• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1975

개에 자연발생(自然發生)한 다음과 같은 종양(腫瘍)을 수집(蒐集)하여, 그 육안적(肉眼的) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 소견(所見)을 검토(檢討)하고, 이에 관(關)한 간단한 고찰(考察)을 가(加)했다. 피부(皮膚) 및 피하직(皮下織)의 종양(腫瘍) : 섬유종(纖維腫), 지방종(脂肪腫), 표피성(表皮性) 낭종(囊腫), 흑색육종(黑色肉腫), 한선종(汗腺腫), 비만세포종(肥滿細胞腫)(2예(例)), 비만세포육종(肥滿細胞肉腫), 피지선암종(皮脂腺癌腫). 비장(脾臟) 및 임파절(淋巴節)의 종양(腫瘍) : 비피막(脾被膜)의 섬유육종(纖維肉腫), 비(脾)의 평활근육종(平滑筋肉腫), 임파절(淋巴節)의 임파육종(淋巴肉腫)(2예(例)). 폐장(肺臟)의 종양(腫瘍) : 기관지성암종(氣管枝性癌腫)(3예(例)), 각각(各各) 선암종형(腺癌腫型), 편평세포암종형(扁平細胞癌腫型) 및 미분화세포(未分化細胞)(원형(圓形))암종형(癌腫型). 소화관(消化管) 및 간장(肝臟)의 종양(腫瘍) : 위(胃)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 간(肝)의 혈관종(血管腫), 담관암종(膽管癌腫), 간세포암종(肝細胞癌腫), 간(肝)에 출현(出現)한 골수성백혈세포세포(骨髓性白血細胞細胞). 복막(腹膜)의 종양(腫瘍) : 섬유육종(纖維肉腫). 비뇨생식계(泌尿生殖系)의 종양(腫瘍) : 자궁(子宮)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 난소(卵巢)의 난포낭종(卵胞囊腫), 질(膣)의 전염성(傳染性) 성기종(性器腫)(6예(例)), 신암종(腎癌腫), 섭호선종(攝護腺腫)(2예(例)), 포피(包皮)의 섬유종(纖維腫), 고환(睾丸)의 정충종(精蟲腫). 유선(乳腺)의 종양(腫瘍) : 혼합종(混合腫)(2예(例)), 근상피종(筋上皮腫). 신경계(神經系)의 종양(腫瘍) : 대퇴부(大腿部)의 신경섬유육종(神經纖維肉腫).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1978

