• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1996

An Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary excessive chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability and the content of serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid in broiler chicks. Experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were supplemented at 0, 800, 1,600 and 2,400 ppb chromium in the form of chromium picolinate. Each treatment had six replicates of six female chicks each (average initial weight=45.6 g). Experimental period lasted for six weeks. Excessive supplementation of chromium as chromium picolinate had no effect on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and nutrient utilizability of broiler chicks. Mortality was improved with a supplementation of chromium (p < 0.05). However, serum glucose decreased as chromium level increased (p < 0.05). Up to 2,400 ppb chromium as chromium picolinate, signs of toxicity were not noticed in this study.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1990

백색 Cob종 이용계를 부화 후 1주간 예비사육 후 사료중에 옥수수를 $NaHCO_3$ (중상, 중탄산나트륨)로 1.5, 2.0, 2.5% 대체 첨가한 4처리 3반복으로 하여 반복당 10수씩을 완전임의배치하고 사료와 물은 자유채식케 하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. \circled1 증체량은 $NaHCO_3$ 2.5%수준에서 가장 높았으나 첨가양의 증가와 관계없이 처리간에 유의성이 없었다. \circled2 사료섭취량및 사료효율은 각 처리간에 유의성이 없었으나, 대조구는 사료섭취량이 가장 많으면서 사료효율은 가장 낮았으며 1.5% 수준에서 사료섭취량은 가장 적으면서 사료효율은 가장 좋았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of multi-probiotics, fermented ginseng byproducts and fermented sulfone as an alternative to probiotics on performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of broiler. A five weeks trial was conducted with one day old Ross${\times}$Ross broilers (n=340), divided into five groups which further divided into 4 replicates with 17 birds in each replicate. Birds were assigned to 5 dietary treatments as control, antibiotic avilamycin (AB), multi-probiotics (MP), fermented sulfone (FS) and fermented ginseng byproducts (FGB). Growth parameters were recorded on weekly basis while rest of the parameters viz. blood and faeces were collected at the end of the experiment. Growth parameters were not affected statistically by dietary treatments. However, numerically, higher body weight, splenocytes proliferation and lower total cholesterol and LDL values were found in MP treatment (P>0.05). Salmonella spp. count ($P{\leq}0.001$) and E. coli (P<0.001) concentrations in the ileum were found lowest in AB treatment while FS group showed lowest level of yeast (P<0.10) and Lactobacillus spp. ($P{\leq}0.001$). Fecal ammonia and $CO_2$ emission was significantly decreased in FGB than other dietary treatments (P<0.05). It was concluded that multi-probiotics would be valuable feed additives to improve the growth performance, Lactobacillus proliferation and immunity of broiler chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.686-693
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• 2009

