• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bromine

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Reaction between Gas-phase Hydrogen Atom and Chemisorbed Bromine Atoms on a Silicon(001)-(2X1) Surface

  • Park, Jong-Keun;Ree, Jong-Baik;Lee, Sang-Kwon;Kim, Yoo-Hang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.2271-2278
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    • 2007
  • Electron transfer of a redox protein at a bare gold electrode is too slow to observe the redox peaks. A novel Nafion-riboflavin functional membrane was constructed during this study and electron transfer of cytochrome c, superoxide dismutase, and hemoglobin were carried out on the functional membrane-modified gold electrode with good stability and repeatability. The immobilized protein-modified electrodes showed quasireversible electrochemical redox behaviors with formal potentials of 0.150, 0.175, and 0.202 V versus Ag/AgCl for the cytochrome c, superoxide dismutase and hemoglobin, respectively. Whole experiment was carried out in the 50 mM MOPS buffer solution with pH 6.0 at 25 oC. For the immobilized protein, the cathodic transfer coefficients were 0.67, 0.68 and 0.67 and electron transfer-rate constants were evaluated to be 2.25, 2.23 and 2.5 s?1, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide concentration was measured by the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and our experiment revealed that the enzyme was fully functional while immobilized on the Nafion-riboflavin membrane.

니트로벤젠 용액내에서의 브롬화갈륨과 브롬화이소프로필의 브롬 교환 반응 (Kinetics of the Bromine-Exchange Reaction of Gallium Bromide with Isopropyl Bromide in Nitrobenzene)

  • 최상업
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 1970
  • 방사성 브롬으로 표시한 브롬화이소프로필을 사용하여 니트로벤젠 용액내에서 브롬화칼륨과 브롬과이소프로필 사이에 일어나는 브롬교환반응의 속도를 19$^{\circ},\;25^{\circ}$및 40$^{\circ}C$에서 측정하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 이 브롬교환반응이 브롬화갈륨에 관하여 2차 반응이고 브롬화이소프로필에 관하여 1차 반응임을 보여준다. 19$^{\circ}C$에서의 반응속도 상수 값이 $k_3=3.2{\times}10^{-2}l^2{\cdot}mole^{-2}sec^{-1}$임을 알았다. 그리고 반응속도상수와 온도와의 관계로부터 이 교환반응에 대한 활성화에너지, 활성화엔탈피 및 활성화엔트로피 값을 계산하였다.

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Vacuum Ultraviolet Photolysis of Ethyl Bromide at 123.6 nm

  • Hee-Soo Yoo;K. H. Jung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.35-39
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    • 1980
  • A vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of ethyl bromide was studied in the pressure range of 0.5-19.9 torr and at 123.6 nm krypton resonance line. The pressure effect on the reaction was studied by increasing the reactant pressure and by adding an inert gas, e.g., He. In the observation the monatomic gas is found to be no effect in the reaction. A scavenger effect of the reaction was also performed by adding NO gas as a radical scavenger and was found to be quite efficient to scavenge a radical product $C_2H_6$. The observation of the major reaction product $C_2H_6$ was interpreted in terms of a molecular elimination. Nontheless the decreasing phenomenon of ${\phi}_{C_2H_4}/{\phi}_{C_2H_6}$ with pressure rise was attributed to the existence of the two electronically excited states. One state proceeds to the molecular elimination and the other to carbon-bromine bond fission. The excitation and the decomposition mechanisms between two excited states and the reaction products were interpreted in terms of the first excitation which proceeds the molecular elimination, and the second excitation which resulted from the first excited state by collisional cross over decomposes by carbon-bromine bond fission.

2-할로벤질 페닐 에델의 광반응성 (The Photoreactivity of 2-Halobenzyl Phenyl Ether)

  • 박용태;김영희;신현일
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.203-208
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    • 1998
  • 할로겐화아렌이 다른 아렌에 etheral alkyl그룹에 의해 연결된 2-halobenzyl phenyl ether( 1과 2)를 합성하여 제조적인 광반응에서 생성물을 확인하고 또 속도론적 광반응에서 그 반응성을 시험하였다. 질소 기류 하에서 2-chlorobenzyl phenyl ether(1)은 페놀과 photo-Fries형 생성물이 나왔으며 Br치환 ether2는 페놀과 photo-Fries형 생성물 이외에 광고리화 및 광환원 생성물이 나왔다. 이것은 Cl이 benzyl고리에 강하게 붙어 있기 때문에 상대적으로 약한 $CH_{2}-O$결합의 파열이 생긴 결과이다. 또 Br유도체 2는 phenyl-bromine 사이의 결합이 phenyl-chlorine사이의 결합보다 약하니까 결국 그 결합의 광유발 파열이 $CH_{2}-O$결합 파열과 경쟁적으로 되었음이 분명하다. 산소 존재하에서 페놀의 생성은 큰 변화가 없고, photo-Fries형 생성물은 약간 감소하고 , 그리고 광고리화 생성물과 광환원 생성물은 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 보아 광고리화와 환원반응은 삼중상태가 상관하고 photo-fries형 반응은 단일상태와 삼중상태가 동시에 상관하는 것이다.

