• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.395-416
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• 2016

This study analyzes periodic phenomena on publication and characteristics of Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in temples located in Hwanghae Province during the Joseon Dynasty period in bibliographic approach. There are total 85 Buddhist scriptures published in Hwanghae Province, 5 scriptures among them including Yonggamsugyeong appear to be engraved on woodblock only in temples in Hwanghae Province. They, published in 64 printings during the early days of the Joseon Dynasty, occupy 75% of total Buddhist scriptures, and are analyzed to be intensively published with the support of royal family members such as Queen Munjeong in the reign of King Myeongjong. However, as the publication displayed a sharply declining tendency in the late Joseon period after the Japanese invasion, it is understood to be identical with historical fact that the people's livelihood in Hwanghae Province closed to ruin through invasions from Japan and Manchuria. In addition, the analysis on characteristics of these Buddhist scriptures by subject indicates that over 80% of them are generally sacred books and dogmas. In fact, woodblock engraving works in temples emphasize on the duty of an engraver, and many engravers are investigated that they engraved only 2 to 3 Buddhist scriptures in temples located in Hwanghae Province. Doseong and Suyeon can be regarded as remarkable itinerant monks as they were appeared to engrave Buddhist scriptures in not only Hwanghae Province and also other regions by moving from one place to another. This study is expected to be meaningful as a paper that can be used on future studies to compare Buddhist scriptures engraved on woodblock in other regions in North Korea.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2017

A very unique case is found in the architectural remains related to the north and south square-platform at the lecture hall site of Hwangnyongsa, that of Anyangsa, and the estimated lecture hall site of Beopsusa as they are not observed in the other lecture halls. The platform has been discovered at only those three Buddhist temples from Goryeo, and its case has not been found in ancient Buddhist temples of China and Japan. This study thus set out to investigate the north and south square-platform at lecture hall sites by examining in details its architectural remains at the three Buddhist temples and reviewing the Buddhist literature about the lecture halls of ancient Buddhist temples. Based on the findings, it was estimated that the architectural remains of north and south square-platform at the lecture hall sites of Buddhist temples were those of platform for Buddhist sermons or those of high chair platform. While the north square-platform involved the remains of north high chair for the Lecturer that gave lectures on the Buddhist scriptures, the south one did those of south high chair for the Reader who recited the Buddhist scriptures.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.576-587
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to classify various plants written in the Korean Buddhist scriptures and assign scientific name to them in accordance with the Hangul Tripitaca as standard scriptures, thereby establishing the foundation of the plants in Buddhist scriptures. As a natural resource, we also assessed the value of the plants written in the Buddhist scriptures that distributed from other countries. To this end, we inferred the route of introduction to Korea of the plants and investigated their function and usage. Taxonomic classification of the plants written in Buddhist scriptures identified a total of 331 taxa belonging to 107 families, 244 genera, 313 species, 1 subspecies, 16 varieties, 1 forms. Species composition of the 331 taxa of plants consisted of two taxa of pteridophyte, 15 taxa of gymnosperm, 261 taxa of dicotyledon, and 53 taxa of monocotyledon. Among them, 183 and 148 were woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. Analysis of the distribution of 331 kinds of plants that India's portion of origin of place is 8.9% which holds a low rank compared with those of Korea (10.5%), China (10.9%), and Japan (10.0%). This explains why many taxa of plants distributed from the three countries appeared in the Hangul Tripitaca. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the majority of the plants were added and replaced at some point in past while Buddhist scriptures were propagated from India to China and from China to Korea. Our analysis indicated that 119 out of the 331 taxa (36 %) were distributed from Korea.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.723-737
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• 2021

This study analyzed the composition and structure of materials with Buddhist paper scriptures excavated from architectural sites in 'Sum Tolgoi' of the 17^th century and carried out conservation treatment base on the result of the analysis. The scriptures were covered in dust and foreign sub stances, and were so crumpled that it was impossible to identify the form. The damage, loss, and discoloration have been identified. Buddhist scriptures written in Tibetan used indigo and ink sticks on paper as a result of UV-Vis analysis, and ink sticks as black character materials from scriptures written ancient Mongolian. SEM-EDS and Micro-XRF analyses revealed that the outlines were drawn with red lines using a mix of Minium (Pb₃O₄) and Cinnabar (HgS), or Cinnabar (HgS) alone, and the contents of the scriptures were written with silver paint. Silver chloride (AgCl) and Calcium (Ca) were identified in the silver paint component of the characters, while Calcium and Orpiment (As₂S₃) were identified in the yellow lines. Concerning the paper ground, Buddhist scriptures written in ancient Mongolian were characterized by herbal plant fiber and bast fiber, and those written in Tibetan, by bast fiber. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the paper for the scriptures was produced between the 15^th and 17^th centuries. Conservation treatment of the scriptures was carried out based on the experiment on the production of pre-coated paper and how to coat that to prevent the second damage due to the deformation and fragility of the excavated paper. The scriptures were preserved and mounted, and a neutral box was made to identify the contents of the scriptures recorded on both sides after the treatment. This conservation treatment is the result of a study that applied new conservation treatment materials and methods according to the principle of conservation treatment reversibility.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.241-260
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore Buddhist interpretation of Jeong Mong-joo, a Confucian scholar of the late Goryeo Dynasty. Buddhism in the latter part of the Goryeo Dynasty was no longer able to exercise the social purity of the national spirit and culture. In this situation, Neo-Confucian was gradually accepted. Thus, a change of ideology was made from Buddhism to Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo's academic world was based on the fundamental scriptures of Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo was especially well versed on the Book of Changes in the fundamental scriptures of Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo emphasized the Book of Changes as the basis of the Buddhist interpretation. Jeong Mong-joo met the doctrines through various Buddhist scriptures. He was interested in Buddhism. There were not a few meetings and social gatherings with Buddhist monks. For this reason, Jeong Mong-joo cannot ignore his connection with Buddhism. On the other hand, Jeong Mong-joo is characterized by his understanding of Buddhism and his critical consciousness as Confucianist.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 2011