Two hundred and seventeen patients underwent diagnostic rigid bronchoscopy or bionchofiberscopy to evaluate the cytologic diagnosis in the lung cancer patient at the department of chest surgery of Yon-Sei university, college of the medicine from 1971 to 1977 year. One hundred and twenty cases of these patients were taken rigid bronchoscopy and ninety four cases of these patient were taken bronchofiberscopy. Cytologic examination of the sputum was done in 214 cases and sputum cytology was positive in 50 cases [23.4%]. Rigid bronchoscopy was made in 120 cases and this bronchoscopic cytology including bronchial washing and bronchial biopsy was positive in 34 cases [28.5%]. Bronchofiberscopy was performed in 94 cases and was positive in 45 cases [47.5%]. Histopathologically, 41 cases [43.6%] were epidermoid cell carcinoma, 8 cases [8.5%]of undifferentiated cell type, 12 cases [12.8%]of adenocarcinoma, 8 cases [8.5%]of alveolar cell type, and the 25 cases were undetermined. Cytologic examination of the sputum lacks the accuracy of the bronchoscopies in terms of both localization and accurate histologic indentification of the type of neoplasm. Rigid bronchoscope has the advantage of permitting identification of a tumor in a central location and of providing a sufficient amount of biopsy material for accurate diagnosis of carcinoma. However, it has the disadvantage of limiting examination to the larger, more central portions of the tracheobronchial tree. Bronchofiberscope had the advantage of examine upper lobe as well as other portions of the tracheobronchial tree which could not be visualized with the rigid bronchoscopy. A positive diagnosis in bronchofiberscopy was obtained in the highest rate, 47. 8% [45 cases]. A1 last, if a bronchogenic carcinoma is suspected on the basis of either symptoms of an abnormality on the chest film the diagnostic work-up-sputum cytology, bronchial washing, bronchoscopic biopsy, scalene node biopsy, thoracentesis and mediastinoscopy explothoracotomy etc-should precede in an attempt not only to obtain the higher positive diagnosis but also to obtain a tissue diagnosis and to evaluate the stage of the disease and to ascertain the appropriate mode of therapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1989-1993
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer among men and second highest among women overall, including in Turkey. Cigarette smoking is the most important etiologic factor for the development of cancer in both men and women. Objective: To determine the lung cancer incidence in Northeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey with a focus on clinical properties, cancer subtypes, the relationships of tumors with cigarette smoking and radiological properties of the lesions. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study design, 566 lung cancer cases diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Ataturk University in Erzurum over the last seven years extending from January 2006 to June 2012 were investigated. The results were compared with statistical analyses. Results: The most common histopathological subtype of primary bronchogenic carcinoma in our study was found to be the squamous cell carcinoma, 46.1% (261 out of 566), and the second was small cell lung carcinoma 15.7% (89 out of 566). Based on our data, an overall male predominance was noted with a male/female ratio of 6.1/1. While 296 (52.2%) of the patients were found to be smokers at the time of diagnosis, 125 (22.0%) were nonsmokers and 145 (25.6%) were ex-smokers. Smoking status was found to have a strong correlation with primary lung cancer (p<0.05), and there were significant differences between males and females (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although relative prominence of subtypes of lung cancers differ between Turkish and other populations, lung cancer overall remains as an important health problem in Turkey. Our findings stress the critical need for effective cancer prevention programs such as anti-smoking campaigns.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.410-415
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• 1993

연구배경 : 폐농양은 폐 흡인이 중요한 발생기전이므로 dependent한 위치에 호발하나 실제로는 nondependent한 위치에도 상당히 있으며 이 경우 공동성 폐암과 감별을 위해 조기 기관지내시경을 시행하는 경향이 있다. 그러나 그 임상 양상과 조기 기관지 내시경의 필요성에 대해 논의한 바가 없다. 방법 : 저자들은 본 질환의 임상양상과 조기 기관지내시경의 필요성을 조사하기 위해 순천향대학병원 내과에서 입원 치료받았던 15예의 nondependent한 위치의 공동성 병변을 대상으로 각종 임상적 소견을 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 대상 환자는 30세이후에서 빈도가 증가하였고 남녀비는 6.5:1이었고 평균 연령은 51세였다. 2) 원인 질환은 결핵이 2예이외에 13예 전부 박테리아 감염에 의한 폐농양이었으며 폐암은 없었다. 3) 폐농양 13예중 우측 폐에 12예, 좌측 폐에 1예였고 특히 우중엽에 호발하였다. 4) 기관지내시경 소견은 8명에서 비특이적 점막변화가, 2명에서 기관지 협착이 있었다. 세포검사와 조직검사에서는 악성의 소견은 없었다. 5) 대부분 항생제 치료에 잘 반응하였으며 임상결과는 양호하였다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경은 기관지 폐쇄의 다른 증거나 폐암을 시사하는 소견이 없는 한 치료경과를 보면서 실시여부를 결정하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 nondependent한 위치의 공동성 병변이 있는 경우 기저질환으로 폐결핵을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1990