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칼슘이온으로 완전히 치환한 제올라이트 A를 탈수한 후 브롬을 흡착한 결정구조 (The Crystal Structure of a Bromine Sorption Complex of Dehydrated Fully $Ca^{2+}$-Exchanged zeolite A)

  • 장세복;한영욱;문성두;김양
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.630-635
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    • 1991
  • 완전히 $Ca^{2+}$이온으로 치환한 제올라이트 A를 탈수한 후 브롬을 흡착한 결정구조(a = 12.211(2) ${\AA}$)를 입방공간군 Pm3m을 써서 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하였다. 결정은 $360^{\circ}C$에서 2 ${\times}$ $10^{-6}$Torr하에서 2일간 진공 탈수한 후 $24^{\circ}C$에서 약 180 Torr의 브롬 기체로써 30분간 반응시켰다. 결과로 얻은 구조에서 6개의 $Ca^{2+}$이온은 6-링 산소와 결합하면서 두개의 다른 3회 회전축상에 위치하고 있었고 단이 세포당 총 6분자의 브롬이 흡착되었다. 각 브롬 분자는 골격구조의 산소이온과 전하이동착물을 형성하였다.(O-Br = 3.12(7) ${\AA}$, Br-Br = 2.64(9) ${\AA}$ 및 O-Br-Br = $178(2)^{\circ}$), Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 I > 3${\sigma}$ (I)인 103개의 독립반사를 써서 R = 0.104까지 얻었다.

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천연(天然) Halogen 유기화합물(有機化合物)에 대(對)하여 (Natural Halogenated Organic Compounds)

  • 한구동
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.159-169
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    • 1976
  • The present review records the known structures of more than 80 organic compounds containing halogens, which may be considered naturally occurring. The format of the review is based on the viewpoint of biochemists. Compounds containing one type of halogen atom have been placed in one of four major division, i.e., structures possessing fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine covalently bonded to carbon. Within each major division molecular structures are given along with the species from which the compounds have been isolated, The biological significance, if any, is also mentioned.

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Viologen-mediated Reductive Transformations of gem-Bromonitro Compounds and $\alpha$-Nitro Ketones by Sodium Dithionite

  • Kwanghee Koh Park;Won Kyou Joung;Sook Young Choi
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.461-465
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    • 1993
  • Reductive transformations of gem-bromonitro compounds and ${\alpha}$-nitro ketones were carried out conveniently with sodium dithionite by using dioctyl viologen as an electron-transfer catalyst in dichloromethane-water two-phase system:the bromine atom in gem-bromonitro compounds and the nitro group in ${\alpha}$-nitro ketones are replaced by hydrogen.

1,2,4-트리클로로벤젠용액 및 니트로벤젠용액 내에서의 브롬화갈륨과 브롬화 n-부틸의 브롬 교환반응 (Kinetics of the Bromine-Exchange Reaction of Gallium Bromide with n-Butyl Bromide in 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene and in Nitrobenzene)

  • 권오천;최상업
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.479-485
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    • 1976
  • 방사성 브롬으로 표시한 브롬화 n-부틸을 사용하여 1,2,4-트리클로로벤젠용액 및 니트로 벤젠용액 내에서 브롬화칼륨과 n-브롬화부틸 사이에 일어나는 브롬교환 반응의 속도를 19,25 및 40$^{\circ}C$에서 측정하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 이 브롬 교환반응이 브롬화칼륨에 관하여 2차반응이고 n-브롬화부틸에 관하여 1차 반응임을 보여준다. $19^{\circ}C$에서의 반응속도상수 값이 1,2,4-트리클로로벤젠용액에서 $1.15{\times}10^{-4} l^2{\cdot}mole^{-2}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$이고, 니트로벤젠용액에서 $4.21{\times}10-4 l2{\cdot}mole-2{\cdot}sec-1$임을 알았다. 그리고 반응속도상수와 온도와의 관계로부터 이 교환반응에 대한 활성화 에너지, 활성화 엔탈피 및 활성화 엔트로피 값을 계산하였다.

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2-dimensional Mapping of Sulfur Dioxide and Bromine Oxide at the Sakurajima Volcano with a Ground Based Scanning Imaging Spectrograph System

  • Lee, Han-Lim;Kim, J.-Hoon;Ryu, Jae-Yong;Kwon, Soon-Chul;Noh, Young-Min;Gu, Myo-Jeong
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.204-208
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    • 2010
  • A scanning imaging spectrograph system was used in this study to retrieve readings of the 2-D distribution of $SO_2$ and BrO around the crater of the Sakurajima volcano in Japan. The measurement was carried out during the daytime on November 2, 2005. Measurements were made at the surface of the site, located 5 km from the Sakurajima crater. One hundred horizontal scans were performed. Each column scanned by the system consists of 64 vertical pixels in order to retrieve the spatial distributions of BrO and $SO_2$ in the plume in terms of slant column densities (SCDs). Measured spectra were analyzed to identify and quantify $SO_2$ and BrO in the volcanic plume utilizing the plume's specific absorption features in the ultra violet region. Two-dimensional BrO and $SO_2$ distributions in SCD were retrieved horizontally covering the upwind, crater and downwind areas, and vertically, including the plume in the center of the scanned image. Both horizontal and vertical dispersions of $SO_2$ SCD from the crater were successfully measured to be from $10^{17}$ to $4.5{\times}10^{18}$ molecules $cm^{-2}$. However, BrO was measured below $10^{15}$ molecules $cm^{-2}$, which is considered its background level.

1-나프틸메틸 할라이드의 할로겐 교환반응 (Kinetic Studies on Halogen Exchange of 1-Naphthyl Methyl Halides)

  • 이계수
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 1969
  • 1-naphthyl methyl halide와 halide ion간의 反應을 無水 acetone에서 反應 速度論的으로 연구하였다. Substrate의 softness가 현저하게 增加하면 halide ion의 nuclepphilicity가 dipolar solvent 에서도 一般的으로 $I^->Br^->CI^-$의 순서를 갖는다는 것을 보여주고 있다. Leaving group bromide일 때는 symbiotic effect에 의해서 reaction center의 softness가 증가하여 soft halide ion과의 反應이 커질 것이나 perihydrogen atom의 steric effect때문에 chloride일 때에 비해서 약간 감소하고 있다.

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