• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 1987

The heat budget of the south eastern region (33$^{\circ}$N-36$^{\circ}$N, 120$^{\circ}$E-125$^{\circ}$E) of the Yellow Sea was calculated by using the meteorological and oceanographical data. The sensibly heat, the evaporation heat and the long wave back radiation have annual variation and increases toward south with strong gradient along the Cheju channel in winter, but they all show tendency to decrease toward eastern coastal area in summer. The area is roughly divided into three parts, the central part, the coastal part and the southern part, according to the characteristics ovariation and distribution patterns of the exchanged heats. The amplitude of the annual variation of total heat exchange in the southern part is very large compare to those of the central and coastal part. The studied area is appeared to be heated mainly by the evaporation heat and the sensoble heat, based on the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.558-565
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• 2015

The current methods, such as Binomial Probability Distribution or T-test, to calculate the number of samples of Precise Guided Missiles(PGMs) for test and evaluation are statistically problematic to make reasonable decisions thus use the budget efficiently. Also, the method to verify an accuracy rate of the PGMs using these old methods seems to be lack of objectiveness. This paper presents an effective, efficient solution adapted from the clinical medicine testing method of healthcare industry research, which may overcome our problems. This method considers and addresses both manufacturers' and consumers' risk simultaneously. By taking into account the weapon system project characteristics which take a relatively longer time and require higher-level budget, this approach also suggests a reasonable and feasible method to determine the amount of samples of the PGMs and making a criterion to verify an accuracy rate of the missiles that are required to test. Thus, this method is expected to contribute to acquisition and operations of high-reliability PGMs by MND and its field-users.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.129-137
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• 2019

Tax can be categorised into direct tax and indirect tax. This paper uses the ordinary least-squares regression method to study the impact of direct and indirect tax on economic growth in Vietnam in the period 2003-2017. Statistical data is collected from the Ministry of Finance of Vietnam. Theoretically, tax generates the state budget revenue and is a tool to regulate the economy. The results of statistical tests show that tax has a positive impact on Vietnam's economic growth. However, the effects of direct tax and indirect tax are different. The indirect tax has a positive influence and promote Vietnam's economic growth, while the impact of the direct tax is invisible. There has not been sufficient evidence to confirm that the indirect tax has a more positive impact than the direct tax. To promote economic growth, Vietnam needs to restructure its tax system towards: (1) Increasing the proportion of indirect tax, reducing the proportion of direct tax in the state budget revenue; (2) Expanding tax bases; (3) Reducing tax rates of corporate income tax and personal income tax; (4) Increasing tax rates of environmental protection tax, natural resources tax, value added tax and excise tax on some types of goods which harm health and environment.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic and non-macroeconomic determinants of capital flight. Research design, data and methodology: With five determinants, this survey was conducted by Eviews 10, and the ordinary least squares (OLS) as a statistical method was applied for examining the research hypothesis. The five determinants are a budget deficit, economic growth, inflation rate, the exchange rate, and sovereign rating. The capital flight measurement uses the World Bank residual approach. The data derive from the Central Bank of Indonesia, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, OECD, and Moody's Investor Service. Results: The result considers that economic growth, the exchange rate, and the sovereign rating will decrease capital flight. In addition, the budget deficit and the inflation rate will increase capital flight. The sovereign rating decreases capital flight bigger than the other determinants. In addition, the exchange rate is statistically significant. Conclusions: The most influential problem of capital flight in Indonesia is because of non-macroeconomics factor political issue, corruption, bad regulation, and others. That's why the investment climate in Indonesia is still not secure. We propose that the regime would have to amend the business rule for reducing capital, raising the investment climate, and demonstrating the creative industry.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.649-672
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• 2012

The government established Special Accounts for Balanced National Development in 2005, and the Metropolitan Council has enacted and executed ordinance relevant to special accounts to relieve regional unbalanced growth and to promote regional balanced growth. This study derived a political implication through the comparison analysis of the background of establishment and its purpose, the selection criteria of support target, finance scale and tax revenue finance, appropriation target and finance distribution, etc. on the basis of Chungcheongnam-do Special Accounts for Balanced Development and Jeollabuk-do Eastern part Special Accounts among the special accounts implemented in metropolitan council. The major conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the transition from the concept of balanced development to specialized development is necessary for the development of distressed region. Second, the pure wastefulness ratio of the local government's tax revenue finance of special accounts designed concentrating upon special accounts for Wide-area Autonomous Communities development should be gradually expanded. Third, Special Accounting budget should be supported to promote specialized development through the selection and concentration centering around comparatively advantageous resource within the region. Fourth, the strategic special accounts budget application system of cities and counties to utilize the projects of the government and the province to achieve the goal of cities and counties should be prepared.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