A total of 178 patients with primary lung cancer who had undergone complete resection of the tumor in combination with complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy were reviewed at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Yonsei Medical Center from January 1980 through July 1989. Materials; 1. There were 45 men and 33 women ranging of age from 25 to 78 years with a mean age of 55.4 years. 2. Histological types were squamous carcinoma in 115 cases [64.6%] adenocarcinoma in 42 cases [23.6 %], bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in 9 cases [5.1%], large cell carcinoma in 8 cases [4.5 %] and small cell carcinoma in 4 cases [2.2%] Results were summarized as follows: 1. The size of primary tumor was not directly proportional to the frequency of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. [P =0.0567] 2. The histologic types of the primary tumor did not related to the incidence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. [P >0.19] 3. The chance of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in the case with lung cancer located in right middle lobe[31.8%, N=22] and left lower lobe [31.4%, N=32] were the highest and the lowest was the one located in right lower lobe, while over all incidence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in this series was 25.4 % [N=55]. 4. The rate of mediastinal lymph node metastasis without evidence of regional and hilar lymph node metastasis was 13%. [N=23] The chance of mediastinal lymph node involvement without N1 lymph node metastasis was 16.3 % [N=17] in both upper lobes and 8.2 % [N=6] in both lower lobes. It was statistically significant that the tumors in the upper lobes had greater chance of the mediastinal lymph node metastasis without N1 than the tumors in the lower lobes. 5. In this series majority of the patients with lung cancer the mediastinal lymph node metastasis from the tumor in each pulmonary lobes usually occurs via ipsilateral tracheobronchial and paratracheal lymphatic pathway. Especially the lung cancer located in lower lobes can metastasize to subcarinal, paraesophageal and inferior pulmonary ligamental lymph node through the lymphatic pathway of inferior pulmonary ligament. It can be speculated that in some cases of this series otherwise mediastinal lymph node metastasis can also occur with direct invasion to the parietal pleura and to the mediastinal lymph node via direct subpleural lymphatic pathway .

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

To analyze the accuracy and usefulness of sputum cytology as a screening method, 103 cases of histologically proven lung cancer registered from 1998 to 2000 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were retrospectively examined. We reviewed the original cytologic and surgical diagnoses for the cases, and the cytology slides of all cytologically negative cases. The overall sensitivity of sputum cytology was 0.83 ; the sensitivity of prebronchoscopy sputum cytology for bronchogenic carcinoma was 0.87. Central tumor location (P=0.002), tumor size (>2.4 cm), (P=0.027) and the number of sputum samples $(\geq3)$ (P=0.001) were associated with a positive cytologic diagnosis. Of the 18 cytologically negative cases, 9 cases(38% of smears) were determined to be insufficient for diagnosis, due strictly to low cellularity and saliva. After a review of the cytology slides of cytologically negative cases, we identified several atypical clusters in one case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. This negativity was thus attributed to an interpretation error (1/18, 5.6%). Our results suggest that its sensitivity is more strongly related to the specimen adequacy and the times of sampling than to interpretation error. In terms of sensitivity, specificity, accessibility, cost, and morbidity associated with the screening tests, sputum cytology was found to be an accurate effective screening method for lung cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 1989

From April 1986 to Dec 1988, fifty one patients with carcinoma of lung were treated by radiation therapy in Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yeungnam University Hospital Of the 51 patients, $31(61\%)$ were squamous cell ca, $8(15.7\%)$ were small cell ca, and remained $4(7.9\%)$ were other cell types. Total radiation dose was average $64Gy (60\~75 Gy)$ for group A and 45Gy $(40\~59Gy)$ for group B. The mass regression and the response of airway obstruction to radiation therapy was established on the basis of follow up chest X-ray. The mass regression above $50\%$ of total volume was noted in 23 patients $(74.2\%)$ among 31 patients and the difference between two groups was not seen. In squamous cell ca, however, the mass regression rate (above $50\%$ of total volume) was $83.3\%$ (10/12) in group A compared to $50\%$ (3/6) in group B(p<0.05). The alleviation of airway obstruction was noted as follows. In group A, CR $42.9\%$, PR $35.7\%$, no response $21.4\%$ and in group B, CR $55.6\%,\;PR\;33.3\%$, no response $11.1\%$. But, in squamous cell ca, responsiveness is higher than group B. The study indicates that the importance of higher radiation dose in the management of primary tumor mass and airway obstruction caused by lung cancer especially squamous cell ca. So, meticulous treatment planning and multimodality combination therapy without increasing si.do elect or complication is recommended in management of inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2000

