• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.443-462
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• 2015

Some model building codes stipulate that the design displacement of a building can be computed using the elastic static analysis results multiplied by the deflection amplification factor, $C_d$. This approach for estimating the design displacement is essential and appealing in structural engineering practice when nonlinear response history analysis (NRHA) is not required. Furthermore, building codes stipulate the consideration of accidental torsion effects using accidental eccentricity, whether the buildings are symmetric-plan, or asymmetric-plan. In some model building codes, the accidental eccentricity is further amplified by the torsional amplification factor $A_x$ in order to minimize the discrepancy between statically and dynamically estimated responses. Therefore, this warrants exploration of the reliability of statically estimated design displacements in accordance with the building code requirements. This study uses the discrepancy curves as a way of assessing the reliability of the design displacement estimates resulting from the factors $C_d$ and $A_x$. The discrepancy curves show the exceedance probabilities of the differences between the statically estimated design displacements and NRHA results. The discrepancy curves of 3-story, 9-story, and 20-story example buildings are investigated in this study. The example buildings are steel special moment frames with frequency ratios equal to 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6, as well as existing eccentricity ratios ranging from 0% to 30%.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.133-160
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• 2016

Hurricanes are among the most costly natural hazards to impact buildings in coastal regions. Building roofs are designed using the wind load provisions of building codes and standards and, in the case of large buildings, wind tunnel tests. Wind permeable roof claddings like roof pavers are not well dealt with in many existing building codes and standards. The objective of this paper is to develop simple guidance in code format for design of loose-laid roof pavers. Large-scale experiments were performed to investigate the wind loading on concrete roof pavers on the flat roof of a low-rise building in Wall of Wind, a large-scale hurricane testing facility at Florida International University. They included wind blow-off tests and pressure measurements on the top and bottom surfaces of pavers. Based on the experimental results simplified guidelines are developed for design of loose-laid roof pavers against wind uplift. The guidelines are formatted so that use can be made of the existing information in codes and standards such as American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) 7-10 standard's pressure coefficients for components and cladding. The effects of the pavers' edge-gap to spacer height ratio and parapet height to building height ratio are included in the guidelines as adjustment factors.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

The natural period calculation equations specified in the current building code are empirical formulas that depend on height and material type of the structure. Building with the upper wall and lower frame type is a unique structure which composed of two different structural system This type of structure needs either the deep transfer girder or the thick transfer plate that brings the sudden change of stiffness and mass. Therefore the natural period equations recommended by the current code can not be applied directly. In this study the natural period of building with typical plan obtained by dynamci analysis is compared with that of various codes. Ad approximate estimation equation for the natural period of building with the upper wall and lower frame type obtained by regression analysis is recommended. by the current code can not be applied directly. In this study the natural period of building with typical plan obtained by dynamic analysis is compared with that of various codes, And approximate estimation equation for the natural period of building with the upper wall and lower frame type obtained by regression analysis is recommended.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.18-20
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• 2000

At 1:47 a.m, local time on September 21, 1999, a strong earthquake measured 7.3 on the Richter scale struck central Taiwan evoking another two earthquakes a few seconds late to wake up unprepared people of this small island. It caused 2,465 people killed 11,305 injured about 10,000 buildings collapsed and around 41,000 severely damaged, The major concerns after the earthquake are how to have learned from this natural disaster and how to rebuild earthquake-proof buildings without rendering up safety within reasonable costs. Inevitable actions for redrafting the building codes have been taken to re-strengthen the existing and new structures. Structural analysis tools and computer programs adopted by most practicing engineers have been re-examined to take into account the effects of the vertical component of ground shakings on structural responses. Most private structures were repaired by traditional methods without considering upgrading seismic resistibility because of economical reasons. Buildings open to the public are under consideration possibly enforced by making regulations to be upgraded to satisfy revised building codes. In addition new rehabilitation technologies such as structural control have been moving much faster than before and have become accepted by the public due to frequent reports by media and specialists. Building codes related to base isolators and energy absorption systems are still under legislation and expected to be published soon. Most of the new structures under construction designed by the building codes promulgated before the earthquake have been reconsidered to comply with the new codes even though it is not compulsory. Efforts have been made by the government engineering and research communities and universities in an attempt to reduce structural damage for future earthquakes and to construct if possible Taiwan as an earthquake-proof island.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