A CCTV inspection method has been widely used to assess sewer condition and performance, but Korea lacks a proper decision support system for prioritizing sewer repair and rehabilitation (R&R). The objective of this paper is to introduce the results that we have developed in the Sewer Condition Assessment and Rehabilitation Decision-making (SCARD) Program using MS-EXCEL. The SCARD-Program is based on a standardized defect score for sewer structural and hydraulic assessment. Priorities are ranked based on risk scores, which are calculated by multiplying the sewer severity scores by the environmental impacts. This program is composed of three parts, which are decision-making for sewer condition and performance assessment, decision-making for sewer R&R priority assessment, and decision-making for optimal budget allocation. The SCARD-Program is useful for decision-makers, as it enables them to assess the sewer condition and to prioritize sewer R&R within the limited annual budget. In the future, this program logic will applied to the GIS-based sewer asset management system in local governments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.705-714
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the main factors that affected the government health expenditures in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait), during the period from 2005 to 2019. The study employs a panel data technique in order to monitor the pooled determinant variables of healthcare expenditures in these countries. The study's results indicate, by using FMOLS approach for panel data, that the average healthcare expenditures per capita in GCC countries have a positive and a significant relationship with the government revenues, the size of the population, and the governments' public debt. The positive and the significant relationships of governments' public debt may be explained even if the governments of the GCC countries suffer from a budget deficit; the GCC countries continue to increase the healthcare expenditure. The study suggests that the policymakers of the GCC countries must take into consideration those variables when they develop their healthcare policies. Also, the GCC countries urgently need to have high levels of foreign exchange reserves to maintain the expected level of spending on the healthcare sector, because their public revenues depend mainly on the oil revenues, which are fluctuating continuously.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.567-579
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• 2016

Several energy saving techniques in cellular wireless networks such as active base station (BS) selection, transmit power budget adaptation and user association have been studied independently or only part of these aspects have been considered together in literature. In this paper, we jointly tackle these three problems and propose an integrated framework, called dynamic cell reconfiguration (DCR). It manages three techniques operating on different time scales for ultimate energy conservation while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) level of users. Extensive simulations under various configurations, including the real dataset of BS topology and utilization, demonstrate that the proposed DCR can achieve the performance close to an optimal exhaustive search. Compared to the conventional static scheme where all BSs are always turned on with their maximum transmit powers, DCR can significantly reduce energy consumption, e.g., more than 30% and 50% savings in uniform and non-uniform traffic distribution, respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.11
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• pp.1511-1519
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• 2013

This paper proposes the allocation method for capacitor-reactor banks in a distribution system with dispersed generators to reduce the installation costs, the maintenance costs and minimize the loss of electrical energy. The expected lifetime and maintenance period of devices with moving parts depends on the total number of operations, which affects the replacement and maintenance period for aging equipment under a limited budget. In this paper, the expected device lifetimes and the maintenance period are included in the formulation, and the optimal operation status of the devices is determined using a genetic algorithm. The optimal numbers and locations for capacitor-reactor banks are determined based on the optimal operation status. Simulation results in a 69-bus distribution system with the dispersed generator show that the proposed technique performs better than conventional methods.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.110-113
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• 2016

In this paper of ka band satellite communication using geostationary satellite is very weak to rainfall. So the rain attenuation reflect the values calculated using the satellite communication links vulnerable when designing a more reliable rainfall area distribution of rain attenuation and accurate predictive models must analyze the link budget. In this paper, by utilizing domestic distribution analysis in the recent local rainfall Crane and regional rainfall in the model and compared with the country of the regional distribution of rainfall in your area to fit the rain attenuation in Ka band frequency characteristics Crane rain attenuation prediction models were analyzed to between geostationary satellites and ground station position, distance and year time percentage(%).