• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.783-790
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• 2001

Until now, the difficulties in embedding e-Business for traditional small enterprises are the short of capable person, the deficit of information budget, the lack of the information mind. However the techniques related to internet provide a variety of alternatives which maximize the effects cutting down expenses. This paper shows the methods of constructing a rental system on internet using the softwares of LINUX to deal with not receiving reservations but also managing the business. The constructing this system have great effects in many parts of the business, like 37％ rising in selling.

• Architectural research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2022

The public rental housing policy aims to provide the housing to the vulnerable class who do not have enough credit to own houses. The Korean government introduced new policies for housing supply to improve the availability of new houses. However, it is difficult to expand the supply because of the accumulated deficit of public rental housing. In this study, the economic feasibility of long-term public rental housing reconstruction projects was examined to ensure the economic and sustainable growth of public rental housing. The research found that the compensation for the accumulated deficit is needed. Also the research analyzed and identified the factors affecting the economic feasibility of reconstruction projects. The significant factors identified in this research are: the supply price of pre-sale/rental housing in the reconstruction project, total cost of the reconstruction project, and total floor area of the reconstruction project. According to the analysis results, it is necessary to increase the rent of existing long-term public rental housing, expand the government subsidy, increase the supply price of pre-sale/rental housing, and reduce the total project cost. However, there are limitations. For example, the fluctuations of construction market, residents' burden of housing costs, and the limit of the budget of the public housing authority. The increasing total Floor Area Ratio(FAR) limitation of the reconstruction project would be the realistic solution to the problem because it gives incentives to the reconstruction project.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.667-681
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• 2004

This research is aimed to investigate the relationship of the effective wind velocity and the morphological change in coastal dune at Sindu-ri in Korea. Sediment flux was estimated by the measurement of elevation change along eight transects deployed in the study area from July 1999 to July 2000. The results of this study indicated that. first. based on the occurrence of morphological change and winds effective for sand movement. two distinct seasons were identified: a season of deposition and that of erosion. During the depositional season, spanning from November to April, effective winds were dominant and sand accumulation occurred mainly in foredunes and sequentially in dune plains. During the erosional season, from May through October, volume change was small and erosion or sand loss occurred mostly at the dunefoot of foredunes. Secondly, the research revealed that the sediment budget of Sindu coastal dune turned out to be surplus on the whole, but there are some regional differences. Deficit budgets were observed partly in secondary dunes. The utmost northern part of Sindu coastal dune was provided with abundant sand, whereas the central and northern parts were poorly supplied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2016

지난 135년(1880~2014년) 동안 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 지구의 평균 기온은 $0.85^{\circ}C$ 상승하였으며, 이는 수문현상에 영향을 미쳐 강우량 및 강우강도가 증가하는 경향성을 보이고 있다. 이처럼 기후변화로 말미암아 수문 현상의 변화에 따른 불확실성이 커져 물 순환 과정의 정확한 파악이 더욱 어려워지고 있다. 따라서 미래 안정적인 물 공급을 위한 수자원계획 수립 및 관리를 위해 기후변화를 고려한 물 수요 예측이 필요하다고 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 도시화에 따라 물수요가 변화하고 있는 안성천을 대상유역으로 선정하여 기후변화를 고려한 미래 물 부족량을 산정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 기후변화 RCP 8.5 시나리오를 이용하여 미래 강수량을 모의하였고, 준 분포 강우-유출 모형인 SLURP 모형을 이용하여 미래 유출량을 분석하였다. 미래 유출량을 토대로 정확한 물 수요 예측을 위해 통합수자원평가계획 모형인 K-WEAP 모형을 이용하여 소유역별 물수지 분석을 위한 네트워크 및 시나리오를 구성하였다. 또한 용수이용량(생활, 공업, 농업용수)의 과거자료를 활용한 선형예측함수식을 통해 장래 물 수요 추정량을 산정하였다. 물 수지 분석 결과, 안성천 유역은 인구 증가, 급격한 도시화로 인해 용수 이용량이 증가하고 있었으나 농업용수는 점차적으로 감소하고 있었다. 따라서 생활 및 공업 용수에 대한 수요를 충족하지 못해 미래 물 부족량이 증가하고 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 본 연구에서는 물부족 해소를 위한 방안으로 광역상수도 확충과 제한급수를 제시하여 분석을 수행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