Fire was and remains a great threat to historic buildings of wood. This threat is omnipresent and often results to irreparable property losses especially cultural heritages. Fire of historic buildings continues to increase every year. The purpose of this study is to preserve a life safety, historical heritage and architectural & cultural values by pursuing for fire safety in the historical buildings. This study shall employ two research methods: a literature review and field survey methods. The literature review shall focus on the observations of characteristics noted in fire codes. The field survey shall cover a heat analysis and fire protection equipment. A method is proposed to investigate fire codes related historical building, reported fire history Fire Codes and Regulations for modern buildings are not always applicable on the historic buildings. Old buildings, and some new buildings with architectural, historical or cultural importance may have values which cannot be measured on a monetary scale. Their protection against the damage caused by fire is considered to be one of the basic moral duties of society. It is strongly recommended, therefore, legislation for fire safety in historical buildings must be extended to a complementary relationship with 'active' fire protection measures, to provide safety in real historical building in real fire situations. The development and application of performance based Codes and the Fire Safety Engineering approach seems to be a rather reasonable and effective way to deal with this historical buildings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Significant structural damages due to earthquakes reveal the importance of seismic design provisions. This paper presents a comparison between the seismic design provisions of Albania, Croatia, Iran, and Turkey for the design of mid-rise reinforced-concrete (RC) frames. Information on the historical development of the considered provisions are given. The code provisions are compared, illustrating the main differences in the minimum requirements for column and beam detailing and analysis for mid-rise RC frames. 4-story, 5-story, and 6-story buildings are designed according to each design code, and their performance is evaluated comparatively by using a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure and eigenvalue analysis. It is observed that recent Turkish code has the highest and Albanian code has the lowest level of requirements in terms of member size and reinforcement detailing. The considered models indicate 15%, 20% and 50%, lower period values than the Croatia, Iran and Albania buildings, respectively. Additionally, building models per Croatia, Iran and Albania codes have 30%, 35% and 65% less base shear capacity when compared to Turkish building codes. Building models per Croatia and Iran codes indicate similar properties both in terms of strength and stiffness.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

최근 BIM이 건설 산업 전반에 도입이 되면서 활발히 적용되고 있다. 특히, 최근 BIM의 정보공유 활성화에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 이는 앞으로 BIM이 나가야할 방향이며, 분명히 실현되어야 하는 부분이라 판단된다. 현재 시공단계에서 BIM의 활용 연구는 설계의 시공간섭 검토와 물량산출을 기반으로 하는 견적부분에서 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직 건축법규 검토에 대해서는 상대적으로 관심이 적다. BIM이 활성화됨에 따라 건축법규 검토 방법도 BIM의 정보를 이용하여 자동 검토되는 시스템이 갖추어져야 할 것이며, 해외의 경우, 이미 다양한 모델링 검토 소프트웨어를 이용해 연구개발하고 있다. 따라서 국내에서도 건축법규의 자동 검토를 위한 연구가 필요한 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 건축법규 자동 검토 시스템 개발을 위한 기초적인 연구이다. BIM의 정보를 이용해 건축물 분야별 정보의 특성을 분석하였다. 분석된 특성을 토대로 관련 프로그램이나 검토체계를 구축하기 위한 분류체계 검토를 통하여 법규자동 검토를 위한 프로세스를 제안하고자 한다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.925-942
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• 2016

With ongoing development of earthquake engineering research and the lessons learnt from a series of strong earthquakes, the seismic design concept of "resilience" has received much attention. Resilience describes the capability of a structure or a city to recover rapidly after earthquakes or other disasters. As one of the main features of urban constructions, tall buildings have greater impact on the sustainability and resilience of major cities. Therefore, it is important and timely to quantify their seismic resilience. In this work, a quantitative comparison of the seismic resilience of two tall buildings designed according to the Chinese and US seismic design codes was conducted. The prototype building, originally designed according to the US code as part of the Tall Building Initiative (TBI) Project, was redesigned in this work according to the Chinese codes under the same design conditions. Two refined nonlinear finite element (FE) models were established for both cases and their seismic responses were evaluated at different earthquake intensities, including the service level earthquake (SLE), the design-based earthquake (DBE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). In addition, the collapse fragility functions of these two building models were established through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Based on the numerical results, the seismic resilience of both models was quantified and compared using the new-generation seismic performance assessment method proposed by FEMA P-58. The outcomes of this study indicate that the seismic resilience of the building according to the Chinese design is slightly better than that according to the US design. The conclusions drawn from this research are expected to guide further in-depth studies on improving the seismic resilience of tall buildings.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.151-152
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• 2012

Recently, there are growing interests in building LCCO₂ Assessment to reduce carbon emissions. However, existing methods of assessment system include inefficiency in the process of CO₂ calculation requiring considerable data input. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an efficient building assessment system appropriate to material production in construction stage. To that end, quantity input technology was limited to data mapping. Also quantity calculation based on work breakdown structure and item codes consisted of hierarchical structure that is based on facet classification were analyzed. As a result, connectivity links of quantity calculation and CO₂ functional units through item codes for data mapping, and assessment system including calculation and database parts were developed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.75-76
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• 2022

In Korea, the occurrence and risk of similar fires are high, so setting up fire prevention measures through fire case investigation is considered the most basic measure in securing human safety. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to research status and related regulations of Life Safety Codes for High Fire Risk Building Applications In the future, using this as basic data, it is considered that additional research is need to development Human Safety Standards in Korea.