• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2001

In order to environmentally use wood chips manufactured from low valued forest resources by forest tendering, wood chips were used for the evaluation on chips characteristics, decomposition capability of organic wastes, and field experiment and determination of conditions for decomposer. Bioclusters manufactured by Cryptomeria japonica, commercially available wood chips in Japan, showed higher pore ratio, water reservation and water resistance, and higher cellulose content with lower hot water solubles than domestic wood chips. The useful size of wood chips for swine manure decomposition was 10 (length) ${\times}$ 5 (width) ${\times}$ 2 (thickness) mm, and cellulose contents and alkali solubles of Pinus densiflora and Populus tomentiglandulosa were similar to those of bioclusters. According to the decomposition ratio depending on wood species, it was ordered as Pinus densiflora > Pinus koraiensis > Cryptomeria japonica. The swine manure decomposition ratio depending on treatment hours by Pinus koraiensis was constant with the ratio of 15 to 16 g per hour by 1 kg of chip, indicating of daily swine decomposition amount of 390 kg by 1 ton of chips which was equal to the amount of daily swine manure production by 70 swines. Analyzing by long term used wood chips during 40 days treatment, the treated wood chips characteristically showed stable total nitrogen content, suitable pH, high accumulation of inorganic contents such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium, and no odor. During winter, the inner temperature of decomposer was kept at $43^{\circ}C$, but air bubble was occurred due to high pH and viscosity of swine manure. The most appropriate mixing ratio between wood chips and swine manure was 1 versus 2 or 3, and at more than ratio 1 versus 3, ammonia gas was caused because of anaerobic fermentation status by high moisture content of wood chips. The mixing interval of decomposer was 3 mins. per hour for the best swine decomposition.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2002

It's not easy to renew old brand of over 50 years history to the tastes of new consumer of our time. Most of national brands that has a history of some 20 years in Korea have strove for continuation and growth of brand to no avails, which can be taken as a good example of current situation. For instance, C company, one of the National brand of US which has a history of 51 years, has made its position secure as a fashion group and based itself on a sound foundation by establishing new marketing strategy and completing successful brand renewal in the process of strategic M&A with Italian company. Those successful marketing strategies are as follows. 1) they regarded both market and consumer oriented marketing activity as company's highest priority strategy and put great emphasis upon concentration on target market and reestablishment of brand image of business casual wear. 2) Setting up and operating planning team composed of merchandizer alone in Milano, they set the direction of plan on the basis of concentrated research on potential item in market according to thorough market research done by buying office in Korea, branch office in Hong Kong and buyer in US prior to blueprint planning for season. 3) Great emphasis was placed on business which focused on intensive presentation of basic key item for apparel career women who are main consumer group in the midium-low prices market in US and on supplementation of size and color. they named this line 'collectibles' and helped their customer develop their own clothes plan without worrying about the change of color and fabric by supporting same fabric and color throughout the year and enabled them to add variation easily by supplementing new trend item. 4) Company set black as a main color that lots of apparel career women find easy to care and to express their own image and presented them with pebble which belongs to navy and beige and added fashion color such as wine and brown etc as season goes by. They constructed basic line in order for their customers to coordinate purchased item with new one or to add them to present collection, and to achieve efficient sale by setting up strategy which allows this cross coordination and changing pattern occasionally. 5) Though basic jacket for 99$, short slim skirt for 49$ are products within midium-low prices range, in the material planning stage aiming at production of item that has both resonable function appealing to consumer and is fashionable, synthetic material had to be used as a main source due to price competitiveness. Despite this situation, considering comfortable sense of fit and refined drape of silhouette that has no sign of cheap material, whole collectible line was divided into two items, which contributed to reduction of cost. In case of material that is composed of triacetate and polyester in 70 to 30 ratio, was used up to 4 million yard, which allowed drastic curtailment of cost accompanied by concentration. In case of 'collectibles' line, using Korean material mainly, C company chose to have their product sewed in Southeast Asian countries where transportation is well developed and both productivity and quality verified by operating global production system which aiming at cutdown of cost through outsourcing production from the country where labor cost is low and getting finished product. Polarization between present consumers telling us that consumers with the mind of middle classes in the past no longer exists between consumers who seek after only fine article of highest quality and wise consumers who are sensible enough to judge bubble on correlation between price and quality. To cope with this change in new consumer mind, apparel makes changing their policy so as to produce item that has reasonable quality and falls within affordable price range anywhere in the world. and they're striving to get out of difficult situation by operating global marketing strategy which stresses separation of planning, production and sale and sensibility of fashion shared worldwide. The marketing strategy of C company can be exemplified as a successful one.