of Po Cheon, it needs to study for urban model type as well as rural elementary school facilities model type. Second, extension type of buildings has separated as three types-zigzag extension type, vertical & horizontal extension type, separate building type. But another characteristics, such as type of site plan, type of corridor and module of classroom unit, outdoor space and elevation design, are monotonous. Third. the results of this analysis show that it is desirable to locate houses for teachers within boundaries. Finally, the future paper needs to be studying more various module of classroom unit, extension type, space program, type of floor plan and site plan.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze about the extension of user experience in the digital space. Through the digital technology and virtual space, the city's new environment is being changed. it makes people activate their aesthetic experience. Simultaneously, it elevates satisfaction levels regarding people's aesthetic experience. Research methods and settings of the range to study on the Extension of User Experience are as follows: First, establish digital space's characteristics comparing digital space at the structural change-points in modern society. Second, experience's approch way through the digital media in the contemporary space. And understand the concept about a variety of User Experience. Third. to classify the elements of access control for the user experience. Experience is being expanded through the generation process. Fourth, investigate analysis of the case studies, focused on the architecture and space design_Media installations that appear in the city park, the city's landmark buildings facade, the building facade by offering commercially applied for brand marketing_ announced through the media recently. Also, it is to look at the physical elements through digital media and to analyze the applicability of the public space. Therefore, the new approach to digital implementation shall be determined by looking in the direction of the user approaches.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.333-346
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• 1997

AP Modularization $\circledcirc$ PDES $\circledcirc$ Modular extension to AP203: plug ＆ play schema subsets $\circledcirc$ AM (appl. module) is an interpreted model $\circledcirc$ Similar to AIC $\circledcirc$ Use Express-X instead of mapping table $\circledcirc$ Building Blocks $\circledcirc$ Physical analogy: Sub-assembly(omitted)

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.96.1-96
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• 2002

$\textbullet$ Abstract $\textbullet$ Introduction $\textbullet$ Building a Model for Diagnosis $\textbullet$ Modular Approach to Diagnosis $\textbullet$ Extension to a General Case $\textbullet$ Conclusion $\textbullet$ References

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.839-869
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• 2013

Since opening the domestic food markets after late 1980s, Korean agro-food sector has been changed a lot, including commercialization of livestock and horticulture sectors. The large-scale periodic transactions appeared in food retail market in 1990's demand further commercialization of farm sectors. It require comprehensive on-farm knowledges including production, food processing, marketing, and management for agricultural sector. As the result, The Farming Systems Research & Extension concept has been introduced in 1992 as a form of The Regional Specialization Experiment Station. The Science and Technology Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Foods are established in 2009. However, we still find gaps between on-farm knowledge demands and supply, requiring further refining of R&D systems. It also asks to differentiate applied research from basic disciplinary research, better linkages between research and extension on farm, and comprehensive knowledge transfer systems. This study recommends for proper role allocation and cooperative structures for regional research and extension institutions to reduce overlaps among them. It further asks government to support regional research and extension systems including human resource and infrastructure building, to strengthen commodity based on-farm research and extension, and to separate budget allocation for regional research and extension. Provincial administration of the county level extension offices should also be considered for better linkage between research and extension at regional level.