A 21- to 42-day feeding study was conducted in Ross male broilers to evaluate the use of dried bakery product (DBP) and the influence of adding fat at different points in the manufacturing process. Six dietary treatments were formulated using a factorial arrangement (3${\times}$2 design) with three levels of fat in the mixer (high: 4.8%, medium: 3.8% and low: 2.8%) with or without DBP (0 and 7%). Additional fat was sprayed on pellets in a post-pelleting liquid application to bring the fat content to a similar level in all diets. Data on pellet quality (before and after post-pelleting fat addition), broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and organ weights were studied. Pellets made with DBP showed higher hardness values when measured before post-pelleting fat addition (p<0.001), although DBP did not affect final pellet hardness or durability. Higher post-pelleting hardness and durability were shown by diets to which a lower level of fat had been added in the mixer (p<0.001). In general, post-pelleting fat application improved durability (p<0.05). However, broiler performance and ileal digestibility were not affected by any of the factors tested. Dietary treatments had a significant but variable effect on carcass yield (p<0.01), although there were no differences among treatments regarding breast and leg yield, abdominal fat or organ weights. The results indicate that up to 7% DBP could be used in the broiler diet without impairing performance, ileal digestibility or organ weights. The place or point of fat addition in the manufacturing process has a strong influence on pellet quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to measure nutrient digestibility and performance in broiler chicks fed diets based on normal and low viscosity rye or barley fed with and without enzyme (pentosanase and $\beta$-glucanase) during a 17 day growth trial. A total of 150 one-day old, male broiler chicks (5 birds per pen and 5 pens per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a $3{\times}3$ factorial design experiment (3 cereals${\times}$2 enzyme levels). Digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter and crude protein were significantly (p=0.0001) higher for the barley-based diets than for any of the rye-based diets. Digestibility coefficients for gross energy did not differ (p>0.05) due to cereal grain. There were no differences in the digestibility coefficients for dry matter and gross energy between chicks fed normal and low viscosity rye. However, the digestibility coefficient for crude protein was higher (p=0.01) for the low viscosity rye compared with the normal viscosity rye. Addition of enzyme to the diet significantly (p=0.0001) increased digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion between birds fed barley or rye or between birds fed normal or low viscosity rye. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved (p=0.0001) weight gain, intake and feed conversion. The overall results of this experiment indicate that unsupplemented barley and rye do not support adequate growth rates in poultry. Enzyme supplementation dramatically improved broiler performance. In addition, genetic selection to reduce the viscosity of rye had only a modest effect on the nutritive value of rye for broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary onion (Allium cepa) extract (OE) supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract retention (ATTR), blood profile, carcass characteristics and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Four hundred male broiler chicks (Ross 308, 3-d old) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments for 28 d feeding trial. Each treatment has five replications with 20 birds each. Four dietary treatments were designated according to the OE supplementation levels (0 as control, 5, 7.5, and 10 g of OE per kg of basal diet respectively). On d 28, a total of 20 birds from each treatment were subjected for ATTR, serum biochemical assay, carcass characteristic and organ weight measurement. Results: Overall weight gain of OE 7.5 g/kg group was higher (p = 0.04) than control group. The ATTRs of dietary energy (p<0.01) and ether extract (p = 0.04) linearly increased with increasing levels of dietary OE. However, no difference in ATTR of dry matter and crude protein was evident. Furthermore, serum IgG concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p = 0.03) with increasing OE supplementation. No differences in carcass dressing weight and amount of abdominal fat by treatments were observed. Also, the weight of organ including immune organ was not different among the treatments. The TBARS values of 10 d stored breast meat decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing dietary OE levels. The meat color was also affected, with lower (p<0.01) redness score in meats from OE supplemented groups. This study showed that dietary OE improved broiler weight gain presumably by increasing feed intake and ATTR of both energy and ether extract. The dietary OE increased serum IgG level and meat anti-oxidation capacity. Conclusion: This study implies that the recommended level of dietary OE supplementation could be beneficial for improving broiler performance and meat quality.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate (FSMS) on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microflora and ammonia gas production of feces in broiler chickens. A total of three hundred sixty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 20 birds each. The treatments were control (free FSMS), 15% FSMS (basal diet with 15% FSMS) and 30% FSMS (basal diet with 30% FSMS). The final body weight and body weight gains were slightly improved in 30% FSMS than control (P<0.05). Feed intake and feed conversion were significantly improved as compared to those of the control groups. The Leukocytes of blood serum in FSMS groups were significantly decreased as compared to those of control groups. There are no significant differences among the groups in the contents of albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TCHO), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The content of total glucose (TG) in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly decreased as compared to that of the control groups. The content of HDLC in 30% FSMS containing dietary groups was significantly increased as compared to that of the control group. The number of lactobacillus in the intestinal microflora were significantly increased in chicks fed FSMS groups. The ammonia gas production in FSMS groups was siginificantly decreased as compard to that the control groups. These results indicated that dietary FSMS exerted growth performance for feeding broiler.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.705-710
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the effects of three different fat sources and their combination on growth performance, carcass traits and intestinal measurements of broiler chickens reared to 42 d of age. Two hundred day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with four replicates of 10 chicks based on a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of 4% added fat from three different sources and their combination as follows: T, diet containing 4% tallow; CO, diet containing 4% canola oil; SFO, diet containing 4% sunflower oil; TCO, diet containing 2% tallow+2% canola oil; TSFO, diet containing 2% tallow+2% sunflower oil. Dietary fat type affected significantly BW and gain as well as feed efficiency in birds fed the TCO diets compared with those fed the other diets. Dietary fat type also modified meat yield, resulting in a higher breast and drumstick yields in the birds fed TCO and TSFO diets, respectively. Most of internal organ relative weights and small intestine measurements were not influenced by dietary treatments, except for the abdominal fat pad weight that was lower in birds fed SFO and for small intestinal length that was influenced by fat source. Results from the current study suggested that the supplementation with a combination of vegetable and animal fat sources in broiler diet supported positively growth performance and carcass parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and application of both on performance of broiler chicken under heat stress and reared on leaves and ground corn cobs as two alternative bedding materials. Six hundred seventy five day-old straightrun Arian broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 45 pens (at density of $0.09m^2/bird$) in an open sided partially-controlled shed. Three bedding materials viz. wood shavings (WS), ground corn cobs (GCC) (1.5 cm in length) and leaves were subjected to surface spraying of oil ($0.4L/m^2$ animal food grade sunflower oil), anti microbial solutions (3%) and mix treatment of both. Data on performance traits, incidence of breast and food pad lesions and litter characteristics were gathered and analysed in an appropriate factorial arrangements. Body weight at 56 d, feed intake up to 14 d, litter moisture at 28 d, litter pH at 14 d and litter temperature at 14 and 56 d were significantly influenced by litter type (p<0.05). Litter treatment revealed significant impact on body weight at 28, 42 and 56 d, feed intake during 29-42 and 1-42 d, mortality up to 56 d, litter temperature at 28 and 56 d, and litter pH at 28 and 56 d. Leaves and ground corn cobs have shown good potential as alternative bedding materials for rearing broilers. Surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and applying both were not effective tools to promote the broiler's health and performance. Meat type poultry growers and integrators are considered as primary audiences of the results achieved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1291-1300
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, small intestinal morphology and endogenous protease activity in broiler chickens reared under a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The main effects were CP level (21.0%, 19.7%, 18.5%, or 17.2% from 1 to 21 days and 19.0%, 17.9%, 16.7%, or 15.6% from 22 to 35 days) and protease enzyme supplementation (0 ppm or 500 ppm). All experimental diets were fortified with synthetic feed-grade lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan to provide the minimum amino acid recommended levels for Cobb 500. Results: Reducing dietary CP linearly reduced (p<0.05) growth performance, serum albumin, total protein, and carcass traits and increased (p<0.05) serum triglycerides and abdominal fat. There was no consistent effect of reducing dietary CP on morphological parameters of the intestine and on the pancreatic and intestinal endogenous protease activity (p>0.05). Protease supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal absorptive surface area. Conclusion: Protease supplementation, as measured by growth performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield, may alleviate the detrimental effects of low protein diets in broiler chickens.