• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to find out the effect of aerobic exercise using Bruce protocol on heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Methods : In this study, 34 students from D University located in J city were targeted, COVID-19 infected group (17 people) and non-COVID-19 non-infected group (17 people). The Bruce protocol using a treadmill was applied to the aerobic exercise of this study. The Bruce protocol has in the first stage of METs 4 (slope 10 %, speed 2.7 km/h). The second stage was METs 5 (slope 12 %, speed 4 km/h), and the third stage was METs 6 (slope 14 %, speed 5.4 km/h). All measurements were measured 3 times and the average value was used. Results : As a result of this study, as a result of comparing heart rate changes according to aerobic exercise using the Bruce protocol. EG group and the CG group increased significantly according to the progressive exercise load (METs 4~5), and in the third stage of the Bruce protocol between groups, The EG group showed a significantly lower heart rate. As a result of comparing changes in oxygen saturation and blood pressure, there was no significant difference between the EG and C groups according to the gradual exercise load. Conclusion : In conclusion, there was no difference between normal and pressure when MET of moderate intensity exercise (4 to 6) was applied to the effect on heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure in healthy adults who were fully recovered from COVID-19. Secondary side effects may occur when high intensity exercise with a MET of 6 or higher, so it is strongly recommended that hospitals or specialized institutions measure exercise and physical ability according to individual exercise intensity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 1988

본 시험은 종간교잡을 이용한 효과적인 보리 반수체 육성에 관한 체계적인 방법을 수립코자 실시하였다. 반수체 배 생산은 보리 품종 Bruce, Klages 와 Rodeo를 모본으로, H. bulbosum을 부본으로 하였다. 1. 총 1,687 화를 교배하여 1,079립의 종자를 수확하여 46% 교잡율을 얻었다. 2. 1,079립의 종자로부터 834개의 배를 생산하여 77%의 배 형성율을 얻었다. 3. 근 발육촉진을 위해서는 IAA가 NAA보다 효과적이었고, 4. 0ppm, 1ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm과 30 ppm의 IAA 농도중 1ppm이 가장 효과적이었다. 5. 콜치신에 의한 염색체 증가율은 82%이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.48-50
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• 1995

The $^1H NMR singls of three 6{\alpha}-bromopenicillanates$ have been assigned and the Nuclear Overthauser Effect(NOE) study of these compounds was undertaken.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.299-300
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• 2006

Machining of sinter-hardened PM steels provides a challenge for part makers. To facilitate machining of these materials, a new additive (MA) has been developed to increase tool life during the machining process. Hard turning tests were performed to evaluate the effect of this new additive. Sintered compacts with the MA additive were compared to compacts without a machining aid and to compacts that contained the MnS additive. This paper discusses the improvement in machinability with this new additive in sinter-hardenable PM steels.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of strenuous exercise on ${\beta}$-endorphine (${\beta}$-END) level in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to healthy subjects. Methods: We enrolled 30 FM patients and 15 healthy individuals. All study participants underwent a treadmill exercise test using modified Bruce protocol (M.Bruce). The goal of the test was achieving at least 70% of the predicted maximal heart rate (HRMax). The serum levels of ${\beta}$-END were measured before and after the exercise program. Measurements were done while heart rate was at least 70% of its predicted maximum. Results: The mean ${\pm}$ the standard deviation (SD) of exercise duration in the FM and control groups were $24.26{\pm}5.29$ and $29.06{\pm}3.26$ minutes, respectively, indicating a shorter time to achieve the goal heart rate in FM patients (P < 0.003). Most FM patients attained 70% HRMax at lower stages (stage 2 and 3) of M.Bruce compared to the control group (70% versus 6.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Compared to healthy subjects, FM patients had lower serum ${\beta}$-END levels both in baseline and post-exercise status ($Mean{\pm}SD$: $122.07{\pm}28.56{\mu}g/ml$ and $246.55{\pm}29.57{\mu}g/ml$ in the control group versus $90.12{\pm}20.91{\mu}g/ml$ and $179.80{\pm}28.57{\mu}g/ml$ in FM patients, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that FM patients had lower levels of ${\beta}$-END in both basal and post-exercise status. Exercise increased serum the ${\beta}$-END level in both groups but the average increase in ${\beta}$-END in FM patients was significantly lower than in the control group.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on immune response. Fourteen university soccer players are sampled and divided into two groups -- one group of seven for aerobic exercise, the other for anaerobic exercise. The one group of aerobic exercise went through the Graded Exercise Test of Bruce protocol, using Treadmill, and were driven to be all-out ; the other of anaerobic exercise took the Wingate Test. Blood the respective periods of rest, post exercise, and recovery for ten minutes. The results are as follows. (1) The acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise don't affect monocyte and granulocyte. (2) The change in lymphocyte and NK cell resulting from the acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise shows a significant differences in the three different periods, but not significant differences between the two groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.265-267
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• 1998

Cattle in Alaska seemed to be tolerant to low blood selenium (Se) although arctic winter energy demands might exacerbate oxidative damage to tissues lacking protection by Se. The thermogenic properities of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the long cold adaptation period for Alaskan cattle indicates that they might develop BAT. Eighteen mature beef cows with whole blood Se of< 19 ppb were used to examine possible relation-ships among Se deficiency, tissue lesions, and observable BAT. All cows were wintered on a diet low in Se and nine cows were given supplemental Se provided by intraruminal bolus. Blood Se was elevated (p < .05) from November through February by supplemental Se, but body weight and back fat thickness were unaffected (p < .10). Tissues were taken from two Se deficient cows, two cows supplemented with Se, and two cows given large doses of Se (300 mg by injection) four weeks before slaughter. Histopathological examination of 187 samples of fat (7 to 55 from each cow) showed no observable amount of BAT. Examination of other tissues showed no lesions attributable to Se deficiency.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2006