The present paper is focused on Korea's inscribed heritages, digitization of the Tripitaka Koreana & miscellaneous buddhist scriptures, and public uses of the digital properties in order to describe the Digitization & Popularization of Printing Woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and Miscellaneous Buddhist Scriptures, Memory of the World. The Goryeo Daejanggyeong or the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Buddhist sculptures refer to printing woodblocks of the Tripitaka(National Treasure No.32), and repositories (National Treasure No.52) where the woodblocks are stored. The woodblocks numbers 1,514 types/81,350 blocks/162,700 pages. Haein temple has worked the digital Tripitaka project 2009-2010 and The project for 2010 will focus on DB correction and modification, improvement of homepage that was made in 2009. For this, the focus was especially put on investigating current status and development plans of the digital Tripitaka project. In popularization of the digital Tripitaka, this study examined the Korea's utilization policy and current situation of knowledge resources about culture, successful cases of digital Tripitaka projects, and popularization strategies. This research can contribute to digitization of other cultural heritages and related researches in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2006

The research which it led and it tried to observe the layout of Hwa-Um buddhist architecture by Avatamska sutra. The avatamska sutra is one of the scriptures which are important from Buddhism and Hwa-Um buddhist architecture is same channel. Sip-ji-pum that it includes the contents of avatamska sutra is most important. Hwa-um buddhist architecture can divide the major space into a three precinct. First, the gate to a Buddhist temple(A step of self interest. Second, Ru and a building for Buddhist priest(A step of Altruistic act). Third, A Buddhist sancturary(A step of Religious ascetic). From the above results, we can know that site layout of Hwa-um buddhist architecture in the Hwa-um sect relations to the dogmatic background, thought.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.103-146
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• 1994

Koryokukshinjodaechangkyochongbyollock is an epoch-making catalogue for historical study of proofing Buddhist scriptures in Korea. This bibliography was appended to the 30 volumes which was corrected in 70 Ham, 66 scriptures, and 79 cases. Comparing the differences between the first carved Tripitaka' s texts in Korea, texts made in the Sung dynasty, and the Kitan's texts, this catalogue discovered the name of scriptures, translators, volume number, the changed am order as well as omission, defaults, mistranslation of the Tripitaka made in the Sung dynasty. From Chon-ham to Young-ham, 480 sets among Kaewon-sokkyorock and 43 sets among Chongwonrock were correctly laid. Songshinyokkyong and the Sung Emperor, T'ai Tsung's statements were excluded. Even though it was possible to get these scriptures only by import from Sung, these imported scriptures had no reason to be proofed because of their new version and the author's direct selection in Sung. Shinchipchangkyon-geumeuisuhamlock has no authentic Sung's and Koryo's text books for correction. kyochongbyollock delivered the scriptures listed on Kudaechangmoklock, which gives an important clue to research transformation from the first to the second carved Tripitaka. Through the systematic study of the transformated facts beteween the first carved Tripitaka and the second one, This study would help rebulid the original Chojodaechan-gkynng which has been not yet perfectly discovered itself.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1241-1250
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• 2015

In this paper, we describe visualization pursuant of developing 37 Honored Ones within the Diamond World Mandala. “The 37 Honored Ones” are a collective term for 5 Buddhas and 32 Bodhisattvas that were built on the basis of Vajrasekhara Sutra. Also, as core values of Buddhism, they represent ideas of Esoteric Buddhism systematically and symbolically. “The 37 Honored Ones” are completed by the development of 4 Buddhas from Vairocana and their interaction with 16 Great Bodhisattvas and 16 Offering Bodhisattvas that were also developed from Vairocana. So, in this paper, we analyze and visualize the development of “37 Honored Ones.” This line of research is significant because it aims to convert narrative structure of the conventional Buddhism scriptures into various types of digital contents. Also, applications of the implemented visual digital contents can be as follows; educational service for Buddhist doctrines, development of the various Buddhist cultural contents, etc.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Nowadays we can take a physical examination during pregnancy by various and advanced technology instruments. But there were no instruments in old times, so the ancient doctors examined symptoms and pulse of a pregnant woman. Therefore it is very important to comprehend the pulse in Oriental medicine. Fetus and mother are connected with the umbilical cord, and they interact with each other. Especially, symptoms and pulse of mother change during the formation of fetus. On account of being easy to study the changes of pulse from pregnant woman, it is important to know the formation of fetus. In Western medicine, the Buddhist scriptures and Oriental medicine mentioned about the formation of fetus. Because of different viewpoints, the choice of words and formative methods are differ from field to field. Western medicine calls the formation of fetus 'development', the Buddhist scriptures call it 'Ru-tai', and oriental medicine calls it 'Yang-tai'. In spite of the different viewpoints, they have supplementary explanations to study fetus. As a result, we can understand the reasons why pregnancy pulse cannot help changing from month to month.