과립세포종은 Schwann 세포에서 유래한 연부조직 종양으로서 드물게는 기관지내에서 발견되며 이 경우 다른 조직에서 발생한 경우와 달리 폐암이나 기관지결핵과 같은 흔한 기관지내 질환과의 감별이 임상적으로 문제가 된다. 저자들은 62세 남자에서 악성 종격동 종양과 병발하였고 기관지 내시경상에서 좌상엽 기관지내에서 용종양 종괴로 발견되어 조직검사로 확진되었던 과립세포종의 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a crucial tool for evaluating mediastinal masses considering that several lesions that appear indeterminate on computed tomography and radiography can be differentiated on MRI. Using a three-compartment model to localize the mass and employing a basic knowledge of MRI, radiologists can easily diagnose mediastinal masses. Here, we review the use of MRI in evaluating mediastinal masses and present the images of various mediastinal masses categorized using the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group's three-compartment classification system. These masses include thymic hyperplasia, thymic cyst, pericardial cyst, thymoma, mediastinal hemangioma, lymphoma, mature teratoma, bronchogenic cyst, esophageal duplication cyst, mediastinal thyroid carcinoma originating from ectopic thyroid tissue, mediastinal liposarcoma, mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst, neurogenic tumor, meningocele, and plasmacytoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1998

연구배경: 비소세포성 폐암이 수술이 불가능한 국소 병변일 경우 외부 방사선 치료를 받거나 항암치료와 병행하기도 한다. 그러나 방사선치료후 재발한 경우 특히 재발 부위가 통일한 경우는 외부방사선 치료를 다시 받을 수 없다. 이런 환자의 경우 재발로 인한 증상이 있을 경우 외부 방사선 조사 여부와 상관없이 기관지내 고선량율 근접치료는 치료의 대안이 될수 있다. 본연구에서는 치료후 기관지내로 재발한 비소세포성 폐암 환자 26명을 대상으로 기관지내 고선량율 근접조사치료를 시행하여 효과를 보았다. 연구방법: 대상환자는 비소세포성 폐암으로 치료후 재발한 26명이고 기관지 내시경율 통해 방사선 투시하에 카테타를 삽입하여 종양부위에 설치하고 $^{192}Ir$ HDR 후부하 기구(Remote afterloading unit : Gammamed, Germany)를 연결하였다. 컴퓨터로 정확한 조사위치를 정하고 깊이 10mm로 설정하고 조사량은 500cGY로 매주 간격으로 3회 시행하였다. 조사시간은 10~15분 정도 였다. 치료 효과를 판정하기 위하여 기관지 내시경하 폐색정도, 치료전과 치료후 4주에 단순 흉부 X-선 촬영, 증상과 징후의 접수에 따른 비교, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS)을 비교하였다. 결 과: 치료후 기관지 폐색은 26명중 11명(42%)에서 호전되었고 13명(50%)에서 변화없었으며, 2명(8%)에서 악화되었다. 흉부 X-선상 기관지 폐색으로 인한 무기폐는 환자 15명에서 관찰되었고 이들중 5명(33%)에서 호전되었고, 1명(7%)에서 오히려 악화되었으며 9명(60%)에서 변화없었다. 환자들이 주로 호소하는 증상은 객혈, 호흡곤란, 기침이었으며 객혈은 10명중 5명(50%)에서 증상호전을 보였고, 4명(40%)에서 변화없었으며, 1명(10%)에서 악화되었다. 호흡곤란은 치료후 8명중 5명(62%)에서 호전되었고, 2(25%)명에서 변화없었으며, 1명(13%)에서 악화되었다. 18명의 환자가 호소하던 기침은 치료후 10명(56%)에서 호전되었으며, 7명(38%)에서 변화없었고 1명(6%)에서 악화되었다. 전체적인 수행능력을 알아보는 Karnofsky performance scale은 치료전 평균 76.4점에서 77.6점으로 상승하였다. 결 론: 기관지내 고선량율 근접 조사치료는 기관지내로 재발한 폐암 환자의 증상을 완화시키고 합병증도 적고, 환자들도 외래에서 짧은 시간에 치료 받을 수 있어 효과적이다.