The importance of securing water resources and their efficient management has attracted more attention recently due to water deficit. In water budget analysis, however, evapotranspiration(${\lambda}E$) has been approximated as the residual in the water balance equation or estimated from empirical equations and assumptions. To minimize the uncertainties in these estimates, it is necessary to directly measure ${\lambda}E$. In this study, using the eddy covariance technique, we have measured ${\lambda}E$ in a mixed forest in the Seolmacheon catchment in Korea from September 2007 to December 2008. During the growing season(May-July), ${\lambda}E$ in this mixed forest averaged about $2.2\;mm\;d^{-1}$, whereas it was on average $0.5\;mm\;d^{-1}$ during the non-growing season in winter. The annual total ${\lambda}E$ in 2008 was $581\;mm\;y^{-1}$, which is about 1/3 of the annual precipitation of 1997 mm. Despite the differences in the amount and frequency of precipitation, the accumulated ${\lambda}E$ during the overlapping period(i.e., September to December) for 2007 and 2008 was both ${\sim}110$ mm, showing virtually no difference. The omega factor, which is a measure of decoupling between forest and the atmosphere, was on average 0.5, indicating that the contributions of equilibrium ${\lambda}E$ and imposed ${\lambda}E$ to the total ${\lambda}E$ were about the same. The results suggest that ${\lambda}E$ in this mixed forest was controlled by various factors such as net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and canopy conductance. In this study, based on the direct measurements of ${\lambda}E$, we have quantified the relative contribution of ${\lambda}E$ in the water balance of a mixed forest in the Seolmacheon catchment. In combination with runoff data, the information on ${\lambda}E$ would greatly enhance the reliability of water budget analysis in this catchment.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to get answers to following research questions: Who are the busy people in such a speedy society like Korea? How the daily schedules of busy people might look like? What is the priority of activity that appear in their schedules?, And what is the gender difference? The sample of study came form the 2004 Korean Time Diary Data which have been collected by Korean National Statistical Office. The sample consisted of 11,976 married men and women, whose age range from 25-54 (women 49.7% of the sample). Dependent variable was time pressure measured in one item question with 4-likert scale. Socio-demographic factors and the amount of time in work/family role and other relevant activities were considered as well as gender. The results of the study showed us that men perceived more time deficit compared to women. Especially, employed men were the most time poor group, followed by employed women, unemployed women and unemployed men. The results showed that, even though there were similarities in the impact of relevant factors, men's time pressure were tightly linked with their work role and social status, while women's time pressure were responsive to both their role as a mother and as a worker. Nowadays, Korean fathers appear to face new expectation that they need to be involved in family just like mothers do. However, men and women still seems to traverse through different time path, which may create both burden and conflict to either party. Policy implication and detailed suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.785-790
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• 2010

The paper aims to estimate the external effects of mountaineering on medical expenses within national economy. Though there is no difference in the participation ratio of mountaineering among sexes or income levels, the ratio of the elderly is higher than that of younger. The medical expenses have negative correlation with mountain climbing times and climbing frequencies, but this correlation is insignificant statistically. Without mountaineering, the medical expenses of Korea would increase by 2.8 trillion Won (4.6%). Therefore the policy to support usual mountaineering must save the medical expenses more than other policies. and the increase of public expenditure on mountaineering can decrease the deficit of government budget through the positive external effects on national medical expenses.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 2010

Canada is a democratic country, yet it keeps a social democratic system in which the government is in charge of welfare of its people. And this is one of the most significant features about the country. Her public and private pension system has been effective since the 1920s, securing its people's fundamental income. In particular, the public medical system applies to its every citizen and performs its role. This system is called the National Medical System as well as "MEDICARE" named after its related law. However, there has been a significant change in the national medical and welfare policy due to the budget deficit. In other words, the policy was mainly implemented to welfare facilities in the past, but the policy changed to a welfare policy for the elderly with a concentration on the support for self-reliance of senior citizens since the reform. The purpose of this study is to provide data and implications for Korea through the analysis of the current situation and distinct features of the housing welfare system in Canada. This study has researched the literature on the subject with an analytic focus on three aspects that are the fundamental frame of the system, essential content (support for self-reliance and facility composition), and distinct features of the housing for the elderly. In other words, they are, first, how the fundamental frame of the housing welfare system for the elderly is composed; second, how the service for self-reliance welfare and facility service are composed; and third, what their scale and distinct spatial features of general houses for the elderly with self-reliance are. A comparative study was conducted in detail on courses and characteristics of the housing welfare system for senior citizens in Canada and the USA of North America. In particular, it reveals the scale and distinct spatial features of public houses for the elderly with self-reliance in British Columbia (BC) which is one of the main provinces of Canada.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2003