설치류를 포함한 대부분의 포유동물은 페로몬 반응을 중개하는 두 개의 화학감각 시스템(chemosensory system)을 갖고 있는데, 각각 주후각시스템(main olfactory system, MOS)과 부후각시스템(accesory olfactory system, AOS)이다. MOS에 속하는 화학감각뉴런들은 주후각 상피 내에 위치하며, AOS에 속하는 화학감각뉴런들은 비강 윗부분의 서골비기관(vomeronasal organ, VNO)에 위치한다. 공기 중의 비휘발성 페로몬 성분들은 구개 위쪽으로 열린 관을 통해 VNO의 내강으로 이동한다. 페로몬 수용체 단백질들은 크게 두 개의 슈퍼패밀리 V1R과 V2R로 나뉘는데, 이들은 구조적으로 큰 차이가 있으며 MOS에서 발현되는 후각 수용체들과는 무관하다. 이들은 7개의 막관통 도메인을 갖는 G-단백질 결부 단백질(seven transmembrane domain G-protein coupled proteins, V1R은 $G_{{\alpha}i2}$와, 그리고 V2R은 $G_{0\;{\alpha}}$와 연관)이다. V2R은 비고전적 MHC Ib 유전자 산물인 M10과 기타 8개의 M1 패밀리 단백질들과 함께 작용한다. 그 외 VNO 뉴런의 중요한 구성 분자는 TrpC2로, 이는 transient receptor potential(TRP)의 양이온 채널 단백질이며 세포내 신호전달과정에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정된다. 포유동물의 화학적 의사소통과정에서 페로몬은 작용 모드 또는 효과에 따라 4종류로 분류할 수 있는데, 프라이머(primer), 신호자(signaler), 조정자(modulator) 그리고 방출자(releaser)이다. 근본적으로 이들 화학신호에 대한 반응들은 개체 간, 심지어는 한 개체 내에서도 다양할 수 있다. 이러한 다양성은 페로몬이 스테로이드 호르몬들과 함께 또는 단독으로, 신경전달물질들과 같은 비스테로이드 요인들의 후각정보 처리 과정에 미치는 각종 조절의 차이에 의해 나타날 수 있다. 이러한 조절은 유리한 사회적, 환경적인 조건들을 갖도록 수용자의 생식 축에 미치는 영향을 증강 또는 촉진한다. 가장 좋은 예는 수컷 생쥐의 소변 중의 테스토스테론 의존적인 주요 요단백질(major urinary proteins, MUPs)에 의한 임신방지효과(Bruce 효과)이다. 흥미롭게도 생쥐 GnRH 뉴런은 냄새와 페로몬 양자 모두로부터 페로몬 신호를 수용하는 것 같다. 비록 상당한 논란의 소지는 있지만, 그간의 연구들은 생식과 기타 여러 기능들 사이에 복잡한 상호교차 관계가 있음을 시사한다. 여기서 GnRH 뉴런은 다양한 원천으로부터의 정보를 통합하고, 다시 다양한 뇌기능을 조절하는 것으로 보인다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

We show that next-generation galaxy surveys such as KAOS (the Kilo-Aperture Optical Spectro-graph)will constrain dark energy even if the baryon oscillations are missing from the monopole power spectrum and the bias is scale- and time-dependent KAOS will accurately measure the quadrupole power spectrum which gives the leading anisotropies in the power spectrum in redshift space due to peculiar velocities, the finger of God effect, as well as the Alcock-Paczynski effect. The combination of monopole and quadrupole power spectra powerfully breaks the degeneracy between the bias parameters and dark energy and, in the complete absence of baryon oscillations ($\Omega$b = 0), leads to a roughly $500\%$ improvement in constraints on dark energy compared with the monopole spectrum alone. As a result, for KAOS the worst case with no oscillations has dark energy errors only mildly degraded relative to the ideal case, providing insurance on the robustness of KAOS constraints on dark energy. We show that nonlinear effects are crucial in correctly evaluating the quadrupole and significantly improving the constraints on dark energy when we allow for multi-parameter scale-dependent bias.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2008

A series of steady-state and short-term experiments on a three-phase circulating-bed biofilm reactor (CBBR) for removing toluene from gas streams were conducted to investigate the effect of macroporous-carrier size (1-mm cubes versus 4-mm cubes, which have the same total surface area) on CBBR performance. Experimental conditions were identical, except for the carrier size. The CBBR with 1-mm carriers (the 1-mm CBBR) overcame the performance limitation observed with the CBBR with 4-mm carriers (the 4-mm CBBR): oxygen depletion inside the biofilm. The 1-mm CBBR consistently had the superior removal efficiencies of toluene and COD, higher than 93% for all, and the advantage was greatest for the highest toluene loading, $0.12\;M/m^2-day$. The 1-mm carriers achieved superior performance by minimizing the negative effects of oxygen depletion, because they had 4.7 to 6.8 times thinner biofilm depths. The 1-mm carriers continued to provide protection from excess biomass detachment and inhibition from toluene. Finally, the 1-mm CBBR achieved volumetric removal capacities up to 300 times greater than demonstrated by other biofilters treating toluene and related volatile hydrocarbons.