Korea has plentiful precipitation but rainfall events concentrate on several months of rainy season in her weather condition. Korea, therefore, experiences drought for a given period every year. Moreover the soil has usually low water holding capacity, as it is composed coarse particles originated from the granite. Response of several oaks and the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) on water stress showed that water budget was significant factor determining vegetation distribution. In addition, dehydration level due to cold resistance mechanism of several evergreen plants during the winter season was closely related to their distribution in natural condition. Experimental result under water stress showed that the Korean red pine was very tolerant to desiccation but the seedlings showed high mortality during the dry season. The mortality tended to proportionate to soil moisture content of each site. A comparison between soil moisture content during June when it is severe dry season and moisture content of the culture soil when the pine seedlings reached the permanent wilting point due to water withheld proved that high mortality during the dry season was due to water deficit. Water potential of sample plants measured during the exposure experiment to the air pollutant showed a probability that water related factors would dominate the occurrence of visible damage and the tolerance level of sample plants. In both field survey and laboratory experiment, plants exposed to air pollution showed more rapid transpiration than those grown in the unpolluted condition. The result would due to injury of leaf surface by air pollutants. Aluminum (Al/sup 3+/) increased in the acid soil not only inhibits root growth but also leads to abnormal distribution of root system and thereby caused water stress. The water stresses due to air pollution and soil acidification showed a possibility that they play dominating roles in inducing forest decline additionally to the existing water deficit due to weather and soil conditions in Korea. Sludge, which can contribute to improve field capacity, as it is almost composed of organic matter, showed an effect ameliorating the retarded growth of plant in the acidified soil. The effect was not less than that of dolomite known in widely as such a soil ameliorator. Litter extract contributed also to mitigate the water stress due to toxic Al/sup 3+/. We prepared a model showing the potential interaction of multiple stresses, which can cause forest decline in Korea by synthesizing those results. Furthermore, we suggested restoration plans, which can mitigate such forest decline in terms of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

When the United Nation classified as Korea is the one of the water deficit country. The consensus was made that the water is the one of the precious national resources. Government increases their R/D budget trying to get more clean water bodies. For instances, 'Sustainable Water Resources Development' project is the one of major title in '21 Century Frontier Research project and there are several small research projects are undergoing by the Ministry of Agriculture and KARICO. However, when the environmental preservation issue has been get more emphasis, construction of the Surface Dam met the blockage from the environmentalists due to the problem of the their water buried area. Since the most fitting site for surface dam had been used in the past, some engineer move their focus on modification of the existing Dam's height to enlarge its capacity or dredging the bottom of the reservoir recently However dredging evoke water quality problem in return by accumulated materials at the bottom. Last year the Dong Gang Dam plan has been canceled by environmental problem in water buried area of the reservoir. With the point of this view, ground water gets more focus for the one of the useful alternative for clean water bodies. Underground dam technique which had widely applied once in the early nineteen eighties by the KARICO and attenuated due to engineering insufficiency. The technique is newly studied with the advanced engineering technique. Still groundwater usage rate in Korea is much lower comparing with the advanced countries and has many rooms to develop. Wells, under ground dam and radial collector wells are typical facilities up to now. There is little application in Korea for the Recharge Dam, which had been widely used in the advanced countries. The Recharge Dam is technique to conjunct surface water and groundwater body together, This technique had developed to increase groundwater recharge at the beginning This research is the result of the study on the possibility of the development of the new technology, Groundwater Reservoir' which was modified from Recharge Dam. Groundwater Reservoir is like a deep artificial lakes trenched in hard rock aquifer to get groundwater. The advantage of the Groundwater Reservoir is followings 1) It can be developed at the plains area, not in the deep valley 2) Huge water body can be developed without dam 3) Small buried area comparing surface water dam makes the least environmental effect. 4) Trenching cost can be substitute by the income of the selling rock debris 5) Outfit of the reservoir can be modified to match with the site prospect 6) Rock debris can be used as constructing materials 7) It can be used as groundwater recharge system when the heavy rains comes 8) The reservoir looks like scenery lake with huge clean water bodies.